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A PRACTICAL STUDY OF ARGUMENT

by:
ISBN: 9780534505233 | 0534505236
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 7/12/1996

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SummaryTable of Contents
Suitable for courses in Critical Thinking, Critical Reasoning, and Informal Logic.

This text provides students with a practical understanding of argument by means of enriched examples while maintaining philosophical soundness. The Fourth Edition of this widely acclaimed text continues to provide an integration of formal and informal logic, and fallacies and arguments in a clearly-presented and theoretically sensible fashion.

Prefaceix
What is an Argument? (And What is Not?)
1(27)
Argument and Opinion
1(1)
... MORE
What is an Argument?
2(4)
Where and How Do You Find Arguments?
6(3)
What Isn't an Argument?
9(6)
Argument and Explanation: What's the Difference?
15(9)
Why Are Arguments Important?
24(4)
Chapter Summary
26(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
27(1)
Notes
27(1)
Pinning Down Argument Structure
28(37)
Standardizing an Argument
28(5)
From Colloquial Writing to Standardized Form
33(4)
General Strategies for Standardizing Arguments
37(5)
Important Details about Conclusions
42(8)
Important Details About Premises
50(15)
Chapter Summary
61(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
62(1)
Notes
63(2)
When is an Argument a Good One?
65(31)
The Challenge of Argument
65(8)
What is a Good Argument? The ARG Conditions
73(2)
Reasoning from Premises to Conclusions: More on the (R) and (G) Conditions
75(4)
Using the ARG Conditions to Evaluate Arguments
79(10)
Evaluating Arguments and Constructing Your Own Arguments
89(7)
Chapter Summary
92(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
93(1)
Notes
94(2)
Looking at Language
96(32)
Definitions
98(12)
Further Features of Language
110(18)
Chapter Summary
125(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
126(1)
Notes
127(1)
Premises: What to Accept and Why
128(34)
The Dilemma of Premises
128(2)
When Premises Are Acceptable
130(12)
Summary of Acceptability Conditions
142(2)
When Premises are Unacceptable
144(9)
Summary of Unacceptability Conditions
153(9)
Chapter Summary
157(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
158(2)
Notes
160(2)
Working on Relevance
162(41)
Characteristics of Relevance
162(3)
Some Ways of Being Relevant
165(4)
Irrelevance: Some General Comments
169(6)
Fallacies Involving Irrelevance
175(22)
Irrelevance, Missing Premises, and Argument Criticism
197(6)
Chapter Summary
199(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
200(1)
Notes
201(2)
Those Tidy Deductions: Categorical Logic
203(43)
Deductive Relations
203(4)
Four Categorical Forms
207(2)
Natural Language and Categorical Form
209(5)
Venn Diagrams
214(2)
Rules of Immediate Inference
216(6)
Contrary and Contradictory Predicates and False Dichotomies
222(2)
Categorical Logic: Some Philosophical Background
224(3)
The Categorical Syllogism
227(7)
The Rules of the Categorical Syllogism
234(2)
Applying Categorical Logic
236(10)
Chapter Summary
242(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
242(2)
Notes
244(2)
Those Tidy Deductions: Propositional Logic
246(47)
Definition of the Basic Symbols Used in Propositional Logic
247(4)
Testing for Validity by the Truth Table Technique
251(4)
The Shorter Truth Table Technique
255(4)
Translating from English into Propositional Logic
259(11)
Further Points about Translation
270(9)
Simple Proofs in Propositional Logic
279(8)
Propositional Logic and Cogent Arguments
287(6)
Chapter Summary
287(3)
Review of Terms Introduced
290(2)
Notes
292(1)
An Introduction to Inductive Arguments
293(49)
Philosophical Background
293(3)
Inductive Generalizations
296(13)
Causal Inductive Arguments
309(5)
Correlations
314(6)
Problems with Premises
320(7)
Common Fallacies in Inductive Arguments
327(9)
Different Senses of Inductive
336(6)
Chapter Summary
337(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
338(3)
Notes
341(1)
Analogies: Reasoning from Case to case
342(46)
The Nature and Functions of Analogy
342(1)
Analogy and Consistency
343(17)
Inductive Analogies
360(10)
Further Critical Strategies
370(2)
Loose and Misleading Analogies
372(16)
Chapter Summary
385(1)
Review of terms Introduced
385(1)
Notes
386(2)
Conductive Arguments and Counterconsiderations
388(21)
Counterconsiderations
391(18)
Chapter Summary
407(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
407(1)
Notes
408(1)
Reflective Analysis of Longer Works
409(24)
Introduction
409(1)
Reading for Understanding
410(4)
Reading for Appraisal
414(2)
Developing an Outline for Your Essay
416(5)
A Sample Essay
421(5)
Working Through an Example
426(7)
Chapter Summary
431(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
431(1)
Note
432(1)
Appendix A A Summary of Fallacies433(7)
Appendix B Selected Essays for Analysis440(13)
``Esoteric Research Creates Jobs, Wealth,''
440(1)
Maurice Moloney
``Do Organ Donors Have to be Dead?''
441(3)
Robert Arnold
Stuart Youngner
``What's In a Dream?''
444(2)
Trudy Govier
``Learning to Love the Waste,''
446(1)
Trebbe Johnson
``Is It Wrong to Lie About Santa Claus?''
447(2)
Thomas Hurka
``Trouble in the Garden of Eden,''
449(2)
Jules Pretty
Michel Pimbert
``To Hate Government is to Hate People,''
451(2)
Guido Tondino
Answers to Selected Exercises453(25)
Index478

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