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Organic Chemistry (with Organic ChemistryNOW)

by: Hornback, Joseph M.

Organic Chemistry (with Organic ChemistryNOW)

by: Hornback, Joseph M.

ISBN 13:
9780534389512
ISBN 10:
0534389511
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/31/2005
Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Summary

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Second Edition - the first mechanistic-oriented book written at a level that organic chemistry students will understand! Specifically, the focus on mechanisms is a unifying theme, rather then just an organizing principle. Organizationally mainstream, it is unique in bringing in mechanisms as a unifying principle, and reactions are organized by mechanism type not by functional groups. And now, text/media integration has never been so seamless with the introduction of Organic ChemistryNow for ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Second Edition.

PREFACE

xxvi

1 A SIMPLE MODEL FOR CHEMICAL BONDS

(29)

1.1 The Field of Organic Chemistry

(2)

1.2 Simple Atomic Structure

(1)

1.3 Ionic Bonding

(1)

1.4 Covalent Bonding

(1)

1.5 Lewis Structures

(5)

1.6 Covalent Ions

(1)

1.7 Formal Charges

(4)

1.8 Resonance

(2)

1.9 Polar Bonds

(1)

1.10 Shapes of Molecules

(4)

1.11 Dipole Moments

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

(1)

Additional Problems

(5)

2 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: A FIRST LOOK

(31)

2.1 Common Bonding Situations

(3)

2.2 Bond Strengths and Bond Lengths

(1)

2.3 Constitutional Isomers

(5)

2.4 Degree of Unsaturation

(5)

2.3 Physical Properties and Molecular Structure

(2)

2.6 Melting Points, Boiling Points, and Solubilities

(4)

Focus On: Boiling Points of Fuels

(2)

2.7 Introduction to Functional Groups

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

(1)

Additional Problems

(8)

3 ORBITALS AND BONDING

(42)

3.1 Atomic Orbitals

(4)

3.2 Molecular Orbitals

(4)

3.3 Single Bonds and sp3 Hybridization

(2)

3.4 Double Bonds and sp2 Hybridization

(5)

3.5 Triple Bonds and sp Hybridization

(2)

3.6 Resonance and MO Theory

(3)

3.7 Rules for Resonance Structures

(5)

3.8 Types of Resonance Interactions

(9)

Focus On: Resonance and the Bond Lengths of Naphthalene

(1)

3.9 Molecular Orbital Energies

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

(1)

Additional Problems

(6)

4 THE ACID-BASE REACTION

103

(39)

4.1 Definitions

103

(4)

4.2 The Acid-Base Equilibrium

107

(4)

4.3 Rate of the Acid-Base Reaction

111

(3)

4.4 Effect of the Atom Bonded to the Hydrogen on Acidity

114

(2)

4.5 Inductive Effects

116

(3)

4.6 Hydrogen Bonding

119

(1)

4.7 Hybridization

120

(1)

4.8 Resonance

120

(8)

Focus On: Calcium Carbide

121

(7)

4.9 Tables of Acids and Bases

128

(4)

4.10 Acidity and Basicity of Functional Groups and Solvents

132

(3)

Review of Mastery Goals

135

(1)

Additional Problems

135

(7)

5 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND NOMENCLATURE I

142

(36)

5.1 Alkanes

142

(3)

5.2 Common Nomenclature of Alkanes

145

(1)

5.3 Systematic Nomenclature of Alkanes

146

(9)

Focus On: The Energy Content of Fuels

146

(9)

5.4 Systematic Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes

155

(2)

5.5 Alkenes

157

(3)

5.6 Alkynes

160

(1)

5.7 Alkyl Halides

161

(1)

5.8 Alcohols

162

(5)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Chlorinated Organic Compounds

164

(3)

5.9 Ethers

167

(1)

5.10 Amines

168

(3)

Review of Mastery Goals

171

(1)

Additional Problems

172

(6)

6 STEREOCHEMISTRY I: CIS-TRANS ISOMERS AND CONFORMATIONS

178

(41)

6.1 Cis-Trans Isomers

179

(4)

6.2 Designating the Configuration of Cis-Trans Isomers

183

(3)

6.3 Conformations

186

(7)

6.4 Conformations of Cyclic Molecules

193

(3)

6.5 Conformations of Cyclohexane

196

(5)

6.6 Conformations of Other Rings

201

(1)

6.7 Conformations of Cyclohexanes with One Substituent

202

(3)

6.8 Conformations of Cyclohexanes with Two or More Substituents

205

(9)

Focus On: How Much Strain Is Too Much?

206

(8)

Review of Mastery Goals

214

(1)

Additional Problems

214

(5)

7 STEREOCHEMISTRY II: CHIRAL MOLECULES

219

(38)

7.1 Chiral Molecules

219

(2)

7.2 Recognizing Chiral Molecules

221

(3)

7.3 Designating Configuration of Enantiomers

224

(3)

7.4 Properties of Enantiomers

227

(3)

7.5 Molecules with Multiple Chirality Centers

230

(4)

7.6 Stereoisomers and Cyclic Compounds

234

(2)

7.7 Resolution: Separating Enantiomers

236

(1)

7.8 Fischer Projections

237

(5)

Focus On: The Historical Development of Understanding Stereochemistry

238

(4)

7.9 Reactions That Produce Enantiomers

242

(2)

Focus On: Pharmaceuticals and Chirality

243

(1)

7.10 Other Chiral Compounds

244

(3)

Review of Mastery Goals

247

(1)

Visual Summary of Isomers

248

(1)

Additional Problems

249

(8)

8 NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS: REACTIONS OF ALKYL HALIDES, ALCOHOLS, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

257

(56)

8.1 The General Reaction

257

(2)

8.2 Reaction Mechanisms

259

(1)

8.3 Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution

259

(2)

8.4 Stereochemistry of the SN2 Reaction

261

(3)

8.5 Effect of Substituents on the Rate of the SN2 Reaction

264

(4)

8.6 Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution

268

(4)

8.7 Effect of Substituents on the Rate of the SN1 Reaction

272

(4)

Focus On: The llriphenyhnethyl Carbocation

274

(2)

8.8 Stereochemistry of the SN1 Reaction

276

(3)

8.9 Leaving Groups

279

(5)

8.10 Nucleophiles

284

(2)

8.11 Effect of Solvent

286

(3)

8.12 Competition between SN1 and SN2 Reactions

289

(3)

8.13 Intramolecular Reactions

292

(2)

8.14 Competing Reactions

294

(7)

Focus On: Carbocation Rearrangements in Superacids

299

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

301

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

301

(1)

Additional Prohknis

302

(11)

9 ELIMINATION REACTIONS: REACTIONS OF ALKYL HALIDES, ALCOHOLS, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

313

(35)

9.1 The General Reaction

313

(1)

9.2 Bimolecular Elimination

314

(2)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: DDT Resistant Insects

316

(1)

9.3 Stereochemistry of the E2 Reaction

316

(7)

9.4 Direction of Elimination

323

(6)

9.5 Unimolecular Elimination

329

(2)

9.6 Regiochemistry and Stereochemistry of the El Reaction

331

(3)

Focus On: The Elcb Mechanism

333

(1)

9.7 The Competition between Elimination and Substitution

334

(6)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Biological Elimination

Reactions

340

(1)

Review of Mastery Goals

341

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

341

(1)

Additional Problems

341

(7)

10 SYNTHETIC USES OF SUBSTITUTION AND ELIMINATION REACTIONS: INTERCONVERTING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

348

(56)

10.1 Substitution Reactions

348

(1)

10.2 Preparation of Alcohols

349

(3)

10.3 Preparation of Ethers

352

(5)

10.4 Preparation of Esters

357

(1)

10.5 Preparation of Alkyl Halides

358

(4)

10.6 Preparation of Amines

362

(6)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Biological Alkylations and Poisons

365

(3)

10.7 Preparation of Hydrocarbons

368

(1)

10.8 Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds

369

(2)

10.9 Phosphorus and Sulfur Nucleophiles

371

(1)

10.10 Ring Opening of Epoxides

372

(4)

Focus On: Uses of Epoxides in Industry

375

(1)

10.11 Elimination of Hydrogen Halides (Dehydrohalogenation)

376

(1)

10.12 Preparation of Alkynes

377

(1)

10.13 Dehydration

378

(2)

10.14 Eliminations to Form Carbon-Oxygen Double Bonds; Oxidation Reactions

380

(5)

Focus On: Environmentally Friendly Chemistry (Green Chemistry)

384

(1)

10.15 The Strategy of Organic Synthesis

385

(4)

Review of Mastery Goals

389

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

390

(4)

Integrated Practice Problem

394

(1)

Additional Problems

395

(9)

11 ADDITIONS TO CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE AND TRIPLE BONDS: REACTIONS OF ALKENES AND ALKYNES

404

(62)

11.1 The General Mechanism

405

(1)

11.2 Addition of Hydrogen Halides

406

(6)

11.3 Addition of Water (Hydration)

412

(1)

11.4 Addition of Halogens

413

(6)

11.5 Halohydrin Formation

419

(4)

Focus On: Industrial Addition Reactions

421

(2)

11.6 Oxymercuration-Reduction

423

(3)

11.7 Hydroboration-Oxidation

426

(9)

Focus On: Chiral Boranes in Organic Synthesis

433

(2)

11.8 Addition of Carbenes

435

(3)

11.9 Epoxidation

438

(1)

11.10 Hydroxylation

439

(2)

11.11 Ozonolysis

441

(3)

11.12 Catalytic Hydrogenation

444

(2)

11.13 Additions to Conjugated Dienes

446

(5)

Focus On: Asymmetric Hydrogenation

449

(2)

11.14 Synthesis

451

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

453

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

454

(3)

Integrated Practice Problem

457

(1)

Additional Problems

458

(8)

12 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND NOMENCLATURE II

466

(34)

12.1 Aromatic Hydrocarbons

466

(6)

Focus On: Structure Proof by the Number of Isomers

469

(3)

12.2 Phenols

472

(1)

12.3 Aldehydes and Ketones

473

(4)

12.4 Carboxylic Acids

477

(2)

12.5 Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids

479

(9)

Focus On: Fragrant Organic Compounds

486

(2)

12.6 Sulfur and Phosphorus Compounds

488

(3)

12.7 Nomenclature of Compounds with Several Functional Groups

491

(9)

Review of Mastery Goals

494

(1)

Additional Problems

494

(6)

13 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

500

(43)

13.1 Electromagnetic Radiation

501

(1)

13.2 Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Molecules

502

(1)

13.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

503

(2)

13.4 Infrared Spectroscopy

505

(2)

13.5 Generalizations

507

(1)

13.6 The Hydrogen Region

508

(7)

13.7 The Triple-Bond Region

515

(3)

Focus On: Remote Sensing of Automobile Pollutants

516

(2)

13.8 The Double-Bond Region

518

(2)

13.9 The Fingerprint Region

520

(1)

13.10 Interpretation of IR Spectra

521

(12)

Review of Mastery Goals

533

(1)

Additional Problems

533

(10)

14 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

543

(66)

14.1 Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

543

(2)

14.2 Theory of ¹H-NMR

545

(2)

14.3 The Chemical Shift

547

(9)

14.4 Spin Coupling

556

(6)

14.5 Complex Coupling

562

(1)

14.6 Chemical Exchange

563

(1)

14.7 Deuterium

563

(3)

Focus On: NMR Spectroscopy of Carbocations in Superacid

565

(1)

14.8 Interpretation of ¹H-NMR Spectra

566

(8)

Focus On: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

572

(2)

14.9 Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

574

(9)

14.10 Solved Problems Employing IR and NMR Spectra

583

(12)

Review of Mastery Goals

595

(1)

Additional Problems

596

(13)

15 ULTRAVIOLET-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY

609

15.1 Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy

609

(3)

15.2 Types of Electronic Transitions

612

(3)

15.3 UV Visible Spectroscopy in Structure Determination

615

(2)

Focus On: Ozone, Ultraviolet Radiation, and Sunscreens

616

(1)

15.4 Mass Spectrometry

617

(2)

15.5 Determining the Molecular Formula

619

(5)

15.6 Fragmentation of the Molecular Ion

624

(10)

Focus On: Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

633

(1)

Review of Mastery Goals

634

(1)

Additional Problems

634

16 BENZENE AND AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

042

(629)

16.1 Benzene

642

(2)

16.2 Resonance Energy of Benzene

644

(2)

16.3 Molecular Orbital Model for Cyclic Conjugated Molecules

646

(3)

16.4 Cyclobutadiene

649

(2)

16.5 Hackel's Rule

651

(1)

16.6 Cyclooctatetraene

652

(1)

16.7 Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds

653

(2)

16.8 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

655

(2)

Focus On: Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

657

(1)

16.9 NMR and Aromaticity

657

(2)

16.10 Annulenes

659

(2)

16.11 Aromatic and Antiaromatic Ions

661

(4)

Focus On: Buckminsterfullerene, a New Form of Carbon

663

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

665

(1)

Additional Problems

665

(6)

17 AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS

671

(68)

17.1 Mechanism for Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

671

(3)

17.2 Effect of Substituents

674

(8)

17.3 Effect of Multiple Substituents

682

(1)

17.4 Nitration

683

(3)

17.5 Halogenation

686

(3)

17.6 Sulfonation

689

(1)

17.7 Friedel-Crafts Allrylation

690

(6)

Focus On: Synthetic Detergents, BHT, and BHA

694

(2)

17.8 Friedel-Crafts Acylation

696

(3)

17.9 Electrophilic Substitutions of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

699

(1)

17.10 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Diazonium Ions

700

(3)

17.11 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition-Elimination

703

(2)

17.12 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination-Addition

705

(4)

Focus On: Experimental Evidence for the Benzyne Mechanism

708

(1)

17.11 Some Additional Useful Reactions

709

(4)

17.14 Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds

713

(6)

Review of Mastery Goals

719

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

719

(4)

Intergrated Practice Problem

723

(1)

Additional Problems

724

(15)

18 ADDITIONS TO THE CARBONYL GROUPS REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

739

(64)

18.1 General Mechanisms

740

(2)

18.2 Addition of Hydride; Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones

742

(2)

18.3 Addition of Water

744

(4)

18.4 Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide

748

(3)

18.5 Preparation and Properties of Organometallic Nucleophiles

751

(2)

18.6 Addition of Organometallic Nucleophiles

753

(5)

18.7 Addition of Phosphorus Ylides; The Wittig Reaction

758

(7)

Focus On: Synthesis of Vitamin A

763

(2)

18.8 Addition of Nitrogen Nucleophiles

765

(10)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Imines in Living Organisms

773

(2)

18.9 Addition of Alcohols

775

(4)

18.10 Conjugate Additions

779

(5)

18.11 Synthesis

784

(3)

Review of Mastery Goals

787

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

787

(2)

Integrated Practice Problem

789

(1)

Additional Problems

790

(13)

19 SUBSTITUTIONS AT THE CARBONYL GROUP: REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES

803

(55)

19.1 The General Mechanism

803

(5)

19.2 Preparation of Acyl Chlorides

808

(2)

19.3 Preparation of Anhydrides

810

(1)

19.4 Preparation of Esters

811

(4)

19.5 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids

815

(9)

Focus On: The Preparation of Soap

819

(5)

19.6 Preparation of Amides

824

(2)

19.7 Reaction with Hydride Nucleophiles

826

(4)

19.8 Reduction of Acid Derivatives to Aldehydes

830

(2)

19.9 Reactions with Organometallic Nucleophiles

832

(2)

19.10 Preparation of Ketones

834

(2)

19.11 Derivatives of Sulfur and Phosphorus Acids

836

(4)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Nerve Gases and Pesticides

838

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

840

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

840

(3)

Integrated Practice Problem

843

(1)

Additional Problems

843

(15)

20 ENOLATE AND OTHER CARBON NUCLEOPHILES

858

(60)

20.1 Enols and Enolate Anions

859

(3)

20.2 Halogenation of the a-Carbon

862

(2)

20.3 Alkylation of Enolate Anions

864

(3)

20.4 Alkylation of More Stabilized Anions

867

(6)

20.5 The Aldol Condensation

873

(7)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: The Reverse Aldol Reaction in Metabolism

880

(1)

20.6 Ester Condensations

880

(7)

Focus On: An Industrial Aldol Reaction

886

(1)

20.7 Carbon and Hydrogen Leaving Groups

887

(2)

20.8 Enamines

889

(2)

20.9 Other Carbon Nucleophiles

891

(3)

20.10 Conjugate Additions

894

(4)

20.11 Synthesis

898

(4)

Review of Mastery Goals

902

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

902

(2)

Integrated Practice Problem

904

(1)

Additional Problems

905

(13)

21 THE CHEMISTRY OF RADICALS

918

(38)

21.1 Radicals

918

(1)

21.2 Stability of Radicals

919

(2)

21.3 Geometry of Carbon Radicals

921

(1)

21.4 Generation of Radicals

922

(1)

213 General Radical Reactions

923

(4)

Focus On: The 'Itiphenylmethyl Radical

926

(1)

21.6 Halogenation

927

(7)

21.7 Dehalogenation

934

(1)

21.8 Autoxidation

935

(4)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Vitamin E and Lipid Autoxidation

937

(2)

21.9 Radical Additions to Alkenes

939

(2)

21.10 Reductions and Radical Anions

941

(5)

Review of Mastery Goals

946

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

947

(1)

Additional Problems

948

(8)

22 PERICYCLIC REACTIONS

956

(55)

22.1 Pericyclic Reactions

956

(3)

22.2 MO Theory for Conjugated Molecules

959

(6)

22.3 Electrocyclic Reactions

965

(5)

22.4 Examples of Electrocyclic Reactions

970

(5)

Focus On: Dewar Benzene

973

(2)

22.5 Cycloaddition Reactions

975

(2)

22.6 The Diels-Alder Reaction

977

(7)

22.7 Other Cycloaddition Reactions

984

(2)

22.8 Sigmatropic Rearrangements

986

(4)

22.9 Examples of Sigmatropic Rearrangements

990

(4)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Pericyclic Reactions and Vitamin D

993

(1)

22.10 Rearrangements to Electron-Deficient Centers

994

(5)

Review of Mastery Goals

999

(1)

Visual Summary of Key Reactions

999

(2)

Additional Problems

1001

(10)

23 THE SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1011

(42)

23.1 Protecting Groups for Alcohols

1011

(4)

23.2 Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones

1015

(1)

23.3 Protecting Groups for Carboxylic Acids

1016

(2)

23.4 Protecting Groups for Amines

1018

(2)

23.5 Retrosynthetic Analysis

1020

(6)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Pheromones

1025

(1)

23.6 Examples of Syntheses

1026

(3)

23.7 Reactions That Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds

1029

(1)

23.8 Preparation of Functional Groups

1030

(15)

Review of Mastery Goals

1045

(1)

Additional Problems

1046

(7)

24 SYNTHETIC POLYMERS

1053

(32)

24.1 Radical Chain Polymerization

1053

(4)

24.2 Structures of Polymers

1057

(3)

24.3 Ionic Polymerization

1060

(2)

Focus On: Super Glue

1062

(1)

24.4 Coordination Polymerization

1062

(2)

24.5 Physical Properties of Polymers

1064

(2)

24.6 Major Thermoplastic Addition Polymers

1066

(2)

24.7 Elastomers

1068

(2)

24.8 Condensation Polymers

1070

(5)

24.9 Thermoset Polymers

1075

(2)

24.10 Chemical Properties of Polymers

1077

(4)

Focus On: Recycling Plastics

1080

(1)

Review of Mastery Goals

1081

(1)

Additional Problems

1081

(4)

25 CARBOHYDRATES

1085

(38)

25.1 Structures of Carbohydrates

1085

(1)

25.2 Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates

1086

(4)

25.3 Cyclization of Monosaccharides

1090

(4)

25.4 Reactions of Monosaccharides

1094

(11)

Focus On: The Determination of Anomer Configuration

1095

(8)

Focus On: Artificial Sweeteners

1103

(2)

25.5 Fischer's Structure Proof for Glucose

1105

(5)

25.6 Disaccharides

1110

(1)

25.7 Polysaccharides

1111

(2)

25.8 Other Carbohydrate-Containing Compounds

1113

(10)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Blood Groups

1115

(1)

Review of Mastery Goals

1116

(1)

Additional Problems

1117

(6)

26 AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES, AND PROTEINS

1123

(39)

26.1 Amino Acids

1123

(3)

26.2 Acid-Base Chemistry of Amino Acids

1126

(4)

26.3 Chemical Reactions of Amino Acids

1130

(1)

26.4 Laboratory Synthesis of Amino Acids

1131

(6)

Focus On: Asymmetric Synthesis of Amino Acids

1135

(2)

26.5 Peptides and Proteins

1137

(3)

Focus On: NMR Spectra of Amides

1140

(1)

26.6 Sequencing Peptides

1140

(8)

26.7 Laboratory Synthesis of Peptides

1148

(7)

26.8 Protein Structure

1155

(1)

26.9 Enzymes

1156

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

1158

(1)

Additional Problems

1158

(4)

27 NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS

1162

(22)

27.1 Nucleosides and Nucleotides

1162

(3)

27.2 Structure of DNA and RNA

1165

(6)

Focus On: Tautomers of Guanine and Thymine

1170

(1)

27.3 Replication, Transcription, and Translation

1171

(4)

Focus On Biological Chemistry: Treatment of AIDS with AZT

1174

(1)

27.4 Sequencing DNA

1175

(3)

27.5 Laboratory Synthesis of DNA

1178

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

1180

(1)

Additional Problems

1181

(3)

28 OTHER NATURAL PRODUCTS

1184

28.1 Terpenes

1184

(2)

28.2 Monoterpenes

1186

(4)

28.3 Sesquiterpenes

1190

(4)

28.4 Larger Terpenes

1194

(2)

28.5 Steroids

1196

(6)

Focus On: Syntheses That Mimic Nature

1200

(2)

28.6 Synthesis of Steroids

1202

(4)

Focus On: The Birth Control Pill

1204

(2)

28.7 Alkaloids

1206

(2)

28.8 Fats and Related Compounds

1208

(3)

Focus On: Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

1210

(1)

28.9 Prostaglandins

1211

(2)

Review of Mastery Goals

1213

(1)

Additional Problems

1213

APPENDIX: ANSWERS TO IN-CHAPTER PROBLEMS A-0

GLOSSARY G-0

INDEX

I-0

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Organic Chemistry (with Organic ChemistryNOW)

Organic Chemistry (with Organic ChemistryNOW)

9780534389512

0534389511

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Table of Contents

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Organic Chemistry (with Organic ChemistryNOW)

Organic Chemistry (with Organic ChemistryNOW)

9780534389512

0534389511

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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