9780130996480

In Our Times: America Since World War II, Seventh Edition, is a revised and updated version of this widely used book, which has been popular in both survey courses in U.S. history and in more specialized courses. A clearly written, interpretive narrative, the book interrelates trends in foreign affairs, mass culture, social history, gender politics, civil rights, economics, and political culture. This new edition features Reorganized chapters that enhance clarity and expertly interweave politics, culture, and foreign policy. Significant expansion of material on the 1980s and 1990s, including the "conservative turn," the emergence of "new Democrats," the economic boom of the 1990s, and the new place of immigration in American life. New and more numerous pictures, charts, and maps Updated bibliographies Enhanced attention to mass culture, already one of the most popular features of the book

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Norman and Emily Rosenberg are DeWitt Wallace Professors of History at Macalester College and have researched and published widely in twentieth century American history.

Preface

xi

The World's Superpower

1

(24)

Collapse of the Old Order, Rise of the New

1

(4)

Reconstructing an International Economic System

3

(1)

Creating the United Nations

4

(1)

The Onset of the Cold War

5

(5)

Mounting Distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union

6

(2)

Cold War Aid Programs

8

(2)

Cold War Crises

10

(6)

The Berlin Crisis

10

(1)

The Chinese Revolution

11

(1)

The Anti-Communist Crusade

12

(1)

The Korean War

13

(3)

Shifts in Policy Making

16

(4)

Foreign Policies in New Areas of Concern

17

(1)

The Diplomacy of Culture

18

(2)

A Foreign Policy Establishment

20

(5)

Postwar Adjustments, 1946--1953

25

(34)

The Reconversion from War to Peace

25

(11)

Wartime-Tensions, Postwar Fears

25

(4)

1946: Inflation, Black Markets, Strikes, and a National Election

29

(2)

Truman Under Fire

31

(2)

1948: ``Truman Beats Dewey!''

33

(3)

The Fair Deal

36

(5)

Truman's Domestic Program

36

(1)

The Fair Deal: An Assessment

37

(2)

Civil Rights During the Truman Era

39

(2)

Anticommunism at Home

41

(7)

The ``Age of Surveillance''

41

(1)

Debating the Threat of Communist Subversion

42

(1)

Anti-Communist Initiatives during the Truman Years

43

(3)

McCarthyism

46

(1)

Anticommunism and Culture during the Cold War

47

(1)

The Promise and Perils of Progress

48

(11)

Science and Technology

49

(4)

Agriculture

53

(1)

``Selling Out'' and the End of the Truman Era

54

(5)

Eisenhower Republicanism

59

(25)

Domestic Politics

59

(8)

The Elections of 1952 and 1956

59

(1)

A ``Hidden-Hand'' Presidency?

60

(3)

Eisenhower and the Corporate Commonwealth

63

(3)

The Critical Culture of the 1950s

66

(1)

Republican Foreign Policies

67

(7)

The New Look

67

(2)

Korea

69

(1)

Summitry

70

(2)

Challenges to Superpower Dominance

72

(2)

The Third World and the Cold War

74

(6)

Vietnam

75

(2)

Intervention: Iran, Guatemala, Lebanon, Cuba

77

(3)

Reevaluation

80

(4)

Life During the 1950s

84

(34)

Gender and Family

84

(10)

The Baby Boom and the New Family Ideal

85

(1)

The New Suburbs

86

(2)

Women's Work and Domesticity

88

(2)

Organization Men and Women

90

(1)

Sexual Politics

90

(4)

Commercial Culture

94

(11)

Travel and Sports

94

(2)

The Hollywood Motion Picture Industry

96

(3)

Television

99

(2)

Rock around the Clock: The Cultures of Youth

101

(2)

The Mass Culture Debate of the 1950s

103

(1)

The Mass Culture Debate Revisited

104

(1)

Race, Ethnicity, and Urban Issues

105

(13)

African Americans

105

(3)

Puerto Ricans

108

(1)

Mexican Americans

109

(1)

American Indians

110

(2)

Urban Life and the ``Invisible Poor''

112

(6)

The Promise and Perils of the 1960s

118

(48)

The President We Hardly Knew

118

(7)

The Rise of John F. Kennedy and the Election of 1960

119

(1)

The New Frontier Camelot

120

(3)

Assassination

123

(2)

The Great Society

125

(9)

LBJ

125

(1)

The Johnson Program and the Landslide Election of 1964

126

(2)

The Great Society and the War on Poverty

128

(4)

The Warren Court and the Origins of ``Liberal Legalism''

132

(2)

From Civil Rights to Black Power

134

(12)

Civil Rights: The Kennedy Years

135

(3)

The Civil Rights Act of 1964: End of an Era

138

(2)

Urban Neighborhoods Explode

140

(2)

Black Power

142

(4)

Kennedy's Foreign Policies

146

(5)

New Programs

146

(2)

Cuba

148

(3)

The Struggle in Vietnam

151

(8)

A Vigorous Beginning, 1964--1965

152

(1)

Escalation, 1965--1967

153

(3)

Tet and the President's Discontent, 1968

156

(2)

Soldiers

158

(1)

Fallout from the War

159

(7)

Polarization and the Search for Empowerment

166

(39)

The ``Youth Movement''

166

(10)

The Origins of the Youth Revolt

167

(1)

Inventing a New Left

168

(2)

Radical Politics: From the College Campuses to the Streets

170

(2)

Campuses and Antiwar Demonstrations

172

(2)

The Counterculture

174

(2)

The New Conservatism

176

(5)

The Origins of the New Conservatism in the 1950s

176

(2)

Conservatism in the 1960s

178

(3)

The Politics of Polarization, 1968

181

(1)

The Fall of Lyndon Johnson

181

(1)

The New Politics and the Election of 1968

182

(3)

The Violent Years, 1969--1972

185

(5)

Violence in Southeast Asia

186

(1)

Violence at Home

187

(1)

A Law-and-Order Administration

188

(1)

The Violence Wanes

189

(1)

The Search for Empowerment

190

(10)

African American Politics

190

(2)

Mexican American Politics

192

(2)

American Indian Movements

194

(2)

A New Women's Movement

196

(4)

Gay and Lesbian Empowerment

200

(1)

Polarization: An Ambiguous Legacy

200

(5)

Times of Turmoil: The 1970s

205

(37)

Domestic Politics Under Nixon and Ford

205

(12)

Nixon's Domestic Policies

206

(1)

Stagflation

207

(1)

The 1972 Election

208

(2)

The Underside of the Nixon Administration: Leaks, Plumbers, and Watergate

210

(2)

Nixon's Last Battle

212

(3)

The Ford Presidency: The Wounds Remain

215

(2)

Nixon, Kissinger, and World Politics, 1969--1976

217

(7)

The Three Dimensional Game

217

(1)

The End of the War in Southeast Asia

218

(4)

The Middle East and Latin America

222

(2)

The Carter Presidency

224

(13)

Jimmy Carter Compassion and Competency?

224

(1)

Economic Dilemmas

225

(2)

Equality, Affirmative Action, and the New Right

227

(4)

Carter's Foreign Policy

231

(3)

Renewing the Cold War

234

(1)

The Election of 1980

235

(2)

Assessing the 1970s

237

(5)

An Oversized Society: Life during the 1960s and 1970s

242

(32)

The Economy: A Gathering of Giants

243

(10)

The Military-Industrial Complex

243

(3)

Business Giants

246

(2)

Energy and Ecology

248

(3)

Land and Real Estate Hustlers

251

(2)

An Out-Sized Culture

253

(21)

The Publishing Industry

253

(2)

The Motion Picture Industry

255

(2)

Sports

257

(2)

Television

259

(2)

The Popular Music Industry

261

(3)

Religion

264

(4)

The Educational Labyrinth

268

(6)

A Conservative Turn, 1980--1992

274

(44)

Domestic Politics during the Reagan Years

274

(14)

Presidential Style and the Conservative Turn

275

(2)

Reaganomics: The Eventual Boom

277

(2)

Reaganomics: The Debate

279

(2)

Reaganomics and Fairness

281

(4)

Drugs, AIDS, and Abortion

285

(1)

The Culture of Sleaze

286

(2)

The New Cold War, 1981--1987

288

(6)

A New Anti-Communist Offensive

288

(4)

The Cold War Suddenly Thaws

292

(2)

The Presidency of George Bush

294

(8)

The Election of 1988

294

(1)

Bush's Domestic Policies

295

(1)

Foreign Policy Under Bush

296

(3)

The Persian Gulf War

299

(3)

The Culture Industry 1980--1992

302

(16)

The Reagan Boom and the Culture Industry

302

(2)

Reprising the Past

304

(3)

Reworking the Past

307

(2)

The Politics of Cultural Confrontation

309

(9)

New Democrats, A New Economy, and New Americans

318

(37)

Politics and Culture during the Clinton Presidency

318

(15)

1992: The Election of a ``New Democrat''

318

(3)

The First Clinton Presidency: Domestic Politics

321

(2)

Clinton's Earliest Legal Battles

323

(1)

The Contract with America (1994) and the Clinton Resurgence (1996)

324

(4)

A Culture of Exposure and Clinton's Continuing Legal Battles

328

(3)

The Culture of Exposure and Clinton's Final Legal Battle

331

(2)

The ``New Economy''

333

(3)

Economic Boom

333

(3)

Fashioning Post-Cold War Foreign Policy

336

(3)

New Americans

339

(6)

Population Trends

339

(3)

Immigration

342

(3)

The Election and Early Presidency of George W. Bush

345

(5)

A Close Election

345

(2)

The Presidency of George W. Bush

347

(3)

Retrospective

350

(5)

Index

355

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

In Our Times,like the period of U.S. history it seeks to represent, remains a work in progress. We began writing the first edition of this book in the mid1970s, when only thirty years had elapsed since 1945. In this seventh, 2002 edition, the book now wears twice as many years as when we began--and so do we. We continue to be gratified that this book--one of the first texts designed for "1945 to present" courses--remains a favorite among history teachers and students. We have again undertaken the kind of reorganization and updating that those who useIn Our Times,and we ourselves, expect.We strive to provide students and instructors with an interesting, readable, and coherent historical framework. We have streamlined the narrative, integrated new scholarship, and entirely reorganized most chapters. New, and more numerous, pictures, charts, and maps enhance the book's visual dimension. Updated bibliographies, along with suggested websites, provide additional resources for teaching and learning. Users will find that our new introductions to chapters and to sections bring major themes into focus while enhancing the text's narrative quality.In this seventh journey through "our times," we have incurred many debts of gratitude. Our greatest goes to the anonymous reviewers, some of whom suggested the reorganizations and additions that we have undertaken for this new edition. We trust that they will see many of their fine recommendations reflected in these pages: more discussion, for example, of the soldier's experience in Vietnam and of cultural diplomacy; greater consistency in chapter size; improved organization ire the coverage of politics, diplomacy, and culture; significant expansion of material on the 1980s and 1990s. We have, of course, revised and updated our strong treatment of mass culture, a feature that has appealed to students over the years.We also extend our special thanks to our editors. Charles Cavaliere enthusiastically imparted a new vision and a special commitment toIn Our Times.Emsal Hasan has skillfully carried this book forward through the last two editions; his enthusiasm, good sense, and attention to detail has made him a true collaborator. Rosie Jones provided vital expert assistance on the finishing touches of the book. Joelle Blomquist, a senior history major at Macalester College, has provided meticulous and thorough assistance in the tasks of research d revision. Herta Pitman, department coordinator at Macalester, has also contributed her expertise. Finally, of course, we are indebted to all of the scholars whose books and essays make doing the history of "our times" meaningful d exciting.In Our Times,like our teaching career at Macalester College, remains a joint production. Although we continue to split the primary responsibility for .reviewing and rewriting specific sections, the computer remains community property. One of us will often complete the paragraph or sentence that the other had begun or had once thought, mistakenly, to be complete. For any errors of fact or judgment, each of us can offer the ready excuse that it was surely committed by "the other Professor Rosenberg." Yet we will also be happy to take joint credit for whatever positive features this book offers. Norman L. Rosenberg Emily S. Rosenberg

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In Our Times America Since World War II

In Our Times America Since World War II

0130996483

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