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Politics in States and Communities

ISBN: 9780132587082 | 0132587084
Edition: 9th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference
Pub. Date: 10/1/1996

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SummaryTable of Contents
A lively written, thought-provoking book which uses a clear, accessible approach to political conflict in American states and communities. It explores the what and the why behind current issues including illegal immigration, term limits, the fight against tobacco, campaign finance, sexual harassment, welfare reform, crime in the states, police and law enforcement, state correctional policies, the death penalty, abortion, affirmative action and more. This book compares the public policy and government management strategies of state and local governments, while focusing on the sources and nature of conflict. Coverage demonstrates how communities and states in America play an important role in the political life of the nation. For anyone wanting to learn more about State, Local, State and Local Government and Urban Politics.
PREFACExiii
1 POLITICS IN STATES AND COMMUNITIES
1(26)
A Political Approach to States and Communities
1(1)
... MORE
A Comparative Approach to States and Communities
2(5)
State Political "Cultures" and Ethnic Influences
7(4)
Liberalism and Conservatism in the States
11(3)
Race and Ethnicity
14(2)
The Politics of Immigration The Politics of Immigration
16(2)
The "Nationalization" of the States
18(1)
Policy Responsibilities of States and Communities
19(2)
"States," "Districts," and "Territories"
21(3)
Trivia: What's in a Name
24(3)
2 DEMOCRACY AND CONSTITUTIONALISM IN THE STATES
27(28)
Constitutional Government in the States
27(6)
State Constitutions: An Overview
33(3)
Constitutional Change in the States
36(2)
Democracy in the States
38(3)
Direct Versus Representative Democracy
41(2)
The Politics of State Initiatives
43(4)
Term Limit Battles
47(3)
Politics of Constitutional Revision
50(1)
Politics of State Constitutional Ratification
51(1)
Trivia: Hawkeyes, Hoosiers, and the Lone Star
52(3)
3 STATES, COMMUNITIES, AND AMERICAN FEDERALISM
55(36)
What Is Federalism?
55(1)
Why Federalism?
56(2)
Federalism's Faults
58(1)
The Structure of American Federalism
59(5)
Battles in the States over Constitutional Amendments
64(4)
Constitutional and Historical Development of Federalism
68(3)
How Money Shifted Power to Washington
71(2)
How Congress Raised the Drinking Age
73(3)
The Politics of Grants-in-Aid
76(2)
Federalism: Variations on the Theme
78(2)
The Old "New Federalism"
80(2)
Coercive Federalism: Mandates and Preemptions
82(2)
Representational Federalism
84(2)
"Devolution": The New New Federalism
86(2)
Interstate Relations--Horizontal Federalism
88(1)
Trivia: The Most Livable States
89(2)
4 PARTICIPATION IN STATE POLITICS
91(28)
The Nature of Political Participation
91(1)
Explaining Voter Turnout
92(4)
Voting in the States
96(2)
Securing the Right to Vote
98(6)
Voting and American Youth
104(1)
Women in State Politics
105(1)
Interest Groups in State Politics
106(3)
Functions and Tactics of Interest Groups
109(4)
Comparing Interest Group Power in the States
113(3)
Protest as Political Participation
116(3)
5 PARTIES AND CAMPAIGNS IN THE STATES
119(26)
American Political Parties in Disarray
119(3)
Republican and Democratic Party Fortunes
122(1)
Party Competition in the States
123(2)
The Policy Effects of Party Competition
125(3)
The Party Activists
128(2)
State Party Organizations
130(3)
Parties and Primaries
133(3)
Professional Mass Media Campaigns
136(3)
Money in State Politics
139(6)
6 LEGISLATORS IN STATE POLITICS
145(40)
Functions of State Legislatures
145(1)
The Making of a State Legislator
146(6)
Getting to the State Capitol
152(3)
The Great Incumbency Machine
155(1)
The Unpopularity of Legislatures
156(2)
Legislative Apportionment and Districting
158(4)
Legislative Organization and Procedure
162(4)
Informal Rules of the Game
166(1)
Legislative Committees
167(3)
Legislative Institutionalization
170(4)
Leadership and Roll-Playing in Legislatures
174(2)
Party Politics in State Legislatures
176(2)
Are Legislators Responsible Policy Makers?
178(2)
Lobbying in State Legislatures
180(2)
Trivia: Songs, Flowers, Birds, and Trees
182(2)
Legislatures in State Politics
184(1)
7 GOVERNORS IN STATE POLITICS
185(31)
The Many Roles of a Governor
185(2)
The Making of a Governor
187(2)
Gubernatorial Politics
189(5)
Executive Power in State Government
194(2)
The Governor's Managerial Powers
196(5)
The Governor's Fiscal Powers
201(2)
The Governor's Legislative Powers
203(4)
Divided Government: Governor Versus the Legislature
207(1)
Impeachments and Investigations
208(1)
The Governor as Political Leader
209(3)
Other Executive Offices
212(2)
Trivia: States and Their Capitals
214(2)
8 COURTS, CRIME, AND CORRECTIONAL POLICY
216(44)
Politics and the Judicial Process
216(2)
The Lawyering of America
218(2)
The New Judicial Federalism
220(1)
The Structure of Court Systems
221(3)
The Making of a Judge
224(4)
Judicial Decision Making: Trial Courts
228(1)
Judicial Decision Making: State Supreme Courts
229(2)
Crime in the States
231(3)
The War on Drugs
234(4)
Federalism and Law Enforcement
238(1)
Police Protection in the States
239(2)
Police and Law Enforcement
241(3)
The Politics of Prosecution
244(1)
Crime and the Courts
245(2)
Crime and Deterrence
247(3)
State Prisons and Correctional Policies
250(6)
The Death Penalty
256(2)
Trivia: Packing a Gun in the States
258(2)
9 COMMUNITY POLITICAL SYSTEMS
260(31)
Communities as Settings for Politics
260(3)
Eighty-Six Thousand Governments: What They All Do
263(1)
County Governments: Rural and Urban
264(2)
The Structure of County Government
266(6)
Cities as "Municipal Corporations"
272(3)
Forms of City Government
275(4)
Types of Cities and Forms of Government
279(3)
Nonpartisan Elections
282(3)
At-Large and District Elections
285(3)
Trivia: The 100 Largest Governments in the United States
288(3)
10 STYLES OF COMMUNITY POLITICS
291(26)
Machines and Bosses
291(3)
Machine and Reform Politics in Chicago
294(5)
Reformers and Do-Gooders
299(3)
The Triumph of Reform?
302(2)
Reformism and Public Policy
304(2)
Privatization as Reform
306(2)
New Reforms: "Reinventing Government"
308(2)
Political Corruption
310(4)
The Radical Style: Politics in Berkeley
314(2)
Trivia: The Most Livable Cities
316(1)
11 PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY POLITICS
317(31)
Citizen Participation
317(3)
Big-City Politics
320(2)
Getting into Community Politics
322(4)
Women in Local Politics
326(1)
Minorities in Local Politics
327(3)
Council Members: Responsible Policy Makers?
330(2)
City Councils and Public Policy
332(1)
City Managers in Municipal Politics
333(2)
Mayors in City Politics
335(3)
Top Bananas in the Big Apple
338(4)
Interest Groups in City Politics
342(4)
The Power of Municipal Unions
346(2)
12 METROPOLITICS: CONFLICT IN THE METROPOLIS
348(27)
The Metropolis: Setting for Conflict
348(6)
Cities Versus Suburbs
354(3)
The Case for Metropolitan Consolidation
357(2)
The Case for "Fragmented" Government
359(2)
Metropolitan Government as Marketplace
361(1)
"Solutions" to the Metropolitan Problem
362(4)
The Politics of Metropolitan Consolidation
366(3)
The Concentration of Social Problems in the Inner City
369(1)
The Inner City: Racial Tensions and Rioting
370(4)
Trivia: Urban Stress: Rating Metropolitan Areas
374(1)
13 COMMUNITY POWER STRUCTURES
375(18)
Models of Community Power
375(1)
The Elite Model of Community Power
376(3)
The Pluralist Model of Community Power
379(1)
Different Approaches to the Study of Community Power
380(4)
Systemic Power and Strategic Advantage
384(2)
Economic Power in Communities
386(2)
Political Power in Communities
388(1)
Pluralism and Elitism Reconciled?
389(4)
14 POLITICS AND CIVIL RIGHTS
393(31)
From Protest to Power
393(2)
The Struggle Against Segregation
395(2)
State Resistance
397(2)
Busing and Racial Balancing in Schools
399(3)
Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Civil Rights Movement
402(2)
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
404(2)
Affirmative Action Battles
406(6)
Hispanic Power
412(1)
Native Americans and Tribal Government
412(5)
Americans with Disabilities
417(1)
Gender Equality
417(2)
Battles over Abortion
419(5)
15 THE POLITICS OF EDUCATION
424(32)
Goals in Educational Policy
424(1)
Educational Performance Measurement
425(3)
Educational Reform
428(4)
"Reinventing" Education
432(3)
The Limited Federal Role in Education
435(2)
Organizing Public Education in the States
437(1)
Battles over School Finances
438(3)
Governing Local Schools
441(1)
The School District Superintendents
442(1)
School Boards: Responsible Policy Makers?
443(2)
The Politics of Higher Education
445(6)
Reading, Writing, and Religion
451(2)
Trivia: The "Best-Educated" State Populations
453(3)
16 THE POLITICS OF PLANNING, HOUSING, AND TRANSPORTATION
456(24)
Controlling the Use of Land
456(3)
Planners in Politics
459(1)
Planning: Instruments of Control
460(4)
Planning Practices
464(1)
No-Growth Politics
465(2)
Housing and Community Development Policy
467(4)
National Transportation Policy
471(4)
State Transportation Politics
475(1)
Metropolitan Transportation
476(2)
Trivia: The Biggest Landowner in the States
478(2)
17 THE POLITICS OF POVERTY, WELFARE, AND HEALTH
480(21)
Poverty in America
480(2)
Who Are the Poor?
482(1)
Poverty as Inequality
483(3)
Federalism and Welfare Policy
486(3)
Overview of Welfare Policy
489(3)
Welfare Politics in the States
492(2)
Welfare Reform in the States
494(1)
Health Care Policy
495(3)
Politics and Health Care Reform
498(3)
18 THE POLITICS OF BUDGETING AND TAXATION
501(24)
An Overview of Government Finances
501(2)
Types of Taxes and Tax Politics
503(4)
Explaining State Tax Systems
507(2)
Revolting Against Taxes
509(3)
Explaining Tax Revolts
512(1)
City Fiscal Stress and Cutback Management
513(3)
The Politics of Budgeting
516(3)
When Ends Don't Meet: State and Local Debt
519(3)
Orange County Goes Bankrupt
522(1)
When a City Goes Bust
523(2)
PHOTO CREDITS525(2)
INDEX527

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