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The Portable Enlightenment Reader

by: Unknown
ISBN: 9780140245660 | 0140245669
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Penguin Books
Pub. Date: 12/1/1995

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SummaryTable of ContentsAuthor Biography
The Age of Enlightenment of the eighteenth century, also called the Age of Reason, was so named for an exultant intellectual movement that shook the foundations of Western civilization. In championing radical ideas such as individual liberty and an empirical appraisal of the universe through rational inquiry and natural experience, Enlightenment philosophers in Europe and America planted the seeds for modern liberalism, cultural humanism, science and technology, and laissez-faire capitalism. This volume brings together the era's classic works, ... MORE
Introductionix
Notes to Introductionxxv
Suggestions for Further Readingxxvii
Part One: The Enlightenment Spirit: An Overview
What Is Enlightenment?
... MORE(6)
Kant
The Human Mind Emerged from Barbarism
7(10)
d'Alembert
``Encyclopedie''
17(4)
Diderot
Definition of a Philosophe
21(2)
Dumarsais
Le mariage de Figaro
23(2)
Beaumarchais
The Magic Flute
25(1)
Mozart
The Future Progress of the Human Mind
26(13)
Condorcet
Part Two: Reason and Nature
The New Science
39(4)
Bacon
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
43(5)
Newton
The New Physics
48(3)
Cotes
On Bacon and Newton
51(9)
Voltaire
The Rat
60(4)
Buffon
The Utility of Science
64(5)
Condorcet
The Organization of Scientific Research
69(4)
Priestley
Letter to Joseph Priestley
73(2)
Franklin
Part Three: Reason and God
On Superstition and Tolerance
75(6)
Bayle
A Letter Concerning Toleration
81(9)
Locke
On Enthusiasm
90(6)
Shaftesbury
The Argument for a Deity
96(5)
Newton
A Discourse of Free-Thinking
101(5)
Collins
``If there is a God...''
106(3)
Montesquieu
Of Miracles and the Origin of Religion
109(6)
Hume
Reflections on Religion
115(19)
Voltaire
Profession of Faith of a Savoyard Vicar
134(6)
Rousseau
``No need of theology...only of reason...''
140(10)
d'Holbach
The Progress of Superstition
150(5)
Gibbon
Unitarianism
155(5)
Priestley
``Religion...my views of it...''
160(6)
Jefferson
``Something of my religion...''
166(2)
Franklin
The Temple of Reason
168(6)
The Age of Reason
174(7)
Paine
Part Four: Reason and Humanity
The Mind and Ideas
``I think, therefore I am...''
181(4)
Descartes
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
185(3)
Locke
New Essays on Human Understanding
188(2)
Leibnitz
On Mr. Locke
190(5)
Voltaire
A Treatise of Human Nature
195(7)
Hume
Man a Machine
202(7)
la Mettrie
Of Ideas, Their Generation and Associations
209(4)
Hartley
The Philosophy of Common Sense
213(7)
Reid
Treatise on the Sensations
220(2)
Condillac
Education and Childhood
Some Thoughts Concerning Education
222(7)
Locke
Children and Civic Education
229(6)
Rousseau
Education for Civil and Active Life
235(7)
Priestley
Manners and Morals
The Fable of the Bees
242(13)
Mandeville
An Essay on Man
255(2)
Pope
Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure
257(8)
Cleland
Enjoyment and Tahiti
265(10)
Diderot
Concerning the Moral Sense
275(5)
Hutcheson
The Impartial Spectator
280(7)
Smith
A Treatise on Man
287(10)
Helvetius
Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals
297(9)
Kant
The Principle of Utility
306(8)
Bentham
Taste and Art
On Wit
314(4)
Addison
Ideas of Beauty and Virtue
318(1)
Hutcheson
Discourse on Style
319(3)
Buffon
Of the Standard of Taste
322(7)
Hume
The Sublime
329(4)
Burke
On Theater and Morals
333(4)
Rousseau
On Custom and Fashion
337(2)
Smith
The Beautiful and Sublime
339(3)
Kant
Discourse on Art
342(9)
Reynolds
Part Five: Reason and Society
Progress and History
The New Science
351(5)
Vico
The Utility of History
356(3)
Bolingbroke
History as Guide
359(2)
Hume
On Progress
361(2)
Turgot
A Critique of Progress
363(6)
Rousseau
In Defense of Modernity
369(9)
Voltaire
The Four-Stage Theory of Development
378(2)
Smith
The Progressive Character of Human Nature
380(2)
Ferguson
``How glorious, then, is the prospect...''
382(5)
Priestley
The Perfectibility of Man
387(8)
Condorcet
Politics and the State
The Second Treatise of Civil Government
395(10)
Locke
The Spirit of the Laws
405(11)
Montesquieu
Political Essays
416(8)
Voltaire
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
424(6)
Rousseau
The Social Contract
430(12)
Rousseau
Common Sense
442(6)
Paine
The American Declaration of Independence
448(4)
Benevolent Despotism
452(7)
Frederick the Great
Federalist No. 10
459(7)
Madison
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
466(3)
The Rights of Man
469(4)
Paine
Enquiry Concerning Political Justice
473(7)
Godwin
The Economy and Markets
The Royal Exchange
480(3)
Addison
Industry and the Way to Wealth
483(8)
Franklin
Of Luxury
491(5)
Hume
The Physiocratic Formula
496(6)
Quesnay
Economic Liberty
502(3)
Turgot
The Wealth of Nations
505(10)
Smith
Crime and Punishment
The Severity of Criminal Laws
515(10)
Montesquieu
An Essay on Crimes and Punishments
525(7)
Beccaria
On Torture and Capital Punishment
532(3)
Voltaire
The State of Prisons
535(6)
Howard
``Cases unmeet for punishment...''
541(5)
Bentham
War and Peace
Splendid Armies
546(4)
Voltaire
``There never was a good war...''
550(2)
Franklin
Perpetual Peace
552(8)
Kant
Gender and Race
Some Reflections upon Marriage
560(8)
Astell
Duties of Women
568(12)
Rousseau
The Fair Sex
580(6)
Kant
Women, Adored and Oppressed
586(5)
Paine
``A woman...gossips much...''
591(1)
Mozart
Women's Education
591(10)
Macaulay
On the Equality of the Sexes
601(8)
Constantia
The Rights of Women
609(9)
de Gouges
Vindication of the Rights of Woman
618(11)
Wollstonecraft
``Negroes...naturally inferior to the whites...''
629(1)
Hume
Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes
630(7)
Woolman
The Difference between the Races
637(3)
Kant
``Who are you, then, to make slaves...''
640(4)
Diderot
``Bestial manners, stupidity, and vices...''
644(1)
Long
African Slavery in America
645(4)
Paine
Of Empires and Savages
649(8)
Gibbon
On Indians and Negroes
657(12)
Jefferson
``Negro''
669(1)
Encyclopaedia Britannica
The End of Empire
670
Priestley
Isaac Kramnick was born in 1938 and educated at Harvard University, where he received a B.A. degree in 1959 and a Ph.D. in 1965, and at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He has taught at Harvard, Brandeis, Yale and Cornell, where he is now Professor of Government. He is married to Miriam Brody Kramnick and lives in Ithaca, New York. Among his publications are Bolingbroke and His Circle, The Rage of Edmund Burke and numerous articles on eighteenth century topics. He has edited William Godwin’s Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, The Federalist Papers by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay and, with Michael Foot, The Thomas Paine Reader for the Penguin Classics. Most recently he is the author, with Barry Sheerman, MP, of Laski: A Lift on the Left.


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