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The Physics of Everyday Phenomena

ISBN: 9780072407488 | 0072407484
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Pub. Date: 7/1/2000

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Table of Contents
Prefacexi
Acknowledgmentsxiii
Physics, the Fundamental Science
1(15)
The Scientific Enterprise
... MORE(2)
The Scope of Physics
4(3)
The Case of the Malfunctioning Coffee Pot
5(2)
The Role of Measurement and Mathematics in Physics
7(2)
Physics and Everyday Phenomena
9(1)
How to Use the Features of This Book
10(6)
Sample Question: How Reliable Is Astrology?
12(1)
Sample Exercise: Conversions
12(1)
Summary
13(1)
Key Terms
13(1)
Questions
13(1)
Exercises
14(1)
Challenge Problem
14(1)
Home Experiment and Observation
14(2)
UNIT 1 The newtonian Revolution
Describing Motion
16(19)
Average and Instantaneous Speed
17(3)
Unit Conversions
18(2)
Velocity
20(1)
Acceleration
21(3)
Sample Exercise: Negative Accelerations
23(1)
Graphing Motion
24(3)
The 100-m Dash
26(1)
Uniform Acceleration
27(8)
Sample Exercise: Uniform Acceleration
29(1)
Summary
30(1)
Key Terms
31(1)
Questions
31(1)
Exercises
32(1)
Challenge Problems
33(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
34(1)
Falling Objects and Projectile Motion
35(19)
Acceleration Due to Gravity
36(3)
Tracking a Falling Object
39(2)
Sample Exercise: Throwing a Ball Downward
41(1)
Beyond Free Fall: Throwing a Ball Upward
41(2)
Sample Exercise: Throwing a Ball Upward
43(1)
Projectile Motion
43(3)
Sample Exercise: Projectile Motion
45(1)
Hitting a Target
46(8)
Shooting a Basketball
48(1)
Summary
49(1)
Key Terms
50(1)
Questions
50(2)
Exercises
52(1)
Challenge Problems
53(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
53(1)
Newton's Laws: Explaining Motion
54(20)
A Brief History
55(2)
Newton's First and Second Laws
57(3)
Sample Exercise: Finding the Net Force
59(1)
Mass and Weight
60(2)
Sample Exercise: Computing Weights
61(1)
Newton's Third Law
62(3)
Riding an Elevator
64(1)
Applications of Newton's Laws
65(9)
Sample Exercise: Connected Objects
68(1)
Summary
69(1)
Key Terms
69(1)
Questions
70(1)
Exercises
71(1)
Challenge Problems
72(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
73(1)
Circular Motion, the Planets, and Gravity
74(21)
Centripetal Acceleration
75(3)
Sample Exercise: Circular Motion of a Ball on a String
77(1)
Centripetal Forces
78(2)
Planetary Motion
80(4)
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
84(3)
Gravity, Your Weight, and the Weight of the Earth
86(1)
The Moon and Other Satellites
87(8)
Explaining the Tides
89(1)
Summary
90(1)
Key Terms
91(1)
Questions
91(2)
Exercises
93(1)
Challenge Problems
93(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
94(1)
Energy and Oscillations
95(20)
Simple Machines, Work, and Power
96(3)
Sample Exercise: How Much Work?
98(1)
Kinetic Energy
99(2)
Sample Exercise: Work and Kinetic Energy
100(1)
Potential Energy
101(2)
Sample Exercise: Potential Energy
101(2)
Conservation of Energy
103(4)
Sample Exercise: The Swing of a Pendulum
105(1)
Energy and the Pole Vault
106(1)
Springs and Simple Harmonic Motion
107(8)
Summary
110(1)
Key Terms
111(1)
Questions
111(1)
Exercises
112(1)
Challenge Problems
113(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
114(1)
Momentum and Impulse
115(19)
Momentum and Impulse
116(3)
Sample Exercise: The Momentum and Impulse of Golf
119(1)
Conservation of Momentum
119(2)
Sample Exercise: A Head-on Collision
121(1)
Recoil
121(2)
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
123(2)
Sample Exercise: When Railroad Cars Couple
124(1)
Collisions at an Angle
125(9)
An Automobile Collision
127(2)
Summary
129(1)
Key Terms
129(1)
Questions
130(1)
Exercises
131(1)
Challenge Problems
132(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
133(1)
Rotational Motion of Solid Objects
134(24)
What Is Rotational Motion?
135(3)
Sample Exercise: Rotating a Merry-Go-Round
137(1)
Torque and Balance
138(3)
Sample Exercise: Balancing a System
140(1)
Rotational Inertia and Newton's Second Law
141(3)
Sample Exercise: Turning a Merry-Go-Round and a Rider
144(1)
Conservation of Angular Momentum
144(4)
Sample Exercise: Some Physics of Figure Skating
146(1)
Achieving the State of Yo
147(1)
Riding a Bicycle and Other Amazing Feats
148(10)
Summary
151(1)
Key Terms
152(1)
Questions
152(1)
Exercises
153(1)
Challenge Problems
154(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
155(3)
UNIT 2 Fluids and Heat
The Behavior of Fluids
158(21)
Pressure and Pascal's Principle
159(3)
Sample Exercise: Some Basics of Jacks
161(1)
Atmospheric Pressure and the Behavior of Gases
162(3)
Sample Exercise: How Does a Gas Change with Pressure?
165(1)
Archimedes' Principle
165(3)
Fluids in Motion
168(3)
Bernoulli's Principle
171(8)
Throwing a Curve Ball
174(1)
Summary
175(1)
Key Terms
176(1)
Questions
176(1)
Exercises
177(1)
Challenge Problems
178(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
178(1)
Temperature and Heat
179(21)
Temperature and Its Measurement
180(3)
Heat and Specific Heat Capacity
183(3)
Sample Exercise: Changing Ice to Water
186(1)
Joule's Experiment and the First Law of Thermodynamics
186(3)
Sample Exercise: Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics
189(1)
Gas Behavior and the First Law
189(3)
The Flow of Heat
192(8)
Solar Collectors and the Greenhouse Effect
194(1)
Summary
195(1)
Key Terms
196(1)
Questions
197(1)
Exercises
198(1)
Challenge Problems
198(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
199(1)
Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
200(22)
Heat Engines
201(3)
Sample Exercise: How Efficient Is This Engine?
202(2)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
204(2)
Sample Exercise: Carnot Efficiency
205(1)
Refrigerators, Heat Pumps, and Entropy
206(3)
Thermal Power Plants and Energy Resources
209(3)
Perpetual Motion and Energy Frauds
212(10)
A Productive Pond
214(1)
Summary
215(1)
Key Terms
216(1)
Questions
216(1)
Exercises
217(1)
Challenge Problems
218(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
219(3)
UNIT 3 Electricity and Magnetism
Electrostatic Phenomena
222(21)
Effects of Electric Charge
223(3)
Insulators and Conductors
226(2)
The Electrostatic Force: Coulomb's Law
228(3)
Sample Exercise: Calculating Electrostatic Force
230(1)
The Electric Field
231(2)
Sample Exercise: An Electric Field
232(1)
Electric Potential
233(10)
Sample Exercise: Finding the Electric Potential
235(2)
Lightning
237(1)
Summary
238(1)
Key Terms
239(1)
Questions
239(1)
Exercises
240(1)
Challenge Problems
241(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
242(1)
Electric Circuits
243(25)
Electric Circuits and Electric Current
244(3)
Ohm's Law and Resistance
247(2)
Sample Exercise: Examining a Circuit's Current and Voltage
249(1)
Series and Parallel Circuits
249(5)
Sample Exercise: Resistance and Current of Light Bulbs in Parallel
253(1)
Electric Energy and Power
254(3)
Sample Exercise: Analyzing a Circuit
256(1)
Alternating Current and Household Circuits
257(11)
The Hidden Switch in Your Toaster
259(1)
Sample Exercise: Light-Bulb Physics
260(1)
Summary
261(1)
Key Terms
262(1)
Questions
263(2)
Exercises
265(1)
Challenge Problems
266(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
266(2)
Magnets and Electromagnetism
268(24)
Magnets and the Magnetic Force
269(3)
Magnetic Effects of Electric Currents
272(3)
Sample Exercise: Magnetic Force
275(1)
Magnetic Effects of Current Loops
275(4)
Direct-Current Motors
278(1)
Faraday's Law: Electromagnetic Induction
279(3)
Sample Exercise: How Much Voltage Is Induced?
281(1)
Generators and Transformers
282(10)
Summary
285(1)
Key Terms
286(1)
Questions
286(1)
Exercises
287(1)
Challenge Problems
288(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
288(4)
UNIT 4 Wave Motion and Optics
Making Waves
292(22)
Wave Pulses and Periodic Waves
293(2)
Waves on a Rope
295(3)
Sample Exercise: Making Waves
297(1)
Interference and Standing Waves
298(3)
Sample Exercise: Waves and Harmonics
300(1)
Sound Waves
301(4)
A Moving Car Horn and the Doppler Effect
304(1)
Electromagnetic Waves
305(9)
Sample Exercise: Frequencies of Two Kinds of Electromagnetic Waves
308(1)
Summary
309(1)
Key Terms
310(1)
Questions
310(1)
Exercises
311(1)
Challenge Problems
312(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
313(1)
Light and Image Formation
314(28)
Reflection and Image Formation
315(3)
Refraction of Light
318(4)
Rainbows
322(1)
Lenses and Image Formation
322(4)
Sample Exercise: A Virtual Magnified Image
325(1)
Eyeglasses, Microscopes, and Telescopes
326(5)
Interference and Diffraction of Light
331(11)
Sample Exercise: Working with the Double-Slit Experiment
333(2)
Summary
335(1)
Key Terms
336(1)
Questions
336(1)
Exercises
337(1)
Challenge Problems
338(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
338(4)
UNIT 5 The atom and its nucleus
The Structure of the Atom
342(24)
The Existence of Atoms: Evidence from Chemistry
343(4)
Cathode Rays, Electrons, and X Rays
347(4)
Electrons and Television
348(3)
Radioactivity and the Discovery of the Nucleus
351(3)
Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Model of the Atom
354(4)
Sample Exercise: Energy Levels in a Hydrogen Atom
358(1)
Particle Waves and Quantum Mechanics
358(8)
Summary
362(1)
Key Terms
363(1)
Questions
363(1)
Exercises
364(1)
Challenge Problems
364(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
365(1)
The Nucleus and Nuclear Energy
366(26)
The Structure of the Nucleus
367(3)
Radioactive Decay
370(4)
Radiation Exposure
373(1)
Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Fission
374(3)
Sample Exercise: Transforming Mass Energy into Kinetic Energy
375(2)
Nuclear Reactors
377(5)
What Happened at Chernobyl?
380(2)
Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Fusion
382(10)
Summary
386(1)
Key Terms
387(1)
Questions
387(1)
Exercises
388(1)
Challenge Problems
388(1)
Home Experiment and Observation
389(3)
UNIT 6 Relativity and Beyond
Relativity
392(23)
Relative Motion in Classical Physics
393(3)
The Speed of Light and Einstein's Postulates
396(4)
Time Dilation and Length Contraction
400(3)
Sample Exercise: A Contraction in Length
403(1)
Newton's Laws and Mass-Energy Equivalence
403(4)
Everyday Phenomenon of the Future Box 19.1 The Twin Paradox
404(2)
Sample Exercise: Adding Energy Adds Mass
406(1)
General Relativity
407(8)
Summary
411(1)
Key Terms
411(1)
Questions
412(1)
Exercises
413(1)
Challenge Problems
413(1)
Home Experiment and Observation
414(1)
Beyond Everyday Phenomena
415(22)
Quarks and Other Elementary Particles
416(4)
Cosmology and the Beginning of Time
420(2)
Semiconductors and Microelectronics
422(4)
Computers and Artificial Intelligence
426(2)
Superconductors and Other New Materials
428(9)
Holograms
431(2)
Summary
433(1)
Key Terms
433(1)
Questions
434(1)
Exercises
434(1)
Challenge Problems
435(1)
Home Experiments and Observations
435(2)
Appendix A Using Simple Algebra437(4)
Appendix B Decimal Fractions, Percentages, and Scientific Notation441(4)
Appendix C Vectors and Vector Addition445(6)
Appendix D Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Challenge Problems451(3)
Photo Credits454(1)
Glossary455(10)
Index465

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