CHARLES H. NOBLE is the Proffitt's Professor of Marketing and Director of the Marketing PhD Program at the University of Tennessee, where he teaches courses in product development and innovation. He is also the Vice Chair for the PDMA.

SERDAR S. DURMUSOGLU is Associate Professor of Marketing at the University of Dayton. He teaches new product development, innovation, and entrepreneurship.

ABBIE GRIFFIN holds the Royal L. Garff Presidential Chair in Marketing at the David Eccles School of Business at the University of Utah. She was editor of the Journal of Product Innovation Management from 1998 to 2003.

Introduction: The Journey into Open Innovation xiii
Charles H. Noble
Serdar S. Durmusoglu

PART 1: OPEN INNOVATION IN THE FUZZY FRONT END 1

1 DE?]BOTTLENECKING OPEN INNOVATION: TURNING PATENT?]BASED TECHNOLOGY NETWORK ANALYSIS INTO VALUE 3
Manfred Stadlbauer
Gerhard Drexler

1.1 Methods of Patent Analysis and Data Mining 3

1.2 Patent Analytics for Identifying Open Innovation Partners 12

1.3 Nanotechnology Case Study 18

1.4 Conclusion 24

2 OPEN FORESIGHT WORKSHOPS FOR OPPORTUNITY IDENTIFICATION 27
Christiane Rau
Fiona Schweitzer
Oliver Gassmann

2.1 Corporate Foresight Workshops and Processes 28

2.2 Opening Up the Foresight Process 30

2.3 Stages of Opening Up the Foresight Process 32

2.4 Pitfalls to Avoid 45

2.5 Keys to Success 46

2.6 Conclusion 50

PART 2: OPEN INNOVATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE 53

3 KEEPING UP WITH THE VIRTUAL VOICE OF THE CUSTOMER—SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS IN PRODUCT INNOVATION 57
Anna Dubiel
Tim Oliver Brexendorf
Sebastian Glöckner

3.1 Introduction 57

3.2 The Voice of the Virtual Customer 59

3.3 The Social Media Phenomenon 59

3.4 Social Media in New Product Development 62

3.5 Success Factors 76

3.6 Conclusion 78

4 PREDICTION, PREFERENCE, AND IDEA MARKETS: HOW CORPORATIONS CAN USE THE WISDOM OF THEIR EMPLOYEES 81
Peter Koen

4.1 Introduction 81

4.2 Virtual Stock Markets in Corporations: Prediction, Preference, and Idea Markets 83

4.3 How Well Do Prediction, Preference, and Idea Markets Work in Corporations? 89

4.4 Implementing a Stock Market in Corporations 95

4.5 Choosing a Virtual Stock Market Software Platform 100

4.6 Conclusions 103

About the Contributor 105

5 CATALYZING TACIT KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE WITH VISUAL THINKING TECHNIQUES TO ACHIEVE PRODUCTIVE OPEN INNOVATION COLLABORATIONS 107
Karen A. Kreutz
Kim D. Benz

5.1 Introduction 107

5.2 Visual Thinking Introduction 109

5.3 Visual Thinking and Open Innovation Endeavors 114

5.4 Understanding the Tacit Knowledge Exchange Challenges 117

5.5 Using Visual Thinking in OI Teams 122

5.6 Conclusions 129

6 USER COLLABORATION THROUGH PRIVATE ONLINE COMMUNITIES 135
Thomas Troch
Tom De Ruyck

6.1 Introduction 135

6.2 From Crowd?]Everything to Co?]Everything 136

6.3 Crowdsourcing, Co?]creation, and Structural Collaboration 137

6.4 Private Online Communities 138

6.5 How to Get Started with Private Online Communities 153

6.6 Conclusion 169

PART 3: OPEN INNOVATION WITH UNIVERSITIES 173

7 COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION ACROSS INDUSTRYACADEMY AND FUNCTIONAL BOUNDARIES: HOW COMPANIES INNOVATE WITH INTERDISCIPLINARY FACULTY AND STUDENT TEAMS 175
Jelena Spanjol
Michael J. Scott
Stephen Melamed
Albert L. Page
Donald Bergh
Peter Pfanner

7.1 Introduction 176

7.2 The IPD Model: Resolving Major Open Innovation Challenges 177

7.3 Concept Prototypes: Virtual and Physical 194

7.4 Conclusion 199

Appendix A 200

Appendix B 201

Appendix C 212

Appendix D 214

Appendix E 218

About the Contributors 222

8 OPEN INNOVATION: A FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN
INDUSTRY AND UNIVERSITIES 225
Aruna Shekar

8.1 Introduction 225

8.2 Open Innovation Program 226

8.3 A Framework for Open Innovation between University and Industry 227

8.4 An Example of an Open Innovation Project 234

8.5 What Industry Partners Can Expect from Open Innovation Projects 237

8.6 Challenges in University?]Industry Collaborations 239

8.7 Company Feedback from Industry Partners 240

8.8 Keys to Success 240

8.9 Pitfalls to Avoid 242

8.10 Benefits of the Open Innovation Program 243

8.11 Conclusions 243

About the Contributor 244

Appendix A 246

Appendix B 248

Appendix C 253

Appendix D 254

PART 4: OPEN INNOVATION FOR REALLY BIG INITIATIVES 257

9 OPEN INNOVATION AS A DISCOVERY SOLUTION FOR CONFRONTING THE
EXTRAORDINARY CHALLENGE 259
Christopher W. Miller

9.1 Surfing on Innovation Impact Waves: The Source of the Really Big Problem 260

9.2 Process, Purpose, and Payoff 260

9.3 Conclusion 276

PART 5: BEST PRACTICES AND ADVICE FOR OPEN INNOVATION 279

10 HOW TO WORK WITH SMALL COMPANIES TO EXPAND YOUR OPEN INNOVATION CAPABILITIES 281
Donna Rainone
Mike Rainone
Louise Musial

10.1 Introduction 281

10.2 Definitions 282

10.3 Background of Open Innovation 283

10.4 Two Paths: The Intraprenurial Organization versus the Outsourced Organization 284

10.5 How to Build Entrepreneurship within a Large Corporation 288

10.6 Why Working With Small Companies Is Important 293

10.7 Conclusion 295

11 BOOSTING OPEN INNOVATION BY LEVERAGING BIG DATA 299
Gerhard Drexler
Andrej Duh
Andreas Kornherr
Dean Korošak

11.1 Open Innovation and Big Data 299

11.2 Big Data Applications in Today’s World 306

11.3 Big Data Analytics in Action 308

11.4 Keys to Success and Pitfalls to Avoid 313

11.5 Conclusions 315

12 AMERICAN PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY CENTER BEST PRACTICES STUDY: USING OPEN INNOVATION TO GENERATE IDEAS 319
Christopher W. Miller
G. Anne Orban
Becky Partida
Andrea Stroud
Paige Leavitt

12.1 Open Innovation Best Practices Study 320

12.2 Open Innovation Best Practices 321

12.3 Eleven Best Open Innovation Practices 322

12.4 Open Innovation Enablers 333

12.5 Conclusion 337

INDEX 339

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