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Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences

by: Hammes, Gordon G.

Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences

by: Hammes, Gordon G.

ISBN 13:
9780470122020
ISBN 10:
0470122021
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 04/10/2007
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
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Summary

Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences provides an excellent resource for biochemistry and biology/health science professionals and students who need a basic understanding of thermodynamics, kinetics, hydrodynamics of macromolecules, and spectroscopy in order to explore molecular structure and chemical reactions. Approachable, yet thorough, the book presents physical chemistry in conceptual terms with a minimum of mathematics.

Preface	p. v
Thermodynamics	p. 1
Heat, Work, and Energy	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Temperature	p. 4
Heat	p. 5
Work	p. 6
Definition of Energy	p. 9
Enthalpy	p. 11
Standard States	p. 12
Calorimetry	p. 13
Reaction Enthalpies	p. 16
Temperature Dependence of the Reaction Enthalpy	p. 18
References	p. 19
Problems	p. 20
Entropy and Free Energy	p. 22
Introduction	p. 22
Statement of the Second Law	p. 23
Calculation of the Entropy	p. 25
Third Law of Thermodynamics	p. 27
Molecular Interpretation of Entropy	p. 28
Free Energy	p. 29
Chemical Equilibria	p. 31
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of the Free Energy	p. 34
Phase Changes	p. 36
Additions to the Free Energy	p. 38
Problems	p. 39
Applications of Thermodynamics to Biological Systems	p. 42
Biochemical Reactions	p. 42
Metabolic Cycles	p. 44
Direct Synthesis of ATP	p. 48
Establishment of Membrane Ion Gradients by Chemical Reactions	p. 49
Protein Structure	p. 51
Protein Folding	p. 57
Nucleic Acid Structures	p. 60
DNA Melting	p. 63
RNA	p. 67
References	p. 68
Problems	p. 69
Chemical Kinetics	p. 73
Principles of Chemical Kinetics	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Reaction Rates	p. 77
Determination of Rate Laws	p. 79
Radioactive Decay	p. 82
Reaction Mechanisms	p. 83
Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants	p. 86
Relationship between Thermodynamics and Kinetics	p. 90
Reaction Rates Near Equilibrium	p. 91
References	p. 94
Problems	p. 94
Applications of Kinetics to Biological Systems	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
Enzyme Catalysis: The Michaelis-Menten Mechanism	p. 97
[alpha]-Chymotrypsin	p. 102
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase	p. 109
Ribozymes	p. 112
DNA Melting and Renaturation	p. 116
References	p. 122
Problems	p. 123
Spectroscopy	p. 127
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy	p. 129
Introduction	p. 129
Quantum Mechanics	p. 130
Particle in a Box	p. 133
Properties of Waves	p. 137
References	p. 141
Problems	p. 141
X-ray Crystallography	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Scattering of X rays by a Crystal	p. 144
Structure Determination	p. 146
Neutron Diffraction	p. 150
Nucleic Acid Structure	p. 151
Protein Structure	p. 153
Enzyme Catalysis	p. 155
References	p. 157
Problems	p. 157
Electronic Spectra	p. 159
Introduction	p. 159
Absorption Spectra	p. 160
Ultraviolet Spectra of Proteins	p. 162
Nucleic Acid Spectra	p. 164
Prosthetic Groups	p. 165
Difference Spectroscopy	p. 167
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy	p. 170
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence	p. 171
RecBCD: Helicase Activity Monitored by Fluorescence	p. 174
Fluorescence Energy Transfer: A Molecular Ruler	p. 175
Application of Energy Transfer to Biological Systems	p. 177
Dihydrofolate Reductase	p. 180
References	p. 181
Problems	p. 182
Circular Dichroism, Optical Rotary Dispersion, and Fluorescence Polarization	p. 186
Introduction	p. 186
Optical Rotary Dispersion	p. 188
Circular Dichroism	p. 189
Optical Rotary Dispersion and Circular Dichroism of Proteins	p. 190
Optical Rotation and Circular Dichroism of Nucleic Acids	p. 192
Small Molecule Binding to DNA	p. 194
Protein Folding	p. 196
Interaction of DNA with Zinc Finger Proteins	p. 199
Fluorescence Polarization	p. 201
Integration of HIV Genome into Host Genome	p. 202
[alpha]-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase	p. 203
References	p. 206
Problems	p. 206
Vibrations in Macromolecules	p. 210
Introduction	p. 210
Infrared Spectroscopy	p. 212
Raman Spectroscopy	p. 213
Structure Determination with Vibrational Spectroscopy	p. 215
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy	p. 218
Structure of Enzyme-Substrate Complexes	p. 220
References	p. 221
Problems	p. 221
Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance	p. 223
Introduction	p. 223
NMR Spectrometers	p. 226
Chemical Shifts	p. 227
Spin-Spin Splitting	p. 229
Relaxation Times	p. 232
Multidimensional NMR	p. 234
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 240
Electron Spin Resonance	p. 241
References	p. 244
Problems	p. 244
Applications of Magnetic Resonance to Biology	p. 248
Introduction	p. 248
Regulation of DNA Transcription	p. 248
Protein-DNA Interactions	p. 251
Dynamics of Protein Folding	p. 252
RNA Folding	p. 254
Lactose Permease	p. 257
Conclusion	p. 260
References	p. 260
Special Topics	p. 263
Ligand Binding to Macromolecules	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Binding of Small Molecules to Multiple Identical Binding Sites	p. 265
Macroscopic and Microscopic Equilibrium Constants	p. 268
Statistical Effects in Ligand Binding to Macromolecules	p. 269
Experimental Determination of Ligand Binding Isotherms	p. 273
Binding of Cro Repressor Protein to DNA	p. 276
Cooperativity in Ligand Binding	p. 279
Models for Cooperativity	p. 281
Kinetic Studies of Cooperative Binding	p. 287
Allosterism	p. 289
References	p. 292
Problems	p. 292
Hydrodynamics of Macromolecules	p. 295
Introduction	p. 295
Frictional Coefficient	p. 295
Diffusion	p. 298
Centrifugation	p. 301
Velocity Sedimentation	p. 302
Equilibrium Centrifugation	p. 305
Preparative Centrifugation	p. 307
Density Centrifugation	p. 307
Viscosity	p. 309
Electrophoresis	p. 310
Peptide-Induced Conformational Change of a Major Histocompatibility Complex Protein	p. 312
Ultracentrifuge Analysis of Protein-DNA Interactions	p. 315
References	p. 316
Problems	p. 316
Mass Spectrometry	p. 320
Introduction	p. 320
Mass Analysis	p. 320
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS)	p. 323
Ion Detectors	p. 324
Ionization of the Sample	p. 325
Sample Preparation/Analysis	p. 327
Proteins and Peptides	p. 329
Protein Folding	p. 331
Other Biomolecules	p. 334
References	p. 335
Problems	p. 335
Appendices	p. 337
Useful Constants and Conversion Factors	p. 339
Structures of the Common Amino Acids at Neutral pH	p. 340
Common Nucleic Acid Components	p. 342
Standard Free Energies and Enthalpies of Formation at 298 K, 1 atm, pH 7, and 0.25 M Ionic Strength	p. 343
Standard Free Energy and Enthalpy Changes for Biochemical Reactions at 298 K, 1 atm, pH 7.0, pMg 3.0, and 0.25 M Ionic Strength	p. 345
Index	p. 347
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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences

Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences

9780470122020

0470122021

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences

Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences

9780470122020

0470122021

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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