This is the only book to consider optimization problems in which phase field distributions are used as optimizing functions. The mathematical technique used relates to nonlinear integral equations, with numerical methods developed and applied to concrete problems. Written by a team of outstanding and renowned experts in the field, this monograph will appeal to all those dealing with the investigation, design, and optimization of electromagnetic and acoustic radiating and transmitting devices and systems, while also being of interest to mathematicians working on the theory of nonlinear equations.