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Physics

by: Walker, James S.

Physics

by: Walker, James S.

ISBN 13:
9780131536319
ISBN 10:
0131536311
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2007
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Summary

Walker uses an integrated "suite" of tools, worked Examples, Active Examples, and Conceptual Checkpoints, to make conceptual understanding an integral part of solving quantitative problems. The pedagogy and approach are based on over 20 years of teaching and reflect the results of physics education research.

Applications in the Text

xxiii

Preface: To the Instructor

xxvii

Preface: To the Student

xli

Guide to Features of the Text

xlii

Introduction to Physics

(16)

Physics and the Laws of Nature

(1)

Units of Length, Mass, and Time

(2)

Dimensional Analysis

(1)

Significant Figures

(3)

Converting Units

(2)

Order-of-Magnitude Calculations

(1)

Scalars and Vectors

(1)

Problem Solving in Physics

(6)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Conceptual Questions

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

(1)

Problems

(3)

PART I MECHANICS

One-Dimensional Kinematics

(38)

Position, Distance, and Displacement

(1)

Average Speed and Velocity

(4)

Instantaneous Velocity

(2)

Acceleration

(4)

Motion with Constant Acceleration

(6)

Applications of the Equations of Motion

(2)

Freely Falling Objects

(18)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

(1)

Conceptual Questions

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

(1)

Problems

(8)

Vectors in Physics

(24)

Scalars Versus Vectors

(1)

The Components of a Vector

(5)

Adding and Subtracting Vectors

(3)

Unit Vectors

(1)

Position, Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors

(4)

Relative Motion

(10)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Problem-Solving Summary

(1)

Conceptual Questions

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

(1)

Problems

(5)

Two-Dimensional Kinematics

(28)

Motion in Two Dimensions

(3)

Projectile Motion: Basic Equations

(1)

Zero Launch Angle

(5)

General Launch Angle

(4)

Projectile Motion: Key Characteristics

(14)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

(1)

Conceptual Questions

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

100

(1)

Problems

101

(6)

Newton's Laws of Motion

107

(34)

Force and Mass

108

(1)

Newton's First Law of Motion

108

(2)

Newton's Second Law of Motion

110

(8)

Newton's Third Law of Motion

118

(3)

The Vector Nature of Forces: Forces in Two Dimensions

121

(3)

Weight

124

(4)

Normal Forces

128

(13)

Chapter Summary

132

(1)

Problem-Solving Summary

133

(1)

Conceptual Questions

133

(2)

Conceptual Exercises

135

(1)

Problems

136

(5)

Applications of Newton's Laws

141

(38)

Frictional Forces

142

(8)

Strings and Springs

150

(4)

Translational Equilibrium

154

(4)

Connected Objects

158

(4)

Circular Motion

162

(17)

Chapter Summary

167

(1)

Problem-Solving Summary

168

(1)

Conceptual Questions

168

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

169

(1)

Problems

170

(9)

Work and Kinetic Energy

179

(25)

Work Done by a Constant Force

180

(6)

Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem

186

(4)

Work Done by a Variable Force

190

(5)

Power

195

(9)

Chapter Summary

197

(1)

Problem-Solving Summary

198

(1)

Conceptual Questions

199

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

199

(1)

Problems

200

(4)

Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy

204

(36)

Conservative and Nonconservative Forces

205

(3)

Potential Energy and the Work Done by Conservative Forces

208

(6)

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

214

(8)

Work Done by Nonconservative Forces

222

(5)

Potential Energy Curves and Equipotentials

227

(13)

Chapter Summary

230

(1)

Problem-Solving Summary

231

(1)

Conceptual Questions

231

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

232

(1)

Problems

233

(7)

Linear Momentum and Collisions

240

(41)

Linear Momentum

241

(2)

Momentum and Newton's Second Law

243

(1)

Impulse

244

(4)

Conservation of Linear Momentum

248

(5)

Inelastic Collisions

253

(6)

Elastic Collisions

259

(5)

Center of Mass

264

(5)

Systems with Changing Mass: Rocket Propulsion

269

(12)

Chapter Summary

271

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

273

(1)

Conceptual Questions

273

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

274

(1)

Problems

275

(6)

Rotational Kinematics and Energy

281

(34)

Angular Position, Velocity, and Acceleration

282

(4)

Rotational Kinematics

286

(3)

Connections Between Linear and Rotational Quantities

289

(5)

Rolling Motion

294

(1)

Rotational Kinetic Energy and the Moment of Inertia

295

(4)

Conservation of Energy

299

(16)

Chapter Summary

304

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

306

(1)

Conceptual Questions

307

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

307

(1)

Problems

308

(7)

Rotational Dynamics and Static Equilibrium

315

(43)

Torque

316

(3)

Torque and Angular Acceleration

319

(4)

Zero Torque and Static Equilibrium

323

(7)

Center of Mass and Balance

330

(3)

Dynamic Applications of Torque

333

(2)

Angular Momentum

335

(3)

Conservation of Angular Momentum

338

(5)

Rotational Work and Power

343

(1)

The Vector Nature of Rotational Motion

344

(14)

Chapter Summary

346

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

348

(1)

Conceptual Questions

348

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

348

(2)

Problems

350

(8)

Gravity

358

(36)

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

359

(3)

Gravitational Attraction of Spherical Bodies

362

(5)

Kepler's Laws of Orbital Motion

367

(7)

Gravitational Potential Energy

374

(3)

Energy Conservation

377

(7)

Tides

384

(10)

Chapter Summary

386

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

388

(1)

Conceptual Questions

388

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

388

(1)

Problems

389

(5)

Oscillations About Equilibrium

394

(36)

Periodic Motion

395

(1)

Simple Harmonic Motion

396

(3)

Connections Between Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion

399

(6)

The Period of a Mass on a Spring

405

(4)

Energy Conservation in Oscillatory Motion

409

(3)

The Pendulum

412

(6)

Damped Oscillations

418

(1)

Driven Oscillations and Resonance

419

(11)

Chapter Summary

421

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

423

(1)

Conceptual Questions

423

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

424

(1)

Problems

425

(5)

Waves and Sound

430

(46)

Types of Waves

431

(2)

Waves on a String

433

(3)

Harmonic Wave Functions

436

(1)

Sound Waves

437

(4)

Sound Intensity

441

(5)

The Doppler Effect

446

(6)

Superposition and Interference

452

(3)

Standing Waves

455

(8)

Beats

463

(13)

Chapter Summary

465

(3)

Problem-Solving Summary

468

(1)

Conceptual Questions

468

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

468

(1)

Problems

469

(7)

Fluids

476

(38)

Density

477

(1)

Pressure

477

(4)

Static Equilibrium in Fluids: Pressure and Depth

481

(5)

Archimedes' Principle and Buoyancy

486

(2)

Applications of Archimedes' Principle

488

(5)

Fluid Flow and Continuity

493

(2)

Bernoulli's Equation

495

(3)

Applications of Bernoulli's Equation

498

(3)

Viscosity and Surface Tension

501

(13)

Chapter Summary

504

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

506

(1)

Conceptual Questions

506

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

507

(1)

Problems

508

(6)

PART II THERMAL PHYSICS

Temperature and Heat

514

(34)

Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

515

(1)

Temperature Scales

516

(4)

Thermal Expansion

520

(6)

Heat and Mechanical Work

526

(2)

Specific Heats

528

(3)

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation

531

(17)

Chapter Summary

539

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

541

(1)

Conceptual Questions

541

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

542

(1)

Problems

543

(5)

Phases and Phase Changes

548

(37)

Ideal Gases

549

(6)

Kinetic Theory

555

(5)

Solids and Elastic Deformation

560

(5)

Phase Equilibrium and Evaporation

565

(6)

Latent Heats

571

(3)

Phase Changes and Energy Conservation

574

(11)

Chapter Summary

576

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

578

(1)

Conceptual Questions

578

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

579

(1)

Problems

579

(6)

The Laws of Thermodynamics

585

(40)

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

586

(1)

The First Law of Thermodynamics

586

(2)

Thermal Processes

588

(8)

Specific Heats for an Ideal Gas: Constant Pressure, Constant Volume

596

(4)

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

600

(1)

Heat Engines and the Carnot Cycle

600

(4)

Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps

604

(4)

Entropy

608

(4)

Order, Disorder, and Entropy

612

(2)

The Third Law of Thermodynamics

614

(11)

Chapter Summary

615

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

617

(1)

Conceptual Questions

617

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

618

(1)

Problems

619

(6)

PART III ELECTROMAGNETISM

Electric Charges, Forces, and Fields

625

(37)

Electric Charge

626

(3)

Insulators and Conductors

629

(1)

Coulomb's Law

630

(7)

The Electric Field

637

(6)

Electric Field Lines

643

(3)

Shielding and Charging by Induction

646

(3)

Electric Flux and Gauss's Law

649

(13)

Chapter Summary

653

(1)

Problem-Solving Summary

654

(1)

Conceptual Questions

655

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

655

(2)

Problems

657

(5)

Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy

662

(33)

Electric Potential Energy and the Electric Potential

663

(3)

Energy Conservation

666

(3)

The Electric Potential of Point Charges

669

(4)

Equipotential Surfaces and the Electric Field

673

(4)

Capacitors and Dielectrics

677

(6)

Electrical Energy Storage

683

(12)

Chapter Summary

685

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

687

(1)

Conceptual Questions

687

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

688

(1)

Problems

689

(6)

Electric Current and Direct-Current Circuits

695

(37)

Electric Current

696

(3)

Resistance and Ohm's Law

699

(3)

Energy and Power in Electric Circuits

702

(3)

Resistors in Series and Parallel

705

(6)

Kirchhoff's Rules

711

(3)

Circuits Containing Capacitors

714

(3)

RC Circuits

717

(3)

Ammeters and Voltmeters

720

(12)

Chapter Summary

721

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

723

(1)

Conceptual Questions

724

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

724

(2)

Problems

726

(6)

Magnetism

732

(36)

The Magnetic Field

733

(2)

The Magnetic Force on Moving Charges

735

(4)

The Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field

739

(5)

The Magnetic Force Exerted on a Current-Carrying Wire

744

(2)

Loops of Current and Magnetic Torque

746

(2)

Electric Currents, Magnetic Fields, and Ampere's Law

748

(4)

Current Loops and Solenoids

752

(3)

Magnetism in Matter

755

(13)

Chapter Summary

757

(3)

Problem-Solving Summary

760

(1)

Conceptual Questions

760

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

760

(2)

Problems

762

(6)

Magnetic Flux and Faraday's Law of Induction

768

(35)

Induced Electromotive Force

769

(1)

Magnetic Flux

770

(2)

Faraday's Law of Induction

772

(3)

Lenz's Law

775

(3)

Mechanical Work and Electrical Energy

778

(3)

Generators and Motors

781

(3)

Inductance

784

(3)

RL Circuits

787

(1)

Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field

788

(2)

Transformers

790

(13)

Chapter Summary

793

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

795

(1)

Conceptual Questions

795

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

796

(1)

Problems

797

(6)

Alternating-Current Circuits

803

(34)

Alternating Voltages and Currents

804

(5)

Capacitors in AC Circuits

809

(3)

RC Circuits

812

(5)

Inductors in AC Circuits

817

(3)

RLC Circuits

820

(4)

Resonance in Electrical Circuits

824

(13)

Chapter Summary

829

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

831

(1)

Conceptual Questions

831

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

831

(1)

Problems

832

(5)

PART IV LIGHT AND OPTICS

Electromagnetic Waves

837

(33)

The Production of Electromagnetic Waves

838

(3)

The Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves

841

(4)

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

845

(4)

Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves

849

(4)

Polarization

853

(17)

Chapter Summary

860

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

862

(1)

Conceptual Questions

863

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

863

(1)

Problems

864

(6)

Geometrical Optics

870

(39)

The Reflection of Light

871

(1)

Forming Images with a Plane Mirror

872

(3)

Spherical Mirrors

875

(2)

Ray Tracing and the Mirror Equation

877

(7)

The Refraction of Light

884

(7)

Ray Tracing for Lenses

891

(3)

The Thin-Lens Equation

894

(2)

Dispersion and the Rainbow

896

(13)

Chapter Summary

898

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

900

(1)

Conceptual Questions

900

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

901

(1)

Problems

902

(7)

Optical Instruments

909

(28)

The Human Eye and the Camera

910

(3)

Lenses in Combination and Corrective Optics

913

(6)

The Magnifying Glass

919

(4)

The Compound Microscope

923

(1)

Telescopes

924

(3)

Lens Aberrations

927

(10)

Chapter Summary

928

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

930

(1)

Conceptual Questions

930

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

930

(1)

Problems

931

(6)

Physical Optics: Interference and Diffraction

937

(33)

Superposition and Interference

938

(2)

Young's Two-Slit Experiment

940

(4)

Interference in Reflected Waves

944

(6)

Diffraction

950

(4)

Resolution

954

(3)

Diffraction Gratings

957

(13)

Chapter Summary

961

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

963

(1)

Conceptual Questions

963

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

964

(1)

Problems

964

(6)

PART V MODERN PHYSICS

Relativity

970

(33)

The Postulates of Special Relativity

971

(1)

The Relativity of Time and Time Dilation

972

(6)

The Relativity of Length and Length Contraction

978

(3)

The Relativistic Addition of Velocities

981

(2)

Relativistic Momentum

983

(3)

Relativistic Energy and E = mc2

986

(5)

The Relativistic Universe

991

(1)

General Relativity

991

(12)

Chapter Summary

995

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

997

(1)

Conceptual Questions

998

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

998

(1)

Problems

998

(5)

Quantum Physics

1003

(31)

Blackbody Radiation and Planck's Hypothesis of Quantized Energy

1004

(3)

Photons and the Photoelectric Effect

1007

(6)

The Mass and Momentum of a Photon

1013

(1)

Photon Scattering and the Compton Effect

1014

(3)

The de Broglie Hypothesis and Wave-Particle Duality

1017

(4)

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

1021

(4)

Quantum Tunneling

1025

(9)

Chapter Summary

1026

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

1028

(1)

Conceptual Questions

1028

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

1029

(1)

Problems

1030

(4)

Atomic Physics

1034

(37)

Early Models of the Atom

1035

(1)

The Spectrum of Atomic Hydrogen

1036

(3)

Bohr's Model of the Hydrogen Atom

1039

(7)

de Broglie Waves and the Bohr Model

1046

(1)

The Quantum Mechanical Hydrogen Atom

1047

(3)

Multielectron Atoms and the Periodic Table

1050

(5)

Atomic Radiation

1055

(16)

Chapter Summary

1064

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

1066

(1)

Conceptual Questions

1067

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

1067

(1)

Problems

1067

(4)

Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Radiation

1071

The Constituents and Structure of Nuclei

1072

(4)

Radioactivity

1076

(7)

Half-Life and Radioactive Dating

1083

(6)

Nuclear Binding Energy

1089

(1)

Nuclear Fission

1090

(3)

Nuclear Fusion

1093

(2)

Practical Applications of Nuclear Physics

1095

(4)

Elementary Particles

1099

(3)

Unified Forces and Cosmology

1102

Chapter Summary

1103

(2)

Problem-Solving Summary

1105

(1)

Conceptual Questions

1106

(1)

Conceptual Exercises

1106

(1)

Problems

1107

Appendices

Ap pendix A. Basic Mathematical Tools

(10)

Appendix B. Typical Values

(1)

Appendix C. Planetary Data

(1)

Appendix D. Elements of Electrical Circuits

(1)

Appendix E. Periodic Table of the Elements

(1)

Appendix F. Properties of Selected Isotopes

Answers to Your Turn Problems

(4)

Answers to Odd-Numbered Conceptual Questions

(8)

Answers to Odd-Numbered Conceptual Exercises

(10)

Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

Photo Credits

(1)

Index

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Physics

Physics

9780131536319

0131536311

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Physics

Physics

9780131536319

0131536311

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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