Rent 9780205267774 | One World, Many Cultures | Hirschberg, Stuart; Hirschberg, Terry; Hirschberg, Stuart; Hirschberg, Terry @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

This truly global multicultural reader features almost 60 contemporary selections by internationally acclaimed authors from 22 countries. These compelling readings explore cultural differences in relation to race, class, gender, and nationality, challenging readers to compare their experiences with those of others in radically different cultural circumstances. Introduces readers to the culture and people of other countries through the eyes of someone from that culture. Family life, adolescent relationships, gender roles, work and the environment, race and class conflicts, social and political issues, " the other, " and customs, rituals, and values from the perspectives of authors from 22 countries. " " General interest in global issues / other cultures.

Preface

Introduction

(15)

1 The Family in Different Cultures

(71)

Gayle Pemberton

... MORE

"Antidisestablishmentarianism" In this engaging, irreverent autobiographical account, the African-American author tells how her "no-nonsense" maternal grandmother taught her to think for herself.

(8)

Boris Yeltsin

"Childhood in Russia" The first democratically elected leader of Russia reveals incidents from his childhood that shaped his independent antiauthoritarian outlook

(10)

Rigoberta Menchu

"Birth Ceremonies" A Young Quiche woman describes the ceremonies designed to integrate a newborn baby into the Guatemalan Indian community

(11)

Nicholas Bornoff

"The Marriage Go-Round" The extent to which societal control of courtship and marriage in modern-day Japan still prevails is the subject of this informative account

(11)

Serena Nanda

"Arranging a Marriage in India" A researcher discusses the negotiations and expectations that govern arranged marriages in India

(9)

Shirley Saad

"Amina" [Short Story] "You are still young, Amina. God has given you four daughters, maybe the next four will be boys." A Lebanese woman who has given birth to only girls is apprehensive that her husband will take another wife in order to have a son

(4)

Pat Mora

"Remembering Lobo" The unconventional behavior of the author's aunt is the subject of this thoughtful reminiscence of Hispanic life.

(4)

Colin Turnbull

"The Mbuti Pygmies" The importance of rituals in shaping the behavior of children in Mbuti society can clearly be seen in the games they play

(6)

John Cheever

"Reunion" [Short Story] "The last time I saw my father was in Grand Central Station." A father's boorish behavior ruins a much anticipated get together.

(4)

Connecting Cultures

(2)

2 Turning Points

(70)

Christy Brown

"The Letter 'A'" The Dublin-born author recaptures the moment when he first communicated signs of intelligence, despite having been diagnosed as mentally defective due to cerebral palsy

(7)

Tepilit Ole Saitoti

"The Initiation of a Maasai Warrior" A Maasai warrior describes the rituals that initiated him into manhood

(11)

Nawal El Saadawi

"Circumcision of Girls" An Egyptian physician and leading feminist speaks out against the continuing practice of female circumcision in the Sudan, Yemen, Somalia, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt

107

(14)

Hanan al-Shaykh

"The Persian Carpet" [Short Story] "In confusion I looked at the Persian carpet spread on the floor, then gave my mother a long look." This story from Lebanon tells how the reappearance of a carpet thought to have been stolen permanently alters a young young girl's relationship with her mother

121

(6)

N. Scott Momaday

"The Names" A celebrated Kiowa author recalls a crucial moment when he was suspended between life and death

127

(4)

Sucheng Chan

"You're Short, Besides!" The Chinese-American author's humor and courage in confronting and overcoming personal infirmities emerge from this account

131

(8)

Dino Buzzati

"The Falling Girl" [Short Story] "Seeing these things, Marta hopelessly leaned out over the railing and let herself go." An Italian author blends social criticism with surrealism in this parable of the attraction of social status, acceptance, and wealth to Italy's post-World War II generation

139

(6)

Kjell Westo

"Melba, Mallinen and me" [Short Story] "Until Mallinen arrived, my status was always in doubt." Born in Sweden and raised in Finland, the narrator describes how the arrival of a protector saves him from the school bully

145

(10)

Connecting Cultures

155

(2)

3 How Culture Shapes Gender Roles

157

(66)

Kim Chernin

"The Flesh and the Devil" A perceptive social critic draws on personal experiences in this indictment of cultural pressures that tyrannize women into losing weight to attain an ideal form.

159

(8)

Judith Ortiz Cofer

"The Myth of the Latin Woman" The author reveals how cross-cultural misunderstandings led her to be stereotyped as a "hot-blooded" Latina

167

(6)

Sembene Ousmane

"Her Three Days" [Short Story] "Noumbe remembered only too well that when she was newly married she had usurped the second wife's three days." In this story set in Mali, we see the plight of a "third wife" waiting for her husband

173

(14)

Deborah Tannen

"Talk in the Intimate Relationship" A linguist analyzes the reasons men and women misunderstand each other

187

(11)

Lennard J. Davis

"Visualizing the Disabled Body" An incisive cultural observer explores the paradox of why the truncated Venus de Milo is perceived as beautiful while a human counterpart might be shunned

198

(9)

Andrew Sullivan

"What Are Homosexuals For?" The editor of the New Republic explores the personal impact of having declared his homosexuality

207

(11)

Rosa Liksom

"One Night Stands" [Short Story] "They claimed it was my civic duty to reveal the identity of the child's father." An observer of the post-punk contemporary urban scene in Finland creates an indelible portrait of alienation

218

(4)

Connecting Cultures

222

(1)

4 How Work Creates Identity

223

(61)

Lesley Hazleton

"Confessions of a Fast Women" The author describes the challenges and rewards of being the only woman apprentice in an auto repair shop

225

(6)

Camara Laye

"The Village Goldsmith" The author's respect for his father's vocation as an accomplished goldsmith pervades this autobiographical account of a young boy in Guinea

231

(8)

Anton Vassilievich

"Radiation Expert" A radiation expert flown in immediately after the Chernobyl disaster describes the extraordinary measures taken to cope with the dangerously high levels of radioactivity

239

(5)

Mark Salzman

"Lessons" A young American martial arts student describes his unusual apprenticeship to one of China's greatest traditional boxers in exchange for English lessons.

244

(8)

Kon Krailet

"In the Mirror" [Short Story] "'Have you found a job yet?' How can he possibly tell his mother about the kind of work that he has found?" A sex show performer in Bangkok must conceal his vocation from his family in the countryside

252

(9)

Studs Terkel

"Ron Maydon" A perceptive sociologist explores the problematic status of a Mexican-American worker who believes that Hispanics serve as a "buffer" between the Anglo and African-American communities

261

(6)

R. K. Narayan

"Misguided 'Guide'" The distinguished Indian novelist offers a rueful appraisal of an attempt to transform one of his novels into a popular movie

267

(11)

Moacyr Scliar

"A Brief History of Capitalism" [Short Story] "My father was a communist and a car mechanic." The predicament of a true believer in communism is the subject of this ironic story by a Brazilian writer

278

(4)

Connecting Cultures

282

(2)

5 Class Conflicts

284

(71)

Roland Barthes

"Ornamental Cookery" The father of semiotics analyzes the depiction of food in popular magazines

286

(3)

Jo Goodwin Parker

"What Is Poverty?" The author spells out the answer in this uncompromising account of what it is like to be poor in rural southern America

289

(5)

Mahdokht Kashkuli

"The Button" [Short Story] "I had cocked my ears to hear who that 'one less mouth to feed' was." This poignant story describes the circumstances that lead a family to place one of its children in an orphanage in contemporary Iran

294

(7)

Alonso Salazar

"The Lords of Creation" The testimony of a teenage contract killer and an interview with his mother offer unparalleled insight into the world of Medellin, Colombia's drug capital

301

(17)

Jamaica Kincaid

"A Small Place" A native of Antigua compels us to see tourists through the eyes of those whose countries they visit

318

(9)

Mary Crow Dog

Richard Erdoes

"Civilize Them with a Stick" An outspoken advocate for Native-American rights graphically depicts the racism she experienced as a young student at a government-run boarding school

327

(8)

Constance Classen

"The Odour of the Other" An eminent scholar explores the historical and cross-cultural symbolism of smell

335

(11)

Catherine Lim

"Paper" [Short Story] "Once the notion of a big beautiful house had lodged itself in his imagination, Tay Soon nurtured it until it became the consuming passion of his life." The lure of easy money draws a middle-class couple into the frenzy of the Singapore Stock Exchange

346

(7)

Connecting Cultures

353

(2)

6 Power and Politics

355

(73)

Golda Meir

"We Have Our State" The former prime minister of Israel describes her feelings of elation at the ceremony marking the formation of the state of Israel on May 14, 1948

357

(6)

Albert Camus

"The Guest" [Short Story] "That man's stupid crime revolted him, but to hand him over was contrary to honor." In this classic tale by the Nobel Prize-winning author, a Frenchman living in Algeria must choose between loyalty to the European community or compassion toward an Arab prisoner he must deliver for execution

363

(13)

Slavenka Drakulic

"The Balkan Express" During a journey to Zagreb a Croatian journalist reflects on the horrors of the Serbo-Croatian war

376

(5)

Ngugi wa Thiong'O

"Decolonising the Mind" The author discusses the damaging psychological and cultural effects of being forbidden to speak or write one's native language under British colonial domination of Kenya

381

(10)

Jon Swain

"The Eyes of Vietnam" A riveting eyewitness account by a journalist reveals the tragic fate of many Vietnamese boat people

391

(10)

Nien Cheng

"The Red Guards" A survivor of the purge inflicted by the Red Guards describes the events of a day in Shanghai at the beginning of China's Cultural Revolution

401

(10)

Feng Jicai

"The Tall Woman and Her Short Husband" [Short Story] "Ever since this couple moved in, the old residents had eyed them curiously." A Chinese writer weaves an unforgettable tale of petty jealousies and political enmity during the Cultural Revolution

411

(9)

Panos Ioannides

"Gregory" [Short Story] "How the devil could you kill such a friend?" Based on a true incident that occurred during the Cypriot liberation struggle against the British, this compelling story takes the reader into the mind of a soldier ordered to shoot a prisoner who had saved his life and become his friend

420

(6)

Connecting Cultures

426

(2)

7 Strangers in a Strange Land

428

(73)

Edward Said

"Reflections on Exile" A professor of comparative literature makes the case that the condition of exile in this age of the refugee, displaced person, and mass immigration is the central defining feature of our times

430

(7)

William M. Kephart

"The Gypsies" The fascinating and enigmatic lifestyle of this mysterious group is the subject of this thought-provoking analysis

437

(15)

Joan Didion

"Miami: The Cuban Presence" An American essayist explores the important role Cuban immigrants have played in revitalizing Miami

452

(11)

Le Ly Hayslip

"Yearning to Breathe Free" The Vietnamese author relates the challenges she faced in adapting to her new American husband, family, and culture

463

(11)

Luis Alberto Urrea

"Border Story" The survival of the human spirit in harrowing conditions on the United States-Mexican border is portrayed in this haunting account

474

(14)

Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel

"Individualism as an American Cultural Value" A scholar raised in Thailand takes a critical look at differences between Thai and American cultural values

488

(8)

Gloria Anzaldua

"Cervicide" [Short Story] "In the shed behind the corral, where they'd hidden the fawn, Prieta found the hammer." A Chicana poet tells the poignant story of a Mexican-American family on the Texas border that is forced to kill its pet deer

496

(3)

Connecting Cultures

499

(2)

8 The Role Customs Play in Different Cultures

501

(78)

Nick Fiddes

"The Power of Meat" A social anthropologist offers a provocative study of the symbolism of meat eating

503

(11)

Napoleon A. Chagnon

"Doing Fieldwork among the Yanomamo" An anthropologist describes the "culture shock" he experienced during the years he lived among the Yanomamo, a warlike tribe of Indians settled along the Amazon River in Brazil

514

(16)

Gretel Ehrlich

"To Live in Two Worlds" An ex-urbanite who moved to Wyoming describes an occasion when she was invited to witness the Kiowa Sun Dance, the holiest religious ceremony of this Plains tribe

530

(10)

Raymonde Carroll

"Home" Drawing on her own multicultural experiences, the author analyzes the many ways in which the French and Americans misinterpret each other's culturally conditioned customs

540

(9)

Alison Lurie

"The Language of Clothes" The Pulitzer Prize-winning author addresses the social symbolism of clothes and body decorations

549

(7)

David R. Counts

"Too Many Bananas" An anthropologist doing fieldwork in New Guinea has to rethink many of his cultural assumptions regarding reciprocal exchanges of food and goods

556

(8)

Octavio Paz

"The Day of the Dead" The former Mexican ambassador to India and winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize for literature offers a trenchant analysis of the importance of fiestas to the Mexican national psyche

564

(7)

Nabil Gorgy

"Cairo Is a Small City" [Short Story] "So it was that the Engineer Adil Salim fell in love with the beautiful Bedouin girl Salma." This story relates how a successful engineer who prides himself on his shrewdness is manipulated through his desire for a Bedouin girl into paying an "eye for an eye."

571

(6)

Connecting Cultures

577

(2)

9 The Unseen World

579

(68)

Gino Del Guercio

"The Secrets of Haiti's Living Dead" Wade Davis, a Harvard ethnobotanist whose research was the basis of the book (and subsequent 1988 movie) The Serpent and the Rainbow, investigates how the creation of zombies by voodoo secret societies acts as a form of social control in deterring crimes against the community

581

(9)

Leslie Marmon Silko

"Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective" The profound differences between Laguna Pueblo and Christian views of the natural and spiritual world are illustrated through stories in this essay.

590

(12)

Bessie Head

"Looking for a Rain God" [Short Story] "There was," he said, "a certain rain god who accepted only the sacrifice of the bodies of children." A Botswanian writer tells the story of a local incident in which a family reverts to an outlawed ritual in the in the face of a seven-year drought.

602

(5)

Aung San Suu Kyi

"My Country and People" The human rights activist and winner of the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize relates the pervading influence of Buddhism on all aspects of Burmese culture

607

(11)

Abioseh Nicol

"Life Is Sweet at Kumansenu" [Short Story] "Bola could not overcome vague suspicions about her son's secret visit. Perhaps it was because mystery had marked his life from the beginning." The tribal belief that spirits can return by reentering the womb to be born again underlies this eerie tale of a son who inexplicably appears to bid his mother goodbye.

618

(8)

Naguib Mahfouz

"Half a Day" [Short Story] "How could all of this have happened in half a day, between early morning and sunset?" This intriguing parable by an Egyptian writer depicts symbolically the universal experience of the passing of time.

626

(5)

Carol Spindel

"Blessings" The integral function of blessings in everyday village life in Cote d'Ivoire is the subject of this thoughtful appraisal

631

(5)

Premchand

"Deliverance" [Short Story] "Today when he came home from the shrine in his house he saw Dukhi the Untouchable tanner sitting there with a bundle of grass." One of the greatest writers of modern Indian literature spins a tale of pathos and hypocrisy

636

(8)

Connecting Cultures

644

(3)

Rhetorical Index

647

(6)

Geographical Index

653

(4)

Acknowledgments