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Optical Wireless Communications: System and Channel Modelling with MATLAB«

ISBN: 9781439851883 | 1439851883
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: CRC Press
Pub. Date: 8/3/2012

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SummaryTable of Contents
Incorporating MATLAB, this book provides a single resource for optical wireless communication systems based on the systems approach. It presents past and current research activities to illustrate optical sources, transmitters, detectors, and receivers used in optical wireless communications. The text covers both indoor and outdoor environments as well as how different factors, including various channel models, affect the system performance. The authors also discuss the emerging field of visible light communications and describe techniques for m... MORE
Prefacep. xv
Authorsp. xix
List of Figuresp. xxiii
List of Tablesp. xxxvii
Abbreviationsp. xxxix
Introduction: Optical Wireless Communication Systemsp. 1
Wireless Access Schemesp. 1
A Brief History of OWCp. 7
OWC/Radio Comparisonp. 8
Link Configurationp. 11
OWC Application A... MOREp. 19
Safety and Regulationsp. 21
Maximum Permissible Exposuresp. 25
OWC Challengesp. 25
Referencesp. 30
Optical Sources and Detectorsp. 35
Light Sourcesp. 35
Light-Emitting Diodep. 38
LED Structurep. 41
Planar and Dome LEDp. 42
Edge-Emitting LEDp. 43
LED Efficienciesp. 44
Internal Quantum Efficiencyp. 44
External Quantum Efficiencyp. 45
Power Efficiencyp. 45
Luminous Efficiencyp. 46
LED Modulation Bandwidthp. 47
The Laserp. 48
Operating Principle of a Laserp. 48
Stimulated Emissionp. 49
Population Inversionp. 50
Optical Feedback and Laser Oscillationp. 50
Basic Semiconductor Laser Structurep. 51
The Structure of Common Laser Typesp. 53
Fabry-Perot Laserp. 53
Distributed Feedback Laserp. 54
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laserp. 55
Superluminescent Diodesp. 56
Comparison of LED and Laser Diodesp. 57
Photodetectorsp. 57
PIN Photodetectorp. 59
APD Photodetectorp. 61
Photodetection Techniquesp. 62
Direct Detectionp. 63
Coherent Detectionp. 63
Heterodyne Detectionp. 64
Homodyne Detectionp. 66
Photodetection Noisep. 66
Photon Fluctuation Noisep. 67
Dark Current and Excess Noisep. 68
Background Radiationp. 70
Thermal Noisep. 70
Intensity Noisep. 71
Signal-to-Noise Ratiop. 72
Optical Detection Statisticsp. 72
Referencesp. 74
Channel Modellingp. 77
Indoor Optical Wireless Communication Channelp. 77
LOS Propagation Modelp. 81
Non-LOS Propagation Modelp. 84
Ceiling Bounce Modelp. 95
Hayasaka-Ito Modelp. 96
Spherical Modelp. 97
Artificial Light Interferencep. 99
Incandescent Lampp. 100
Fluorescent Lamp Driven by Conventional Ballastp. 101
Fluorescent Lamp Modelp. 102
Outdoor Channelp. 107
Atmospheric Channel Lossp. 107
Fog and Visibilityp. 111
Beam Divergencep. 120
Optical and Window Lossp. 125
Pointing Lossp. 125
The Atmospheric Turbulence Modelsp. 126
Log-Normal Turbulence Modelp. 131
Spatial Coherence in Weak Turbulencep. 135
Limit of Log-Normal Turbulence Modelp. 137
The Gamma-Gamma Turbulence Modelp. 138
The Negative Exponential Turbulence Modelp. 142
Atmospheric Effects on OWC Test Bedp. 143
Demonstration of Scintillation Effect on Data Carrying Optical Radiationp. 146
Referencesp. 154
Modulation Techniquesp. 161
Introductionp. 161
Analogue Intensity Modulationp. 164
Digital Baseband Modulation Techniquesp. 167
Baseband Modulationsp. 167
On-Off Keyingp. 168
Error Performance on Gaussian Channelsp. 172
Pulse Position Modulationp. 178
Error Performance on Gaussian Channelsp. 182
PPM Variantsp. 186
Multilevel PPMp. 187
Differential PPMp. 188
Differential Amplitude Pulse Position Modulationp. 189
Pulse Interval Modulationp. 189
Error Performance on Gaussian Channelsp. 195
DPIM with No Guard Bandp. 199
DPIM with One Guard Slotp. 200
Optimum Threshold Levelp. 202
Dual-Header PIM (DH-PIM)p. 206
Spectral Characteristicsp. 209
Error Performance on Gaussian Channelsp. 211
Multilevel DPIMp. 215
Comparisons of Baseband Modulation Schemesp. 217
Power Efficiencyp. 217
Transmission Bandwidth Requirementsp. 219
Transmission Capacityp. 222
Transmission Ratep. 223
Peak-to-Average Power Ratiop. 224
Subcarrier Intensity Modulationp. 225
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexingp. 229
Optical Polarization Shift Keyingp. 233
Binary PolSKp. 234
Bit Error Rate Analysisp. 239
MPolSKp. 241
Differential Circle Polarization Shift Keyingp. 245
Error Probability Analysisp. 247
p. 248
Derivation of Slot Autocorrelation Function of DPIM(IGS)p. 248
p. 252
PSD of DH-PIMp. 252
Fourier Transform of DH-PIMp. 252
Power Spectral Density of DH-PIMp. 252
Further Discussion on the PSD Expressionp. 260
Referencesp. 261
System Performance Analysis: Indoorp. 267
Effect of Ambient Light Sources on Indoor OWC Link Performancep. 267
Effect of FLI without Electrical High-Pass Filteringp. 268
Matched Filter Receiverp. 269
Effect of Baseline Wander without FLIp. 277
Effect of FLI with Electrical High-Pass Filteringp. 286
Wavelet Analysisp. 293
The Continuous Wavelet Transformp. 294
The Discrete Wavelet Transformp. 297
DWT-Based Denoisingp. 298
Comparative Study of DWT and HPFp. 303
Experimental Investigationsp. 305
Link Performance for Multipath Propagationp. 310
OOKp. 310
PPMp. 317
DPIMp. 319
Mitigation Techniquesp. 320
Filteringp. 321
Equalizationp. 323
The Zero Forcing Equalizerp. 3.23
Minimum Mean Square Error Equalizerp. 325
Decision Feedback Equalizerp. 326
Equalization as a Classification Problemp. 327
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networkp. 327
Neuronp. 328
ANN Architecturesp. 329
Training Networkp. 330
Backpropagation Learningp. 331
The ANN-Based Adaptive Equalizerp. 332
Comparative Study of the ANN- and FIR-Based Equalizersp. 340
Diversity Techniquesp. 341
Referencesp. 342
FSO Link Performance under the Effect of Atmospheric Turbulencep. 347
On-Off Keyingp. 348
OOK in a Poisson Atmospheric Optical Channelp. 348
OOK in a Gaussian Atmospheric Optical Channelp. 350
Pulse Position Modulationp. 354
Subcarrier Intensity Modulationp. 358
SIM Generation and Detectionp. 359
SIM-FSO Performance in Log-Normal Atmospheric Channelp. 362
Bit Error Probability Analysis of SIM-FSOp. 366
BPSK-Modulated Subcarrierp. 367
M-Ary PSK-Modulated Subcarrierp. 373
DPSK-Modulated Subcarrierp. 374
Multiple SIM Performance Analysisp. 376
Outage Probability in Log-Normal Atmospheric Channelsp. 377
SIM-FSO Performance in Gamma-Gamma and Negative Exponential Atmospheric Channelsp. 380
Outage Probability in Negative Exponential Model Atmospheric Channelsp. 383
Atmospheric Turbulence-Induced Penaltyp. 384
p. 388
p. 388
MATLAB Scripts for Sections 6.3.2, 6.3.3.2 and 6.3.3.3p. 388
Section 6.3.2p. 388
Sections 6.3.3.2 and 6.3.3.3p. 389
Referencesp. 394
Outdoor OWC Links with Diversity Techniquesp. 397
Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigation Techniquesp. 397
Receiver Diversity in Log-Normal Atmospheric Channelsp. 400
Maximum Ratio Combiningp. 402
Equal Gain Combiningp. 404
Selection Combiningp. 406
Effect of Received Signal Correlation on Error Performancep. 407
Outage Probability with Receiver Diversity in a Log-Normal Atmospheric Channelp. 408
Transmitter Diversity in a Log-Normal Atmospheric Channelp. 409
Transmitter-Receiver Diversity in a Log-Normal Atmospheric Channelp. 410
Results and Discussions of SIM-FSO with Spatial Diversity in a Log-Normal Atmospheric Channelp. 411
SIM-FSO with Receiver Diversity in Gamma-Gamma and Negative Exponential Atmospheric Channelsp. 416
BER and Outage Probability of BPSK-SIM with Spatial Diversityp. 416
BER and Outage Probability of DPSK-SIM in Negative Exponential Channelsp. 419
Terrestrial Free Space Optical Links with Subcarrier Time Diversityp. 425
Error Performance with STDDp. 425
Error Performance of Short-Range Linksp. 427
Error Performance of Long-Range Linksp. 428
Results and Discussion for Short-Range Linksp. 429
Results and Discussion for Long-Range Linksp. 430
Aperture Averagingp. 432
Plane Wavep. 432
Spherical Wavep. 433
Gaussian Beam Wavep. 434
p. 435
Sum of Log-Normal Distribution Mean and Variance Calculationp. 435
p. 437
PDF of Imax = max(Ii}Ni=1 for Log-Normal-Distributed Variablesp. 437
p. 438
PDF of Imax = max(Ii}Ni=1 for Negative Exponential Distributed Variablesp. 438
Referencesp. 438
Visible Light Communicationsp. 443
Introductionp. 443
System Descriptionp. 448
VLC System Modelp. 452
SNR Analysisp. 463
Channel Delay Spreadp. 464
System Implementationsp. 467
Bit Angle Modulationp. 469
Pulse Modulation Schemesp. 470
PWM with Discrete Multitone Modulationp. 472
Multilevel PWM-PPMp. 474
PWM with NRZ-OOKp. 476
Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output VLCp. 477
Home Access Networkp. 486
Referencesp. 493
Indexp. 497
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.


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