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Plant Science: Growth, Development, and Utilization of Cultivated Plants

ISBN: 9780136803072 | 0136803075
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 3/1/1988

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SummaryTable of Contents
This text is intended as an introductory horticulture course. Its approach is scientific and substantive.
Prefacexi
I PLANTS: STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION, GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, AND UTILIZATION1(288)
1 The Role of Higher Plants in the Living World
3(11)
... MORETHE DEPENDENCE OF ANIMALS UPON PLANTS FOR THEIR SURVIVAL
4(3)
Food Sources from Plants
4(3)
Oxygen from Plants
7(1)
FOSSIL FUELS FROM PLANTS
7(1)
PLANT PARTICIPATION WITH ANIMALS IN FOOD CHAINS
8(1)
THE ROLE OF PLANTS IN PREVENTING SOIL EROSION
8(1)
OTHER BENEFITS RECEIVED FROM PLANTS
8(3)
Wood and Wood Products from Timber Trees
8(1)
Textiles from Fiber-Producing Crops
9(1)
Drugs and Medicines
9(1)
Latex, Pitch, Waxes, Essential Oils, Perfumes, and Spices
10(1)
Plants for Aesthetic Purposes
11(1)
BENEFITS FROM LOWER FORMS OF PLANT LIFE
11(1)
SUMMARY
11(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
12(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
12(2)
2 Structure of Higher Plants
14(29)
THE LIFE CYCLE OF A CORN PLANT
14(2)
THE LIFE CYCLE OF A BEAN PLANT
16(1)
THE CELL
17(1)
CELL STRUCTURE
17(2)
PLANT TISSUES
19(5)
Meristematic Tissues
19(3)
Permanent Tissues
22(2)
THE PLANT BODY
24(17)
Roots
24(3)
Stems
27(4)
Stem Forms
31(1)
Leaves
32(3)
Buds
35(2)
Flowers
37(2)
Fruits
39(1)
Seeds
40(1)
SUMMARY
41(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
42(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
42(1)
3 Naming and Classifying Plants
43(13)
CLIMATIC AND RELATED CLASSIFICATIONS
43(1)
COMMON AND BOTANICAL NAMES
44(1)
DEVELOPMENT OF BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATIONS
45(1)
Kingdom
45(1)
Division
46(1)
Further Separation
46(1)
PLANT IDENTIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE
46(4)
Subspecific Categories
47(1)
Botanical Variety
48(1)
Cultivar
48(1)
Group
49(1)
Hybrid
49(1)
Family
49(1)
PLANT IDENTIFICATION KEY
50(4)
CHEMICAL TAXONOMY
54(1)
SUMMARY
54(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
55(1)
REFERENCES
55(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
55(1)
4 Origin, Domestication, and Improvement of Cultivated Plants
56(25)
ORIGIN OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
56(2)
DOMESTICATION OF PLANTS
58(2)
Methods of Plant Domestication
59(1)
EXAMPLES OF IMPROVEMENT IN SOME IMPORTANT CROP PLANTS
60(5)
Fruit Crops
63(2)
PLANT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS
65(1)
EVOLUTION AND DARWINISM
65(2)
SEARCHING FOR AND MAINTAINING NEW GERMPLASM
67(2)
Preservation of Desirable Germplasm
68(1)
BROADENING THE BASE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
69(1)
SOME BASIC GENETIC CONCEPTS IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT
70(6)
Chromosomes
70(2)
Genes
72(1)
Homologous Chromosomes
72(1)
Mitosis
72(1)
Meiosis and Fertilization
72(1)
Mutations
72(3)
Polyploidy
75(1)
Cytoplasmic Inheritance
76(1)
Genotype and Phenotype
76(1)
BIOTECHNOLOGY
76(2)
Genetic Engineering
76(1)
Micropropagation
77(1)
SUMMARY
78(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
78(1)
REFERENCES
78(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
79(2)
5 Propagation of Plants
81(36)
CHOICE OF PROPAGATION METHODS
82(1)
SEXUAL PROPAGATION
82(9)
Seed Production
84(1)
Seed Formation
84(1)
Seed Storage and Viability Testing
85(1)
Seed Dormancy
86(2)
Seed Germination
88(3)
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
91(22)
Propagation by Cuttings
96(7)
Propagation by Grafting and Budding
103(4)
Budding
107(2)
Effect of Rootstock on Growth and Development of the Scion Cultivar
109(1)
Layering
109(2)
Other Plant Structures Providing Natural Propagation Methods
111(1)
Propagation Using Specialized Stems and Roots
112(1)
MICROPROPAGATION
113(2)
SUMMARY
115(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
115(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
116(1)
6 Vegetative and Reproductive Growth and Development
117(28)
VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
117(9)
Shoot and Root Systems
117(1)
Definitions and Measurements
117(1)
Shoot Growth Patterns: Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials
118(2)
Root Growth Patterns
120(1)
How the Plant Grows
120(4)
Phase Change: Juvenility, Maturation, Senescence
124(2)
REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
126(8)
Flower Induction and Initiation
126(3)
Flower Development
129(1)
Pollination
129(2)
Fertilization
131(1)
Fruit Setting
131(2)
Fruit Growth and Development
133(1)
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
134(8)
Auxins
134(2)
Gibberellins (GA)
136(2)
Cytokinins
138(1)
Ethylene
138(2)
Inhibitors
140(2)
SUMMARY
142(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
142(1)
REFERENCES
143(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
144(1)
7 Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Translocation
145(23)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
145(13)
Properties of Photosynthesis in the Leaves of Higher Plants
147(1)
Energy Requirements for Photosynthesis: The Photolysis of Water
147(3)
Factors Affecting Rate of Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
150(3)
Plant Development and the Source-Sink Relationship
153(1)
The Plant as a Metabolic Machine
153(1)
Carbohydrate Synthesis
154(1)
The Photolysis of H(2)O and Photosynthetic Electron Transport
154(1)
The Pentose Phosphate Reductive Cycle
154(2)
C(3), C(4), and CAM Type Plants
156(1)
Photosynthetic Intermediate Flow: Chloroplast to Cytoplasm and Sucrose Synthesis
157(1)
PLANT RESPIRATION
158(4)
Factors Affecting Rates of Respiration
158(1)
Respiration Pathways
159(1)
Anaerobic Respiration
160(2)
ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM
162(1)
PHOTORESPIRATION
163(1)
ABSORPTION, TRANSLOCATION, AND ASSIMILATION
163(2)
Absorption and Conduction of Water
163(1)
Absorption and Transport of Mineral Nutrients
164(1)
Translocation of Sugars
165(1)
SUMMARY
165(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
166(1)
REFERENCES
166(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
167(1)
8 Soil and Soil Water
168(25)
DEFINITION OF SOIL
168(1)
FACTORS INVOLVED IN SOIL FORMATION
168(5)
Parent Material
169(1)
Climate
170(1)
Organic Fraction
171(1)
Topography
171(1)
Time
172(1)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL
173(6)
Soil Texture
173(1)
Soil Structure
174(5)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL
179(3)
Effect of Climate
179(1)
Cation Exchange Capacity
180(1)
Soil Acidity and Alkalinity
180(1)
Saline and Sodic Soils
181(1)
SOIL ORGANISMS
182(1)
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER
182(1)
Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio
183(1)
SOIL WATER
183(5)
Characteristics of Water
183(1)
Uses of Water in the Plant
184(1)
The Energy Concept of Soil Water
184(4)
WATER QUALITY
188(2)
Saline Water and Salinity
188(1)
Permeability
188(2)
Toxicity
190(1)
Other Related Problems
190(1)
SUMMARY
190(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
191(1)
REFERENCES
191(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
192(1)
9 Soil and Water Management and Mineral Nutrition
193(27)
LAND PREPARATION
193(6)
Plowing
193(2)
Disking
195(1)
Harrowing
195(1)
Listing
196(1)
Cultivation
196(1)
Deep Tillage
197(1)
Minimum Tillage
197(1)
Land Leveling
198(1)
Soil Fumigation
199(1)
IRRIGATION
199(5)
Amount and Measurement
200(1)
Methods of Application
200(4)
MINERAL NUTRITION
204(9)
Primary Nutrients
206(4)
Secondary Nutrients
210(1)
Micronutrients
211(2)
Chelating Agents
213(1)
SOIL CONSERVATION
213(4)
Extent of Erosion
214(1)
Methods of Conservation
215(1)
Wind Erosion
216(1)
SUMMARY
217(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
218(1)
REFERENCES
218(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
219(1)
10 Climatic Influences on Crop Production
220(17)
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
221(1)
CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT GROWTH
222(8)
Temperature
222(7)
Rainfall
229(1)
Light
229(1)
Length of Growing Season
230(1)
Air Movement
230(1)
CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS OF SOME CROP PLANTS
230(4)
Fruit and Nut Crops
230(1)
Grain Crops
231(1)
Sugar Crops
231(1)
Forage Crops
232(1)
Fiber Crops
233(1)
Vegetable Crops
233(1)
CLIMATIC INFLUENCES ON PLANT DISEASES
234(1)
CLIMATIC INFLUENCES ON INSECT PESTS
234(1)
SUMMARY
235(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
235(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
236(1)
11 Biological Competitors of Useful Plants
237(30)
WEEDS
238(4)
Modern Weed Control Methods
239(2)
Types of Weeds
241(1)
Herbicidal Control of Different Weed Types
242(1)
PLANT DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS
242(3)
Biological Control
243(1)
Control by Cultural Practices
243(1)
Government Agricultural Quarantine and Pest Eradication Programs
243(1)
Application of Pesticides
244(1)
PLANT DISEASES
245(6)
PARASITIC SEED PLANTS
251(2)
NEMATODES
253(1)
INSECTS AND MITES
254(8)
RODENTS AND VERTEBRATE WILDLIFE
262(1)
THE SAFE USE OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS--HERBICIDES, INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, MITICIDES, AND NEMATICIDES
262(2)
PESTICIDE IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
264(1)
Effects on Wildlife
264(1)
SUMMARY
264(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
265(1)
REFERENCES
265(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
266(1)
12 Harvest, Preservation, Transportation, Storage, and Marketing
267(22)
HARVESTING
267(7)
Functions of Harvesting Machinery and Equipment
268(1)
Mechanically Harvested Crops
268(6)
POSTHARVEST PRESERVATION
274(4)
Preservation by Cooling
272(3)
Preservation by Drying
275(1)
Preservation by Modified and Controlled Atmospheres
276(1)
Preservation by Processing
277(1)
STORAGE OF HARVESTED PRODUCTS
278(1)
Fruits and Vegetables
278(1)
Seeds
279(1)
Hay
279(1)
Silage
279(1)
MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
279(4)
The Process of Marketing
280(2)
Commodity Markets and Exchanges
282(1)
Governmental Marketing Services
282(1)
Agricultural Cooperatives
283(1)
Marketing Boards
283(1)
TRANSPORTING COMMODITIES
283(3)
Rail Transport
283(1)
Truck Transport
284(1)
Sea Transport
285(1)
Air Transport
286(1)
SUMMARY
286(1)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
287(1)
REFERENCES
287(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
288(1)
II AN OVERVIEW OF THE FRUIT CROPS AND ORNAMENTAL PLANTS289(198)
13 Cultural Practices in Orchards and Vineyards
291(28)
SITE SELECTION
291(3)
Climate
291(1)
Location and Soil Characteristics
292(1)
Irrigation Water--Quality and Availability
293(1)
Availability of Markets for the Crop
293(1)
Availability of Labor
293(1)
Costs in Establishing a Fruit Planting
294(1)
SELECTING FRUITING CULTIVARS AND ROOTSTOCKS
294(1)
PLANTING AND CULTURE
295(7)
Planting Arrangements
298(2)
Laying out an Orchard Planting
300(1)
Planting the Trees
300(2)
THE DEVELOPING FRUIT PLANTING
302(1)
PRUNING AND TRAINING
302(14)
Pruning Bearing Deciduous Fruit Trees
311(2)
Pruning and Training Young Broad-Leaf Evergreen Fruit Trees
313(1)
Pruning Bearing Broad-Leaved Evergreen Fruit Trees
313(1)
Pruning and Training Grapevines
314(2)
WEED CONTROL IN FRUIT PLANTINGS
316(1)
CULTIVATION AND IRRIGATION
316(1)
FERTILIZATION
316(1)
REFERENCES
317(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
318(1)
14 Flowering and Fruiting in Fruit Crops
319(15)
INITIATION OF FLOWER BUDS
319(4)
Temperate Zone Fruit Species
319(3)
Subtropical Fruit Species
322(1)
Tropical Fruit Species
322(1)
POLLINATION
323(2)
Flower Types
324(1)
Insects and Pollination
325(1)
FERTILIZATION AND FRUIT SETTING
325(1)
FRUIT THINNING
325(2)
Amount of Thinning
326(1)
Chemical Thinning
326(1)
Mechanical Thinning
327(1)
FRUIT GROWTH
327(1)
FRUIT MATURATION, RIPENING, AND SENESCENCE
327(5)
REFERENCES
332(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
333(1)
15 Landscape Trees: Deciduous, Broad- & Narrow-Leaved Evergreens
334(22)
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN SELECTING SUITABLE TREE SPECIES
342(1)
Temperature
342(1)
Light
342(1)
Moisture
343(1)
Wind
343(1)
CATEGORIES OF NURSERY TREES AVAILABLE FOR PLANTING
343(1)
Bare-Root Trees
343(1)
Balled and Burlapped Trees
343(1)
Container-Grown Trees
344(1)
WHAT TO LOOK FOR WHEN PURCHASING CONTAINER-GROWN TREES
344(2)
PLANTING THE TREE
346(4)
Care of the Newly Purchased Tree
346(1)
The Native Soil
347(1)
Preparing the Hole and Planting
347(1)
Mulching the Soil Surface
348(1)
Tree Staking and Trunk Protection
348(2)
Fertilizing Trees after Planting
350(1)
Irrigation after Planting
350(1)
Tree Care During the First Year--A Summary
350(1)
THE CARE OF ESTABLISHED TREES
350(1)
PRUNING
351(4)
Pruning Methods
352(2)
Container Growing of Evergreens
354(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
355(1)
16 Ornamental Shrubs: Deciduous, Broad- & Narrow-Leaved Evergreens
356(13)
THE AVAILABILITY OF SHRUBS
362(1)
PRUNING SHRUBS
362(4)
Flowering on One-Year-Old Wood
364(1)
Flowering on Current Year's Wood
365(1)
Pruning Nonflowering Shrubs
366(1)
PRUNING ROSE PLANTS
366(2)
Hybrid Tea Roses
366(1)
Floribunda and Polyantha Roses
367(1)
Climbing Roses
367(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
368(1)
17 Floriculture: Greenhouse Flowering Plants
369(19)
THE GREENHOUSE
369(1)
TEMPERATURES FOR GROWTH
370(1)
CONTROL OF FLOWERING
371(1)
CONTROL OF PLANT HEIGHT
371(2)
CARBON DIOXIDE FERTILIZATION
373(1)
MINERAL NUTRITION
373(1)
FLOWER CROPS
373(13)
Antirrhinum majus. Snapdragon
373(1)
Calceolaria crenatiflora. Calceolaria (pocket book plant)
374(1)
Chrysanthemum (XXX) morifolium. Chrysanthemum
374(2)
Cyclamen persicum. Cyclamen
376(1)
Dianthus caryophyllus. Carnation
377(1)
Euphorbia pulcherrima. Poinsettia
377(1)
Fuchsia (XXX) hybrida. Fuchsia
378(1)
Hydrangea macrophylla. Hydrangea
379(1)
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. Kalanchoe
380(1)
Lilium longiflorum. Easter lily
380(1)
Pelargonium x hortorum. Geranium
381(1)
Rhododendron obtusum. Kurume azalea
382(1)
Rosa hybrida. Hybrid tea rose
383(1)
Saintpaulia ionantha. African violet
384(1)
Senecio x hybridus. Florists' cineraria
385(1)
Sinningia speciosa. Gloxinia
386(1)
REFERENCES
386(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
387(1)
18 Floriculture: Houseplants
388(25)
GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION
388(10)
Light Intensity
389(5)
Temperature
394(1)
Relative Humidity
394(1)
Carbon Dioxide
394(1)
Water Quality
394(1)
Irrigation
395(1)
Mineral Nutrition
396(1)
Soil Mixtures
396(1)
Sanitation
397(1)
Insects and Other Pests
397(1)
Propagation
398(1)
HOME CARE OF HOUSEPLANTS
398(13)
Natural Light Intensity in the Home
404(1)
Artificial Lighting for Plant Maintenance and Growth
405(1)
Temperature for Growth
406(1)
Relative Humidity (RH) for Growth and Maintenance
407(1)
The Growing Medium
407(1)
Irrigation Frequency to Sustain Growth
408(1)
Cultural Problems
408(1)
Some Common Pests of Houseplants
408(3)
REFERENCES
411(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
412(1)
19 Herbaceous Ornamentals: Bedding Plants
413(18)
COMMERCIAL BEDDING PLANT PRODUCTION
414(10)
Seed Germination
415(3)
Transplanting Seedlings
418(1)
Hardening off Seedlings
418(1)
Growing Seedlings in Plugs
419(1)
Growing Mixes
419(2)
Mechanization of Operation
421(1)
Growth Regulators for Ornamentals
421(1)
Seedling Growth Under Controlled Light Conditions
422(1)
Photoperiodic Control of Growth and Flowering
423(1)
Scheduling
423(1)
USE OF ANNUAL BEDDING PLANTS BY THE HOME GARDENER
424(5)
Direct Seeding of Bedding Plants into the Garden
429(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
429(2)
20 Ornamentals Grown from Bulbs, Corms, Tubers, and Rhizomes
431(25)
STRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGY, AND DEVELOPMENT
437(7)
Hippeastrum
437(2)
Tulipa
439(1)
Narcissus
439(1)
Gladiolus
439(5)
Dahlia
444(1)
FLOWER INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT
444(3)
STORAGE AND FORCING TREATMENTS FOR GREENHOUSE FLOWERING
447(4)
Daffodils (Narcissus)
448(1)
Hyacinths (Hyacinthus)
448(1)
Tulips (Tulipa)
449(1)
Midcentury Hybrid Lilies (Lilium)
450(1)
FORCING SELECTED BULBS IN THE HOME
451(1)
GARDEN CULTURE OF BULBS AND BULB-LIKE STRUCTURES
452(2)
The Hardy Bulbs
452(2)
Semihardy Bulbs and Bulb-like Structures
454(1)
Tender Bulbs
454(1)
PESTS AND DISEASES
454(1)
REFERENCES
455(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
455(1)
21 Lawns and Turfgrasses
456(18)
JOHN H. MADISON, author
STRESS
456(1)
ESTABLISHING A TURF
457(1)
TURFGRASS STRUCTURE
457(1)
CHOOSING TURFGRASSES
457(6)
SOIL PREPARATION
463(1)
SEEDING RATES
464(1)
SEEDING DEPTH
465(1)
TIME TO SOW
465(1)
SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT
465(1)
SODDING
466(1)
MAINTENANCE GOALS
466(1)
PRINCIPAL TURF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
466(3)
Mowing
466(1)
Fertilizer
467(1)
Irrigation
468(1)
SECONDARY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
469(3)
Pest Control
469(3)
Summary of Management
472(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
472(2)
22 Landscaping for the Home and Community
474(13)
THE HOME LANDSCAPE
477(8)
Planning the Home Landscape
477(1)
Functional Uses of Plants in the Landscape
478(6)
Plant Selection
484(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
485(2)
III MAJOR AGRONOMIC, VEGETABLE, AND FRUIT CROPS487(150)
23 Agronomic Crops Grown for Food or Feed
489(17)
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
489(1)
Beans (Phaseolus spp., Vigna spp., Vicia spp.)
490(1)
Corn (Zea mays)
490(2)
Oats (Avena sativa)
492(1)
Rice (Oryza sativa)
493(3)
Wild Rice (Zizania palustris)
496(1)
Rye (Secale cereale)
497(1)
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
497(2)
Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris)
499(2)
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
501(1)
Triticale ((XXX) Tritiosecale)
502(1)
Wheat (Triticum spp.)
502(2)
REFERENCES
504(2)
24 Oil Crops
506(10)
Castor Bean (Ricinus communis)
507(1)
Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
507(1)
Corn (Zea mays)
507(1)
Cotton (Gossypium spp.)
507(1)
Flax (Linum usitatissimum)
507(1)
Olive (Olea europaea)
507(1)
Rape (Brassica spp.)
507(1)
Sesame (Sesamum indicum)
508(1)
Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis)
508(1)
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
508(2)
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
510(2)
Soybean (Glycine max)
512(1)
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
513(1)
REFERENCES
514(2)
25 Forage and Fiber Crops
516(19)
FORAGE CROPS
516(10)
Forage Grasses
519(1)
Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis)
519(1)
Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata)
519(1)
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
519(1)
Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea)
519(1)
Timothy (Phleum pratense)
519(1)
Bluegrass (Poa spp.)
519(1)
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)
520(1)
Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum)
520(1)
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)
520(1)
Crested Wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum)
520(1)
Intermediate Wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium)
520(1)
Corn (Zea mays)
520(1)
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
520(1)
Sudan Grass (Sorghum sudanese)
521(1)
Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)
521(1)
Forage Legumes
521(1)
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
521(1)
White Clover (Trifolium repens)
521(1)
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
522(1)
Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum)
522(1)
Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
522(1)
Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum)
522(1)
Lespedeza (Lespedeza spp.)
522(1)
Utilization of Forage Crops
523(3)
FIBER CROPS
526(7)
Plants Producing Surface-Fibers in Association with Floral Parts
526(1)
Cotton (Gossypium spp.)
526(6)
Kapok (Ceiba pentandra)
532(1)
Plants Producing Soft Stem-Fibers
532(1)
Flax (Linum usitatissimum)
532(1)
Hemp (Cannabis sativa)
532(1)
Jute (Corchorus capsularis and C. olitorius)
532(1)
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)
533(1)
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea)
533(1)
Plants Producing Hard Leaf-Fibers
533(1)
Agave (Agave sisalana)
533(1)
REFERENCES
533(2)
26 Vegetable Crops Grown for Fruits or Seeds
535(16)
Beans, Snap or Green (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Lima Beans (Phaseolus limensis)
535(1)
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
536(2)
Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
538(1)
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo, Reticulatus Group)
539(1)
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) [Hibiscus esculentus]
540(1)
Peas (Pisum sativum)
541(1)
Peppers (Capsicum annuum)
542(1)
Pumpkins and Squashes (Cucurbita spp.)
543(2)
Sweet Corn (Zea mays, var. rugosa)
545(1)
Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum]
546(2)
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) C. vulgaris
548(1)
REFERENCES
549(2)
27 Vegetable Crops Grown for Flowers, Leaves, or Stems
551(21)
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus)
551(2)
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)
553(1)
Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae, Italica Group)
554(1)
Brussels Sprouts (Brassica oleraceae, Gemmifera Group)
555(1)
Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae, Capitata Group)
556(1)
Cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae, Botrytis Group)
557(1)
Celery (Apium graveolens, var. dulce)
558(2)
Chive (Allium schoenoprasum)
560(1)
Collards and Kale (Brassica oleraceae, Acephala Group)
560(1)
Endive (Cichorium endivia)
561(1)
Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
561(1)
Kohlrabi (Brassica oleraceae, Gongylodes Group)
562(1)
Leek (Allium ampeloprasum, Porrum Group)
562(1)
Lettuce (Latuca sativa)
563(3)
Mustard (Brassica juncea, B. hirta, B. nigra)
566(1)
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
567(1)
Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum)
568(1)
Spinach (Spinacia oleraceae)
568(1)
Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris, Cicla Group)
569(1)
REFERENCES
570(2)
28 Vegetable Crops Grown for Underground Parts
572(15)
Beets (Beta vulgaris, Crassa Group)
572(1)
Carrots (Daucus carota)
573(1)
Celeriac (Apium graveolens, var. rapaceum)
574(1)
Garlic (Allium sativum)
574(1)
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
575(1)
Onions (Allium cepa)
576(2)
Parsnips (Pastinaca sativa)
578(1)
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)
579(2)
Radish (Raphanus sativus)
581(1)
Rutabaga (Brassica napus, Napobrassica Group)
582(1)
Salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius)
583(1)
Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)
583(2)
Turnip (Brassica rapa, Rapifera Group)
585(1)
REFERENCES
585(2)
29 Temperate Zone Fruit and Nut Crops
587(21)
Almond (Prunus dulcis) [Prunus amygdalus]
587(1)
Apple (Malus (XXX) domestica)
588(1)
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
589(1)
Blackberry (Rubus spp.)
589(1)
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)
590(1)
Cherry (Prunus avium and P. cerasus)
591(1)
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)
592(1)
Currant (Ribes spp.)
593(1)
Filbert (Corylus avellana)
593(1)
Gooseberry (Ribes spp.)
594(1)
Grape (Vitis spp.)
594(2)
Peach and Nectarine (Prunus persica)
596(2)
Pear (Pyrus spp.)
598(2)
Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
600(1)
Plum and Prune (Prunus spp.)
600(2)
Quince (Cydonia oblonga)
602(1)
Raspberry (Rubus spp.)
602(1)
Strawberry (Fragaria x Ananassa)
603(2)
Walnuts (Juglans spp.)
605(1)
REFERENCES
606(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
607(1)
30 Subtropical Fruit and Nut Crops
608(11)
Avocado (Persea americana)
608(1)
Citrus (Citrus spp.)
609(2)
Date (Phoenix dactylifera)
611(1)
Fig (Ficus carica)
612(2)
Kiwifruit (Chinese Gooseberry) (Actinidia deliciosa)
614(1)
Olive (Olea europaea)
614(2)
Persimmon (Diospyros spp.)
616(1)
Pistachio (Pistachia vera)
616(1)
Pomegranate (Punica granatum)
617(1)
REFERENCES
617(2)
31 Tropical Fruit and Nut Crops
619(18)
Banana (Musa acuminata)
619(2)
Cacao (Theobroma cacao)
621(2)
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale)
623(1)
Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
623(3)
Coffee (Coffea arabica)
626(1)
Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)
627(1)
Mango (Mangifera indica)
628(1)
Papaya (Cariaca papaya)
629(2)
Pineapple (Ananas comosus)
631(2)
SOME MINOR TROPICAL FRUITS AND NUTS
633(1)
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
633(1)
Cherimoya (Annona cherimola)
633(1)
Feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana)
633(1)
Guava (Psidium guajava)
633(1)
Litchi (Litchi chinensis)
633(1)
Passion Fruit (Granadilla) (Passiflora edulis)
634(1)
Surinam Cherry (Eugenia uniflora)
634(1)
REFERENCES
634(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
635(2)
Appendix637(12)
NUTRITIVE VALUES OF THE EDIBLE PART OF FOODS638(8)
METRIC CONVERSION CHART646(1)
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE647(1)
LIGHT CONVERSION TABLE648(1)
Glossary649(18)
Index667

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