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Organic and Biochemistry for Today

by: Seager, Spencer L.; Slabaugh, Michael R.

Organic and Biochemistry for Today

by: Seager, Spencer L.; Slabaugh, Michael R.

ISBN 13:
9780534395827
ISBN 10:
0534395821
Edition: 5th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/14/2004
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Summary

1. Organic Compounds: Alkanes. 2. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. 3. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers. 4. Aldehydes and Ketones. 5. Carboxylic Acids and Esters. 6. Amines and Amides. 7. Carbohydrates. 8. Lipids. 9. Proteins. 10. Enzymes. 11. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis. 12. Nutrition and Energy for Life. 13. Carbohydrate Metabolism. 14. Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism. 15. Body Fluids. Appendix A. The International System of Measurements. Appendix B. Answers to Even-Numbered End-of-Chapter Exercises. Appendix C. Solutions to Learning Checks. Glossary. Index.

Chapter 1 Organic Compounds: Alkanes

(38)

1.1 Carbon: The Element of Organic Compounds

(1)

1.2 Organic and Inorganic Compounds Compared

(2)

Study Skills 1.1 Changing Gears for Organic Chemistry

(1)

1.3 Bonding Characteristics and Isomerism

(2)

1.4 Functional Groups: The Organization of Organic Chemistry

(4)

Chemistry and Your Health 1.1 Are Organic Foods Better for You?

(1)

1.5 Alkane Structures

(2)

1.6 Conformations of Alkanes

(2)

1.7 Alkane Nomenclature

(6)

1.8 Cycloalkanes

(2)

1.9 The Shape of Cycloalkanes

(2)

1.10 Physical Properties of Alkanes

(3)

Chemistry Around Us 1.1 Petroleum

(1)

Over the Counter 1.1 Hydrating the Skin

(1)

1.11 Alkane Reactions

(2)

Chemistry Around Us 1.2 Carbon Monoxide: Silent and Deadly

(1)

For Future Reference Medicines Removed from the Market

(1)

Concept Summary

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Key Reactions

(1)

Exercises

(5)

Chemistry for Thought

(2)

Chapter 2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

(34)

2.1 The Nomenclature of Alkenes

(3)

Chemistry Around Us 2.1 Seeing the Light

(1)

2.2 The Geometry of Alkenes

(4)

Chemistry Around Us 2.2 Watermelon: A Source of Lycopene

(3)

2.3 Properties of Alkenes

(6)

Study Skills 2.1 Keeping a Reaction Card File

(3)

2.4 Addition Polymers

(3)

Study Skills 2.2 A Reaction Map for Alkenes

(1)

How Reactions Occur The Hydration of Alkenes: An Addition Reaction

(2)

2.5 Alkynes

(2)

2.6 Aromatic Compounds and the Benzene Structure

(1)

2.7 The Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives

(3)

Chemistry and Your Health 2.1 How to Lower Your Cancer Risk

(1)

2.8 Properties and Uses of Aromatic Compounds

(9)

Over the Counter 2.1 Smoking: It's Quitting Time

(2)

For Future Reference Drugs That May Cause Photosensitivity from Sun Exposure

(1)

Concept Summary

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Key Reactions

(1)

Exercises

(4)

Chemistry for Thought

(2)

Chapter 3 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

(32)

3.1 The Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

(2)

3.2 Classification of Alcohols

(1)

3.3 Physical Properties of Alcohols

(2)

3.4 Reactions of Alcohols

(6)

How Reactions Occur The Dehydration of an Alcohol

(4)

Study Skills 3.1 A Reaction Map for Alcohols

(1)

3.5 Important Alcohols

(2)

Chemistry Around Us 3.1 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

(1)

3.6 Characteristics and Uses of Phenols

(2)

Over the Counter 3.1 Outsmarting Poison Ivy

(1)

3.7 Ethers

(3)

Chemistry and Your Health 3.1 Vitamin E: As Good As It Seems?

(2)

Chemistry Around Us 3.2 General Anesthetics

(1)

3.8 Properties of Ethers

(1)

3.9 Thiols

(2)

3.10 Polyfunctional Compounds

(2)

For Future Reference Good Food Sources of Vitamin E

(1)

Concept Summary

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Key Reactions

(1)

Exercises

100

(4)

Chemistry for Thought

104

(1)

Chapter 4 Aldehydes and Ketones

105

(28)

4.1 The Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones

106

(4)

Chemistry Around Us 4.1 Faking a Tan

108

(2)

4.2 Physical Properties

110

(1)

4.3 Chemical Properties

111

(11)

Over the Counter 4.1 Birth Control: Progesterone Substitutes

113

(4)

How Reactions Occur Hemiacetal Formation

117

(2)

Study Skills 4.1 A Reaction Map for Aldehydes and Ketones

119

(3)

Chemistry and Your Health 4.1 Vitamin A and Birth Defects

122

(1)

4.4 Important Aldehydes and Ketones

122

(10)

Chemistry Around Us 4.2 Vanilloids: Hot Relief from Pain

124

(1)

For Future Reference Food Sources of Vitamin A

125

(1)

Concept Summary

126

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

126

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

126

(1)

Key Reactions

126

(1)

Exercises

127

(5)

Chemistry for Thought

132

(1)

Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters

133

(28)

5.1 The Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

134

(2)

5.2 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

136

(3)

Over the Counter 5.1 Alpha Hydroxy Acids in Cosmetics

138

(1)

5.3 The Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

139

(1)

5.4 Salts of Carboxylic Acids

140

(2)

5.5 Carboxylic Esters

142

(4)

5.6 The Nomenclature of Esters

146

(2)

Chemistry and Your Health 5.1 Aspirin: Should You Take a Daily Dose?

147

(1)

5.7 Reactions of Esters

148

(2)

Study Skills 5.1 A Reaction Map for Carboxylic Acids

149

(1)

5.8 Esters of Inorganic Acids

150

(10)

How Reactions Occur Ester Saponification

151

(1)

Chemistry Around Us 5.1 Nitroglycerin in Dynamite and in Medicine

152

(1)

For Future Reference Foods Rich in Vitamin C

153

(1)

Concept Summary

154

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

154

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

155

(1)

Key Reactions

155

(1)

Exercises

156

(4)

Chemistry for Thought

160

(1)

Chapter 6 Amines and Amides

161

(30)

6.1 Classification of Amines

162

(1)

6.2 The Nomenclature of Amines

162

(3)

Over the Counter 6.1 The Right Stuff for Stuffy Noses

164

(1)

6.3 Physical Properties of Amines

165

(1)

6.4 Chemical Properties of Amines

166

(7)

Chemistry Around Us 6.1 Aspirin Substitutes

171

(2)

6.5 Amines as Neurotransmitters

173

(3)

Study Skills 6.1 A Reaction Map for Amines

173

(3)

6.6 Other Biologically Important Amines

176

(3)

Chemistry and Your Health 6.1 Caffeine: A User's Guide

176

(3)

6.7 The Nomenclature of Amides

179

(1)

6.8 Physical Properties of Amides

180

(1)

6.9 Chemical Properties of Amides

181

(9)

For Future Reference Vitamin B6

184

(1)

Concept Summary

184

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

185

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

185

(1)

Key Reactions

185

(1)

Exercises

185

(5)

Chemistry for Thought

190

(1)

Chapter 7 Carbohydrates

191

(34)

7.1 Classes of Carbohydrates

192

(1)

7.2 The Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates

193

(5)

7.3 Fischer Projections

198

(3)

7.4 Monosaccharides

201

(1)

7.5 Properties of Monosaccharides

202

(6)

Chemistry Around Us 7.1 Sugar-Free Foods and Diabetes

205

(3)

7.6 Important Monosaccharides

208

(2)

7.7 Disaccharides

210

(3)

Study Skills 7.1 Biomolecules: A New Focus

210

(2)

Chemistry and Your Health 7.1 Carbohydrates: To Eat or Not to Eat

212

(1)

7.8 Polysaccharides

213

(11)

Over the Counter 7.1 Dietary Fiber

217

(2)

For Future Reference The Glycemic Index

219

(1)

Concept Summary

219

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

220

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

220

(1)

Key Reactions

220

(1)

Exercises

221

(3)

Chemistry for Thought

224

(1)

Chapter 8 Lipids

225

(28)

8.1 Classification of Lipids

226

(1)

8.2 Fatty Acids

226

(4)

8.3 The Structure of Fats and Oils

230

(2)

8.4 Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils

232

(2)

8.5 Waxes

234

(1)

Study Skills 8.1 A Reaction Map for Triglycerides

235

(1)

8.6 Phosphoglycerides

235

(3)

Chemistry and Your Health 8.1 Watch Out for Trans Fatty Acids

236

(2)

8.7 Sphingolipids

238

(1)

8.8 Biological Membranes

239

(2)

8.9 Steroids

241

(11)

Chemistry Around Us 8.1 Fish Facts

242

(1)

8.10 Steroid Hormones

243

(3)

Over the Counter 8.1 Melatonin and DHEA: Hormones at Your Own Risk

244

(2)

Chemistry Around Us 8.2 Infants and Respiratory Distress Syndrome

246

(1)

8.11 Prostaglandins

246

(2)

For Future Reference Cholesterol Content of Selected Foods

247

(1)

Concept Summary

248

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

249

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

249

(1)

Key Reactions

249

(1)

Exercises

250

(2)

Chemistry for Thought

252

(1)

Chapter 9 Proteins

253

(30)

9.1 The Amino Acids

254

(2)

9.2 Zwitterions

256

(2)

9.3 Reactions of Amino Acids

258

(3)

Over the Counter 9.1 Medicines and Nursing Mothers

259

(2)

9.4 Important Peptides

261

(2)

Chemistry and Your Health 9.1 C-Reactive Protein: A Message from the Heart

262

(1)

9.5 Characteristics of Proteins

263

(4)

Chemistry Around Us 9.1 Alzheimer's Disease

266

(1)

9.6 The Primary Structure of Proteins

267

(1)

9.7 The Secondary Structure of Proteins

268

(2)

9.8 The Tertiary Structure of Proteins

270

(3)

Chemistry Around Us 9.2 Sickle-Cell Disease

271

Study Skills 9.1 Visualizing Protein Structure 2

(200)

9.9 The Quaternary Structure of Proteins

273

(1)

9.10 Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation

274

(3)

For Future Reference The Iron Content of Selected Foods

277

(1)

Concept Summary

277

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

278

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

278

(1)

Key Reactions

279

(1)

Exercises

279

(3)

Chemistry for Thought

282

(1)

Chapter 10 Enzymes

283

(26)

10.1 General Characteristics of Enzymes

284

(1)

10.2 Enzyme Nomenclature and Classification

285

(2)

Chemistry and Your Health 10.1 Enzymes and Disease

286

(1)

10.3 Enzyme Cofactors

287

(1)

10.4 The Mechanism of Enzyme Action

288

(2)

10.5 Enzyme Activity

290

(1)

10.6 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

291

(1)

10.7 Enzyme Inhibition

292

(6)

Chemistry Around Us 10.1 Enzyme Discovery Heats Up

293

(4)

Over the Counter 10.1 Herbal Supplements

297

(1)

Chemistry Around Us 10.2 Antifreeze Poisoning and Competitive Inhibition

298

(1)

10.8 The Regulation of Enzyme Activity

298

(3)

Study Skills 10.1 A Summary Chart of Enzyme Inhibitors

300

(1)

10.9 Medical Application of Enzymes

301

(3)

For Future Reference Sources of Folic Acid

304

(1)

Concept Summary

304

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

305

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

305

(1)

Key Reactions

305

(1)

Exercises

306

(2)

Chemistry for Thought

308

(1)

Chapter 11 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

309

(34)

11.1 Components of Nucleic Acids

310

(2)

11.2 The Structure of DNA

312

(4)

Over the Counter 11.1 Nucleic Acid Supplements

316

(1)

11.3 DNA Replication

316

(5)

11.4 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

321

(3)

Chemistry Around Us 11.1 Cloning Animals

322

(2)

11.5 The Flow of Genetic Information

324

(1)

11.6 Transcription: RNA Synthesis

325

(3)

Chemistry Around Us 11.2 Is AIDS Forever?

326

(2)

11.7 The Genetic Code

328

(2)

Study Skills 11.1 Remembering Key Words

329

(1)

11.8 Translation and Protein Synthesis

330

(3)

11.9 Mutations

333

(1)

11.10 Recombinant DNA

333

(5)

Chemistry Around Us 11.3 DNA and the Law

335

(2)

Chemistry and Your Health 11.1 Genetically Modified Foods

337

(1)

For Future Reference Drugs That May Adversely Affect the Fetus and Newborn Infant

338

(1)

Concept Summary

338

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

339

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

339

(1)

Exercises

340

(1)

Chemistry for Thought

341

(2)

Chapter 12 Nutrition and Energy for Life

343

(28)

12.1 Nutritional Requirements

344

(1)

12.2 The Macronutrients

345

(4)

Chemistry Around Us 12.1 Vegetarian Diets

349

(1)

12.3 Micronutrients I: Vitamins

349

(2)

Chemistry and Your Health 12.1 Waistlines Can Be Dangerous

351

(1)

12.4 Micronutrients II: Minerals

351

(1)

12.5 The Flow of Energy in the Biosphere

352

(3)

12.6 Metabolism and an Overview of Energy Production

355

(1)

12.7 ATP: The Primary Energy Carrier

356

(4)

Study Skills 12.1 Bioprocesses

357

(3)

12.8 Important Coenzymes in the Common Catabolic Pathway

360

(7)

Over the Counter 12.1 Creatine Supplements: The Jury Is Still Out

361

(4)

For Future Reference Food Label Terms

365

(2)

Concept Summary

367

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

367

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

368

(1)

Key Reactions

368

(1)

Exercises

368

(2)

Chemistry for Thought

370

(1)

Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism

371

(26)

13.1 The Digestion of Carbohydrates

372

(1)

13.2 Blood Glucose

372

(1)

13.3 Glycolysis

373

(3)

Over the Counter 13.1 Lactose Intolerance

374

(2)

13.4 The Fates of Pyruvate

376

(2)

13.5 The Citric Acid Cycle

378

(2)

Chemistry Around Us 13.1 Lactate Accumulation

380

(1)

13.6 The Electron Transport Chain

380

(2)

13.7 Oxidative Phosphorylation

382

(2)

13.8 The Complete Oxidation of Glucose

384

(1)

13.9 Glycogen Metabolism

385

(11)

Study Skills 13.1 Key Numbers for ATP Calculations

386

(1)

Chemistry Around Us 13.2 Carbohydrate Loading and Athletic Endurance

387

(1)

13.10 Gluconeogenesis

387

(1)

13.11 The Hormonal Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism

388

(4)

Chemistry and Your Health 13.1 Diabetes Mellitus

389

(2)

For Future Reference Drugs That Deplete Vitamins

391

(1)

Concept Summary

392

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

392

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

393

(1)

Key Reactions

393

(1)

Exercises

394

(2)

Chemistry for Thought

396

(1)

Chapter 14 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism

397

(29)

14.1 Blood Lipids

398

(1)

14.2 Fat Mobilization

399

(3)

Over the Counter 14.1 Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs

401

(1)

14.3 Glycerol Metabolism

402

(1)

14.4 The Oxidation of Fatty Acids

402

(2)

14.5 The Energy from Fatty Acids

404

(1)

14.6 Ketone Bodies

405

(2)

Study Skills 14.1 Key Numbers for ATP Calculations

406

(1)

14.7 Fatty Acid Synthesis

407

(2)

14.8 Amino Acid Metabolism

409

(1)

14.9 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the Nitrogen Atoms

410

(14)

Chemistry and Your Health 14.1 Vegetarian Diets and Protein Requirements

412

(2)

Chemistry Around Us 14.1 Phenylketonuria (PKU)

414

(1)

14.10 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the Carbon Skeleton

415

(1)

Chemistry Around Us 14.2 Protein Power

416

(1)

14.11 Amino Acid Biosynthesis

416

(3)

For Future Reference Dietary Sources of Riboflavin

419

(1)

Concept Summary

419

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

420

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

420

(1)

Key Reactions

420

(1)

Exercises

421

(3)

Chemistry for Thought

424

(2)

Chapter 15 Body Fluids 42s

15.1 A Comparison of Body Fluids

426

(1)

15.2 Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

426

(5)

Over the Counter 15.1 Avoiding Food-Drug Interactions

429

(2)

Chemistry and Your Health 15.1 Life-Saving Bandages

431

(1)

15.3 Chemical Transport to the Cells

431

(1)

15.4 The Constituents of Urine

432

(1)

15.5 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

432

(2)

15.6 Acid-Base Balance

434

(1)

15.7 Buffer Control of Blood pH

434

(2)

Chemistry Around Us 15.1 Blood Donation

435

(1)

15.8 Respiratory Control of Blood pH

436

(1)

15.9 Urinary Control of Blood pH

436

(1)

15.10 Acidosis and Alkalosis

437

(5)

For Future Reference Drugs That May Affect the Heart

441

(1)

Concept Summary

442

(1)

Learning Objectives Assessment

442

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

442

(1)

Key Reactions

443

(1)

Exercises

443

(1)

Chemistry for Thought

444

Appendix A The International System of Measurements

A-1

Appendix B Answers to Even-Numbered End-of-Chapter Exercises

B-1

Appendix C Solutions to Learning Checks

C-1

Glossary

G-1

Index

I-1

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Organic and Biochemistry for Today

Organic and Biochemistry for Today

9780534395827

0534395821

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Organic and Biochemistry for Today

Organic and Biochemistry for Today

9780534395827

0534395821

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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