From basic arithmetic to using formulas, this fully updated edition applies essential practical math skills directly to the field of heating and cooling technology. All math concepts use terminology specific to the HVAC-R trade to help technicians prepare for problems they will encounter on the job. The entire range of mathematics problems used in the field are covered - from whole numbers, fractions, ratio and proportion, to percentages, measures, formulas, and trigonometry. Useful practice opportunities in the book also help readers learn to write up estimates and bills.