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Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists

ISBN: 9780138402082 | 0138402086
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 2/1/1998

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SummaryTable of Contents
This classic, market leading text provides a rigorous introduction to basic probability theory and statistical inference for students with a background in calculus. The new edition features many new exercises and applications based on real data.
Prefaceix
1 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
1(8)
1.1 Overview
1(1)
... MORE
1.2 The Role of Probability
2(2)
1.3 Measures of Location: The Sample Mean
4(1)
1.4 Measures of Variability
5(1)
1.5 Discrete and Continuous Data
6(1)
1.6 Statistical Modeling, Scientific Inspection, and Graphical Diagnostics
7(2)
2 Probability
9(42)
2.1 Sample Space
10(3)
2.2 Events
13(6)
2.3 Counting Sample Points
19(8)
2.4 Probability of an Event
27(3)
2.5 Additive Rules
30(5)
2.6 Conditional Probability
35(3)
2.7 Multiplicative Rules
38(6)
2.8 Bayes' Rule
44(5)
Review Exercises
49(2)
3 Random Variables and Probability Distributions
51(33)
3.1 Concept of a Random Variable
51(2)
3.2 Discrete Probability Distributions
53(5)
3.3 Continuous Probability Distributions
58(5)
3.4 Empirical Distributions
63(6)
3.5 Joint Probability Distributions
69(13)
Review Exercises
82(2)
4 Mathematical Expectation
84(30)
4.1 Mean of a Random Variable
84(8)
4.2 Variance and Covariance
92(9)
4.3 Means and Variances of Linear Combinations of Random Variables
101(7)
4.4 Chebyshev's Theorem
108(4)
Review Exercises
112(2)
5 Some Discrete Probability Distributions
114(29)
5.1 Introduction
114(1)
5.2 Discrete Uniform Distribution
114(2)
5.3 Binomial and Multinomial Distributions
116(9)
5.4 Hypergeometric Distribution
125(7)
5.5 Negative Binomial and Geometric Distributions
132(3)
5.6 Poisson Distribution and the Poisson Process
135(6)
Review Exercises
141(2)
6 Some Continuous Probability Distributions
143(37)
6.1 Continuous Probability Distribution
143(2)
6.2 Normal Distribution
145(3)
6.3 Areas Under the Normal Curve
148(5)
6.4 Applications of the Normal Distribution
153(7)
6.5 Normal Approximation to the Binomial
160(6)
6.6 Gamma and Exponential Distributions
166(4)
6.7 Applications of the Exponential and Gamma Distributions
170(2)
6.8 Chi-Squared Distribution
172(1)
6.9 Lognormal Distribution
173(1)
6.10 Weibull Distribution
174(4)
Review Exercises
178(2)
7 Functions of Random Variables
180(18)
7.1 Introduction
180(1)
7.2 Transformations of Variables
180(9)
7.3 Moments and Moment-Generating Functions
189(9)
8 Random Sampling, Data Description, and Some Fundamental Sampling Distributions
198(40)
8.1 Random Sampling
198(3)
8.2 Some Important Statistics
201(7)
8.3 Data Displays and Graphical Methods
208(7)
8.4 Sampling Distributions
215(2)
8.5 Sampling Distributions of Means
217(7)
8.6 Sampling Distribution of S(2)
224(4)
8.7 t-Distribution
228(4)
8.8 F-Distribution
232(5)
Review Exercises
237(1)
9 One- and Two-Sample Estimation Problems
238(52)
9.1 Introduction
238(1)
9.2 Statistical Inference
238(1)
9.3 Classical Methods of Estimation
239(4)
9.4 Single Sample: Estimating the Mean
243(5)
9.5 Standard Error of a Point Estimate
248(1)
9.6 Tolerance Limits
249(4)
9.7 Two Samples: Estimating the Difference Between Two Means
253(6)
9.8 Paired Observations
259(5)
9.9 Single Sample: Estimating a Proportion
264(4)
9.10 Two Samples: Estimating the Difference Between Two Proportions
268(3)
9.11 Single Sample: Estimating the Variance
271(2)
9.12 Two Samples: Estimating the Ratio of Two Variances
273(2)
9.13 Bayesian Methods of Estimation
275(7)
9.14 Maximum Likelihood Estimation
282(5)
Review Exercises
287(3)
10 One- and Two-Sample Tests of Hypotheses
290(68)
10.1 Statistical Hypotheses: General Concepts
290(2)
10.2 Testing a Statistical Hypothesis
292(8)
10.3 One- and Two- Tailed Tests
300(2)
10.4 The Use of P-Values for Decision Making
302(4)
10.5 Single Sample: Tests Concerning a Single Mean (Variance Known)
306(3)
10.6 Relationship to Confidence Interval Estimation
309(1)
10.7 Single Sample: Tests on a Single Mean (Variance Unknown)
310(3)
10.8 Two Samples: Tests on Two Means
313(5)
10.9 Choice of Sample Size for Testing Means
318(5)
10.10 Graphical Methods for Comparing Means
323(7)
10.11 One Sample: Test on a Single Proportion
330(3)
10.12 Two Samples: Tests on Two Proportions
333(3)
10.13 One- and Two-Sample Tests Concerning Variances
336(4)
10.14 Goodness-of-Fit Test
340(4)
10.15 Test for Independence (Categorical Data)
344(3)
10.16 Test for Homogeneity
347(1)
10.17 Testing for Several Proportions
348(2)
10.18 Two-Sample Case Study
350(5)
Review Exercises
355(3)
11 Simple Linear Regression and Correlation
358(47)
11.1 Introduction to Linear Regression
358(3)
11.2 Simple Linear Regression
361(4)
11.3 Properties of the Least Squares Estimators
365(2)
11.4 Inferences Concerning the Regression Coefficients
367(4)
11.5 Prediction
371(6)
11.6 Choice of a Regression Model
377(1)
11.7 Analysis-of-Variance Approach
377(2)
11.8 Test for Linearity of Regression: Data with Repeated Observations
379(8)
11.9 Data Plots and Transformations
387(4)
11.10 Simple Linear Regression Case Study
391(3)
11.11 Correlation
394(6)
Review Exercises
400(5)
12 Multiple Linear Regression
405(56)
12.1 Introduction
405(1)
12.2 Estimating the Coefficients
406(4)
12.3 Linear Regression Model Using Matrices
410(8)
12.4 Properties of the Least Squares Estimators
418(2)
12.5 Inferences in Multiple Linear Regression
420(7)
12.6 Choice of a Fitted Model Through Hypothesis Testing
427(4)
12.7 Special Case of Orthogonality
431(4)
12.8 Sequential Methods for Model Selection
435(6)
12.9 Study of Residuals and Violation of Assumptions
441(4)
12.10 Cross Validation, C(p), and Other Criteria for Model Selection
445(11)
Review Exercises
456(5)
13 One-Factor Experiments: General
461(66)
13.1 Analysis-of-Variance Technique
461(2)
13.2 The Strategy of Experimental Design
463(1)
13.3 One-Way Analysis of Variance: Completely Randomized Design
463(7)
13.4 Tests for the Equality of Several Variances
470(5)
13.5 Single-Degree-of-Freedom Comparisons
475(4)
13.6 Multiple Comparisons
479(4)
13.7 Comparing Treatments with a Control
483(5)
13.8 Comparing a Set of Treatments in Blocks
488(1)
13.9 Randomized Complete Block Designs
489(9)
13.10 Graphical Methods and Further Diagnostics
498(1)
13.11 Latin Squares
499(7)
13.12 Random Effects Models
506(5)
13.13 Regression Approach to Analysis of Variance
511(3)
13.14 Power of Analysis-of-Variance Tests
514(5)
13.15 Case Study
519(4)
Review Exercises
523(4)
14 Factorial Experiments
527(32)
14.1 Introduction
527(2)
14.2 Interaction and the Two-Factor Experiment
529(1)
14.3 Two-Factor Analysis of Variance
530(7)
14.4 Graphical Analysis in the Two-Factor Problem
537(3)
14.5 Three-Factor Experiments
540(4)
14.6 Specific Multifactor Models
544(5)
14.7 Model II and III Factorial Experiments
549(3)
14.8 Choice of Sample Size
552(3)
Review Exercises
555(4)
15 2(k) Factorial Experiments and Fractions
559(50)
15.1 Introduction
559(1)
15.2 Analysis of Variance
560(4)
15.3 Nonreplicated 2(k) Factorial Experiment
564(1)
15.4 Case Study
565(6)
15.5 Factorial Experiments in Incomplete Blocks
571(6)
15.6 Partial Confounding
577(2)
15.7 Factorial Experiments in a Regression Setting
579(4)
15.8 Case Study: Coal Cleansing Experiment
583(5)
15.9 Fractional Factorial Experiments
588(3)
15.10 Analysis of Fractional Factorial Experiments
591(4)
15.11 Higher Fractions and Screening Designs
595(1)
15.12 Construction of Resolution III and IV Designs with 8, 16, and 32 Design Points
596(1)
15.13 Other Two-Level Resolution III Designs; The Plackett-Burman Designs
597(2)
15.14 Taguchi's Robust Parameter Design
599(8)
Review Exercises
607(2)
16 Nonparametric Statistics
609(26)
16.1 Nonparametric Tests
609(1)
16.2 Sign Test
610(4)
16.3 Signed-Rank Test
614(5)
16.4 Rank-Sum Test
619(4)
16.5 Kruskal-Wallis Test
623(2)
16.6 Runs Test
625(4)
16.7 Tolerance Limits
629(1)
16.8 Rank Correlation Coefficient
630(4)
Review Exercises
634(1)
17 Statistical Quality Control
635(32)
17.1 Introduction
635(2)
17.2 Nature of the Control Limits
637(1)
17.3 Purposes of the Control Chart
637(1)
17.4 Control Charts for Variables
638(15)
17.5 Control Charts for Attributes
653(7)
17.6 Cusum Control Charts
660(4)
Review Exercises
664(3)
Bibliography667(4)
Appendix: Statistical Tables671(52)
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises723(14)
Index737

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