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Power and Choice : An Introduction to Political Science

ISBN: 9780073033877 | 0073033871
Format: Paperback
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
Pub. Date: 8/1/1998

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Table of Contents
Prefacevii
Acknowledgmentsx
PART I INTRODUCTION
Politics: Setting the Stage
2(16)
Politics
... MORE		3(1)
Politics as the Making of Common Decisions
4(1)
Politics as the Exercise of Power
5(1)
Implicit and Manifest Power
6(3)
Politics and Power
9(1)
Power and Choice
9(3)
Politics of the State
12(1)
Political Science
13(2)
The Pleasures of Politics
15(3)
Modern Ideologies and Political Philosophy
18(20)
American Ideologies
19(2)
Liberalism
21(2)
The Conservative Reaction
23(3)
The Socialist Alternative
26(4)
Communism and Socialism
30(1)
Fascism
31(1)
The Great Ideologies in the Late Twentieth Century
32(1)
Political Philosophy Through the Ages
33(5)
PART II THE STATE AND PUBLIC POLICY
The Modern State
38(28)
The Development of the Modern State
40(2)
The Origin of States
42(2)
``State,'' ``Nation,'' and the ``Nation-State''
44(5)
Government and the State
49(2)
Challenges to the State
51(2)
Are States Losing Their Ability to Make Economic Policy?
53(2)
Some Possible Alternatives
55(1)
The West, The East, and The South
56(10)
Example: State Building in Nigeria
58(3)
Example: State Building in the European Union
61(5)
Policies of the State
66(21)
What Do Governments Do?
70(3)
Defense Policy
73(2)
Education
75(1)
Research and Development
76(1)
Health and Social Welfare
77(2)
The Place of Power in Policy Analysis
79(8)
Example: Norway's Program to Encourage Norwegian-Language Publications
80(2)
Example: Economic Development Compared with ``Human Development''
82(1)
Example: Effectiveness of Education Policies
82(5)
Political Economy of the State
87(27)
Political Economy
88(1)
Economic Policy I: Economy Growth
89(6)
Economic Policy II: Controlling Inflation and Unemployment
95(3)
Economic Policy III: Managing Distribution and Inequality
98(1)
Impediments and Tools I: Independent Central Banks
99(3)
Impediments and Tools I: Corruption
102(2)
Conclusion
104(10)
Example: Political Economy of Germany
106(4)
Example: Political Economy of Indonesia
110(4)
Political Choices: The Problems of Fairness and Efficiency
114(20)
Fairness and the Problem of Justice
114(3)
Other Aspects of Fairness
117(3)
Efficiency
120(2)
Modes of Decision: Incremental vs. Radical
122(1)
Modes of Decision: Authority vs. The Market
123(5)
Conclusion
128(6)
Example: Political Choice
129(5)
PART III THE CITIZEN AND THE REGIME
Authority and Legitimacy: The State and the Citizen
134(21)
Legitimacy and Authority
136(1)
Sources of Legitimacy
136(3)
The ``Democratic Citizen''
139(1)
How Well Are These Requirements Met?
140(5)
Social Capital
145(1)
Political Culture
146(1)
Political Socialization
147(8)
Example: Building Authority and Legitimacy in West Germany After World War II
149(3)
Example: Declining Democratic Legitimacy in the United States
152(3)
Democracy and Its Recent Surge in the World
155(15)
The Wave of Democratization in the 1980s and 1990s
156(1)
Possible Explanations
157(2)
The End of History?
159(1)
What Have We Learned?
160(10)
Example: Democratization in Spain
165(1)
Example: Fragile Democratization in Peru
166(4)
Autocratic Government
170(16)
Military Government
172(2)
Why Aren't There More Military Governments?
174(2)
One-Party States
176(1)
``Court'' Politics
177(1)
``Power and Choice'' Again
178(1)
Conclusion
179(7)
Example: Civilian Participation in Nigeria's First Military Regime
179(2)
Example: ``Court'' Politics in Nazi Germany
181(5)
PART IV THE APPARATUS OF GOVERNANCE
Constitutions and the Design of Government
186(18)
Variations in Formality
187(1)
The Virtue of Vagueness
187(1)
Other Principles of Constitutional Design
188(4)
The Geographic Concentration of Power
192(1)
``Federal'' and ``Unitary'' States
193(1)
The Distinction Between ``Unitary'' and ``Centralized'' States
194(3)
How Much Centralization is Good?
197(1)
``Constitutionalism''
197(7)
Example: Constitutional Government in Great Britain
199(2)
Example: Constitutional Government in Russia
201(3)
Elections
204(20)
Elections as a Means of Building Support
205(3)
Elections as a Means of Selecting Leaders and Policies
208(1)
Electoral Systems
208(5)
Referendums
213(1)
Electoral Participation
213(2)
The Paradox of Participation
215(2)
The Bases of Individuals' Electoral Choices
217(7)
Example: Proportional Representation Elections in Israel
220(1)
Example: Elections in Nigeria
221(3)
Parties: A Linking and Leading Mechanism in Politics
224(23)
The Political Party
224(1)
Origins of the Modern Party
225(2)
Political Parties and the Mobilization of the Masses
227(1)
Political Parties and the Recruitment and Socialization of Leaders
227(2)
Political Parties as a Source of Political Identity
229(2)
Political Parties as a Channel of Control
231(2)
Party Organization
233(2)
Party Finance
235(2)
Political Party Systems
237(3)
Conclusion
240(7)
Example: The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1917-1991)
241(3)
Example: Mexico's Dominant Party System
244(3)
Structured Conflict: Interest Groups and Politics
247(25)
Interest Groups and Representation
249(5)
Types of Interest Groups
254(3)
Tactics of Interest Groups
257(4)
Patterns of Interest-Group Activity
261(1)
Pluralism
262(1)
Neocorporatism
263(2)
Power and Choice
265(7)
Example: Interest Groups in France
265(3)
Example: Interest Groups in Japan: Attenuated Neocorporatism
268(4)
National Decision-Making Institutions: Parliamentary Government
272(19)
Cabinet Control
274(1)
What Does a Parliament Do?
275(3)
The Life of a Member of Parliament
278(1)
Parliamentary Committees
279(1)
Exceptions to Parliamentary Supremacy
280(1)
Parliaments in Autocratic Systems
281(1)
Conclusion
282(9)
Example: Parliamentary Government in India
283(3)
Example: Parliamentary Government in Germany
286(5)
National Decision-Making Institutions: Presidential Government
291(21)
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems Compared
293(1)
Governmental Responsibility
294(1)
Presidential Systems and Comprehensive Policy
295(1)
Recruitment of Executive Leaders
295(2)
Review and Control of the Executive
297(1)
The Split Executive of Parliamentary Systems
298(2)
Why Aren't All Democracies Parliamentary Systems?
300(1)
Constitutional Review and the Fragmentation of Power
301(2)
A Note on Constitutions and Power
303(9)
Example: Presidential Government in France
306(2)
Example: Presidential Government in Mexico
308(4)
Bureaucracy and the Public Sector
312(17)
Public Administration as a Political Problem
313(2)
Characteristics of Good Public Administration
315(1)
``Bureaucracy'': A Reform of the Last Century
316(1)
Bureaucracy Versus Flexibility
317(1)
The Problem of Protected Incompetence
318(1)
Adjustments to Bureaucracy
319(2)
Social Representativeness of Public Administration
321(1)
Conclusion
322(7)
Example: The French Bureaucracy
323(1)
Example: The Saudi Arabian Bureaucracy
324(2)
Example: Battling the Bureaucracy in Brazil
326(3)
Law and the Courts
329(15)
Anglo-Saxon Case Law
330(1)
Continental European Code Law
331(1)
Religious Law: The Sharia
332(2)
The Blending of Case Law and Code Law
334(1)
Courts
335(9)
Example: The Law in China
338(2)
Example: The European Court of Justice
340(4)
PART V INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
Global Politics: Politics Among States (and Others)
344(29)
The Evolution of the International System Since World War II
344(2)
The New World Order
346(6)
International Politics
352(1)
The Absence of Central Authority
352(2)
Fiduciary Political Roles and International Morality
354(2)
Impediments to International Communication
356(1)
Power and International Politics
356(3)
The Process of International Politics
359(4)
Power and Choice in International Politics
363(1)
Conclusion
364(5)
Example: A Failure of the New Order: Ethnic Conflict in Rwanda
364(4)
Example: The United Nations
368(1)
A Personal Note
369(4)
Appendix: Principles of Political Analysis373(6)
Falsifiability
373(1)
What Makes a Statement Interesting?
374(1)
Causation and Explanation
375(2)
Historical Explanation
377(1)
A Few Common Pitfalls in Analysis
377(2)
Glossary379(8)
Bibliography387(14)
Index401

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