Rent 9780495509325 | The Path of Philosophy Truth, Wonder, and Distress

Summary Table of Contents

The Path of Philosophy introduces you to the study of philosophy through a compelling narrative in which the world's most important philosophers appear as characters. The text traces the history of western philosophy from its beginnings in ancient Greece to contemporary developments in the modern world. Threads running through the text demonstrate how philosophy is unique and distinct from religion and science, while at the same time showing how all three disciplines are interrelated. Exceptionally well written, and unusual in its cohesiveness, the text leaves you with a vivid picture of philosophy as a unique and spiritually important field of study.

Preface	p. xii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Introduction	p. xix
Analytic and Continental Styles of Philosophizing	p. xx
The Love of Wisdom	p. xxiii
Religion, Science, and Philosophy	p. xxiv
What Is Philosophy?	p. xxv
Philosophy as Wondrous Distress	p. xxvii
Myth, Science, Philosophy, and the Presocratics	p. 1
Mythic... MORE Thinking	p. 2
Presocratic Thinking	p. 6
The Milesian School: Thales and Anaximander	p. 6
Heraclitus	p. 10
Parmenides and the Eleatic School	p. 12
The Atomist School: Democritus and Leucippus	p. 15
From Mere Wonder to Wondrous Distress	p. 18
Socrates	p. 22
The Difficulty of Perspective	p. 22
Plato's Socrates	p. 24
The Influence of Anaxagoras	p. 24
Socrates' Inward Turn	p. 26
The Socratic Method	p. 27
The Trial of Socrates	p. 29
Xenophon's Socrates	p. 31
Aristophanes' Socrates	p. 35
The Wondrous Distress of Socrates	p. 38
Plato	p. 42
Plato's Divergence from Socrates	p. 43
The Divided Line	p. 46
The Myth of the Cave	p. 51
Plato's Perfect Republic	p. 55
Plato and Art	p. 58
Wonder and Distress in Platonic Thinking	p. 61
Aristotle	p. 64
Aristotle's Break with Plato	p. 65
Aristotle and the Nature of Change	p. 68
The Four Causes	p. 70
Aristotle's Logic	p. 74
The First Mover	p. 76
Rationality, Emotion, and the Golden Mean	p. 78
Aristotle's Philosophy of Art	p. 80
Aristotle and Wondrous Distress	p. 84
The Hellenistic Philosophers	p. 89
The Decline of Greek Power and Hellenistic Negativity	p. 91
Cynicism	p. 93
Stoicism	p. 96
Epicureanism	p. 101
Skepticism	p. 103
Suicide and Hellenistic Philosophy	p. 106
Wonder and Distress in Hellenistic Philosophy	p. 107
Medieval Philosophy	p. 111
The Patriarch Abraham and the Convenant with God	p. 112
Jesus	p. 113
Muhammad	p. 116
St. Augustine	p. 118
The Question of Evil	p. 121
Islamic Contributions to Early Medieval Thought	p. 124
Al-Kindi and Neoplatonism	p. 124
Al-Farabi	p. 125
Avicenna	p. 126
Averroes	p. 127
Christian a Priori and a Posteriori Arguments for God's Existence	p. 127
St. Anselm	p. 128
The Ontological Argument	p. 129
Criticisms of the Ontological Argument	p. 131
St. Thomas Aquinas	p. 132
The Five Arguments for God's Existence	p. 134
Criticisms of Aquinas' Five Arguments	p. 136
Wondrous Distress in Medieval Thought	p. 139
Ren� Descartes and the Transition from Medieval to Modern Thinking	p. 143
The Conflict between Science and Religion in the Early Modern Period	p. 145
Modern Developments in Astronomy	p. 146
The Geocentric Model of the Universe	p. 147
The Heliocentric Model of the Universe	p. 151
Ren� Descartes	p. 157
The Cartesian Method	p. 158
Meditations on First Philosophy	p. 159
	p. 160
	p. 163
	p. 164
	p. 168
	p. 170
	p. 172
Descartes and Wondrous Distress	p. 173
Hume	p. 179
The Mind/Body Problem	p. 180
"Solutions" to the Mind/Body Problem	p. 180
Thomas Hobbes and Materialism	p. 182
George Berkeley and Idealism	p. 183
Arnold Geulincx, Nicholas Malebranche, and Occasionalism	p. 184
Gottfried Leibniz, Baruch Spinoza, and Monism	p. 185
David Hume and the Empiricist Rejection of Cartesian Metaphysics	p. 189
John Locke	p. 189
The Good-Natured Hume	p. 191
An Inquiry concerning Human Understanding	p. 193
Impressions, Simple Ideas, and Complex Ideas	p. 194
Relations of Ideas and Matters of Fact	p. 196
The Ideas of God and the Self	p. 199
Hume's Skeptical Empiricism	p. 200
An Inquiry concerning the Principles of Morals	p. 202
Utility	p. 203
Hume and Wondrous Distress	p. 206
Kant's Transcendental Idealism	p. 211
Totalizers versus Critics	p. 212
The Awakening of Kant	p. 214
The Critique of Pure Reason	p. 216
The Phenomenal and Noumenal Worlds	p. 217
The a Priori Intuitions of Time and Space	p. 218
The Categories of the Understanding	p. 220
Transcendental Idealism and the Impossibility of Metaphysics	p. 224
The Regulative Function of Transcendental Ideas	p. 226
The Critique of Practical Reason	p. 227
The Good Will	p. 228
Hypothetical versus Categorical Imperative	p. 228
The Critique of Judgment	p. 232
Beauty	p. 233
Sublimity	p. 235
Kant's Wondrous Distress	p. 236
Hegel and the Manifestations of Geist	p. 239
The Difficulty of Hegel's Philosophy	p. 241
Hegel's Vision of Unity	p. 243
The Phenomenology of Spirit	p. 247
Lordship and Bondage	p. 248
Stoicism, Skepticism, and the Unhappy Consciousness	p. 250
Dialectical Logic	p. 252
The Abstract Side	p. 254
The Dialectical Side	p. 254
The Speculative Side	p. 255
Absolute Knowing	p. 256
The Doctrine of Being	p. 257
God	p. 259
Hegel's Influence	p. 261
Right, Center, and Left Hegelianism	p. 261
Ludwig Feuerbach	p. 262
Max Stimer	p. 263
Karl Marx	p. 265
Wondrous Distress in Hegelian Philosophy	p. 267
Happiness, Suffering, and Pessimism in Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Mill	p. 272
S�ren Kierkegaard: The Knight of Faith	p. 275
The Sickness Unto Death	p. 277
Fear and Trembling	p. 279
Schopenhauer's Synthesis of Plato, Kant, and Hinduism	p. 282
Piercing the Veil of the Thing-in-Itself	p. 285
The Will	p. 287
Anxiety, Suffering, and Distress	p. 289
Friedrich Nietzsche and Positive Nihilism	p. 294
The Will to Power	p. 295
The Superman and the Death of God	p. 297
Beyond Good and Evil: Nietzsche contra Utilitarianism	p. 301
The Greatest Happiness Principle	p. 301
Wonder and Distress in Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Mill	p. 304
Common Sense and Anglo-American Philosophy	p. 311
The Reaction against Hegel	p. 312
William James	p. 313
Pragmatism	p. 315
The Tender- and the Tough-Minded	p. 316
The Pragmatic Method	p. 317
The Pragmatic Theory of Truth	p. 320
Religion	p. 323
Bertrand Russell	p. 327
Russell's Rejection of Hegel	p. 328
Logical Atomism	p. 329
Epistemology	p. 334
Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description	p. 338
The Role of Philosophy	p. 340
Ludwig Wittgenstein	p. 341
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus	p. 342
Philosophical Investigations	p. 346
Wondrous Distress in Anglo-American Philosophy	p. 349
Existentialism and the Return to Being	p. 355
Nationalism, Imperialism, Technology, and War	p. 356
Nihilism and the Decline of Civilization	p. 357
Friedrich Nietzsche	p. 357
Oswald Spengler	p. 358
Totalitarianism	p. 360
The Muselmann	p. 361
Martin Heidegger	p. 362
The Question of Being	p. 362
Dasein	p. 364
Being-toward-Death	p. 366
Inauthenticity and Technological Thinking	p. 367
Authenticity	p. 369
Heidegger and Nazism	p. 370
Jean-Paul Sartre	p. 374
Being-in-Itself and Being-for-Itself	p. 374
Freedom and Bad Faith	p. 376
Simone de Beauvoir	p. 378
The Second Sex	p. 378
Otherness	p. 381
Women and Biology	p. 382
Wondrous Distress in Existentialism	p. 385
Conclusion: Philosophy and Wondrous Distress	p. 392
Glossary	p. 401
Bibliography	p. 421
Index	p. 427
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