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Nursing Research : Principles and Methods

ISBN: 9780781715621 | 0781715628
Format: Trade Book
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Pub. Date: 11/13/1998

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SummaryTable of Contents
The Sixth Edition of this classic text maintains its place as the "Gold Standard" of nursing research. Internationally known, respected and used, the text provides readers with the skills they need to design and implement a research investigation and critically evaluate published research reports. Now completely revised and updated to reflect the latest trends in quantitative and qualitative research, this classic offers a focused, "how-to" approach. New in this edition: expanded discussion of qualitative approaches; demonstration triangulation... MORE
PART I THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROCESS1(76)
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Nursing Research
3(20)
Nursing Research in Perspective
3... MORE
Historical Evolution of Nursing Research
5(3)
Sources of Knowledge for Nursing
8(2)
Paradigms for Nursing Research
10(6)
The Purposes of Nursing Research
16(3)
Research Examples
19(1)
Summary
20(1)
Study Activities
21(1)
Suggested Readings
22(1)
CHAPTER 2 Overview of the Research Process
23(26)
Basic Research Terminology
23(2)
Major Steps in a Quantitative Study
35(7)
Activities in a Qualitative Study
42(2)
Research Examples
44(1)
Summary
45(1)
Study Activities
46(1)
Suggested Readings
47(2)
CHAPTER 3 Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
49(28)
Overview of Research Problems
49(2)
Sources of Research Problems
51(2)
Development and Refinement of Research Problems
53(5)
Communicating the Research Problem
58(4)
Research Hypotheses
62(8)
Tips on Developing Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
70(1)
Research Examples
71(1)
Summary
72(1)
Study Activities
73(1)
Suggested Readings
74(3)
PART II CONTEXTS FOR NURSING RESEARCH77(76)
CHAPTER 4 The Knowledge Context: Literature Reviews
79(26)
Purposes of a Literature Review
79(1)
Scope of a Literature Search
80(3)
Locating Relevant Literature for a Research Review
83(7)
Reading Research Reports
90(6)
Preparing a Written Literature Review
96(4)
Research Examples of Research Literature Reviews
100(2)
Summary
102(1)
Study Activities
103(1)
Suggested Readings
104(1)
CHAPTER 5 Conceptual and Theoretical Contexts
105(26)
Theories, Models, and Frameworks
105(5)
The Nature of Theories and Conceptual Models
110(2)
Conceptual Models Used in Nursing Research
112(5)
Testing, Using, and Developing a Theory or Framework
117(4)
Tips on Frameworks in Nursing Studies
121(2)
Research Examples
123(2)
Summary
125(1)
Study Activities
126(1)
Suggested Readings
127(4)
CHAPTER 6 The Ethical Context of Nursing Research
131(22)
The Need for Ethical Guidelines
131(3)
The Principle of Beneficence
134(2)
The Principle of Respect for Human Dignity
136(2)
The Principle of Justice
138(2)
Informed Consent
140(3)
Vulnerable Subjects
143(1)
External Reviews and the Protection of Human Rights
144(3)
Tips on Addressing Ethical Issues in a Research Study
147(1)
Research Examples
148(1)
Summary
149(2)
Study Activities
151(1)
Suggested Readings
151(2)
PART III DESIGNS FOR NURSING RESEARCH153(154)
CHAPTER 7 Selecting a Research Design
155(20)
Aspects of Research Design
155(5)
Overview of Research Design Types
160(6)
Characteristics of Good Design
166(3)
Tips on Designing Research
169(1)
Research Examples
170(1)
Summary
171(1)
Study Activities
172(1)
Suggested Readings
172(3)
CHAPTER 8 Research Design for Quantitative Studies
175(44)
Experimental Research
175(11)
Quasi-Experimental Research
186(7)
Nonexperimental Research
193(7)
Additional Types of Quantitative Research
200(11)
Tips for Designing Quantitative Studies
211(1)
Summary
212(2)
Study Activities
214(1)
Suggested Readings
215(4)
CHAPTER 9 Research Control in Quantitative Research
219(20)
Controlling External Factors
219(2)
Controlling Intrinsic Factors
221(6)
Internal Validity
227(4)
External Validity
231(2)
External Versus Internal Validity
233(1)
Tips for Enhancing Research Control
233(1)
Research Example
234(2)
Summary
236(1)
Study Activities
237(1)
Suggested Readings
237(2)
CHAPTER 10 Qualitative Research Design and Approaches
239(18)
The Design of Qualitative Studies
239(3)
Qualitative Research Traditions
242(6)
Other Types of Qualitative Research
248(3)
Research Examples
251(2)
Summary
253(2)
Study Activities
255(1)
Suggested Readings
255(2)
CHAPTER 11 Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Designs
257(20)
Rationale for Multimethod Research
257(3)
Applications of Multimethod Research
260(4)
Multimethod Research Designs
264(1)
Strategies for Multimethod Research
265(2)
Obstacles to Multimethod Research
267(2)
Tips for Conducting Multimethod Research
269(1)
Research Examples
269(3)
Summary
272(1)
Study Activities
273(1)
Suggested Readings
274(3)
CHAPTER 12 Sampling Designs
277(30)
Basic Sampling Concepts in Quantitative Studies
277(4)
Nonprobability Sampling
281(3)
Probability Sampling
284(5)
Sample Size in Quantitative Studies
289(3)
Implementing a Sampling Plan in Quantitative Studies
292(4)
Sampling in Qualitative Research
296(4)
Research Examples
300(2)
Summary
302(2)
Study Activities
304(1)
Suggested Readings
304(3)
PART IV MEASUREMENT AND DATA COLLECTION307(130)
CHAPTER 13 Designing and Implementing a Data Collection Plan
309(22)
Existing Data Versus New Data
309(1)
Dimensions of Data Collection Approaches
310(2)
Major Types of Data Collection Methods
312(3)
Developing a Data Collection Plan
315(7)
Implementing a Data Collection Plan
322(1)
Tips for Developing and Implementing Data Collection Plans
323(2)
Research Examples
325(2)
Summary
327(1)
Study Activities
328(1)
Suggested Readings
328(1)
CHAPTER 14 Self-Reports
331(32)
Unstructured and Semi-Structured Self-Report Techniques
331(3)
Structured Self-Report Instruments
334(11)
Administration of Self-Report Instruments
345(4)
Questionnaires Versus Interviews: An Assessment
349(1)
Response Biases
350(1)
Tips for Developing Self-Report Instruments
351(3)
Research Examples
354(3)
Summary
357(1)
Study Activities
358(1)
Suggested Readings
359(4)
CHAPTER 15 Observational Methods
363(22)
Observational Issues
363(3)
Observational Methods: Unstructured Observations
366(4)
Observational Methods: Structured Observations
370(7)
Mechanical Aids in Observations
377(1)
Observer Biases
378(1)
Tips for Gathering Observational Data
378(1)
Research Examples
379(1)
Summary
380(2)
Study Activities
382(1)
Suggested Readings
382(3)
CHAPTER 16 Biophysiologic and Other Data Collection Methods
385(22)
Biophysiologic Measures
385(7)
Records and Available Data
392(2)
Q Methodology
394(3)
Projective Techniques
397(2)
Vignettes
399(1)
Cognitive and Neuropsychological Tests
400(2)
Tips for Collecting Data With Alternative Methods
402(1)
Summary
402(1)
Study Activities
402(1)
Suggested Readings
402(5)
CHAPTER 17 Assessing Data Quality
407(30)
Measurement
407(4)
Reliability of Measuring Instruments
411(7)
Validity
418(6)
Other Criteria for Assessing Quantitative Measures
424(2)
Assessment of Qualitative Data
426(5)
Tips for Assessing Data quality
431(1)
Research Examples
432(1)
Summary
433(1)
Study Activities
434(1)
Suggested Readings
435(2)
PART V THE ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH DATA437(166)
CHAPTER 18 Quantitative Analysis: Descriptive Statistics
439(30)
Levels of Measurement
439(4)
Frequency Distributions
443(5)
Central Tendency
448(3)
Variability
451(4)
Bivariate Descriptive Statistics: Contingency Tables and Correlation
455(4)
The Computer and Descriptive Statistics
459(4)
Tips for Applying Levels of Measurement and Descriptive Statistics
463(1)
Research Example
464(2)
Summary
466(1)
Study Activities
467(1)
Suggested Readings
467(2)
CHAPTER 19 Inferential Statistics
469(38)
Sampling Distributions
469(3)
Estimation of Parameters
472(1)
Hypothesis Testing
473(6)
Testing Differences Between Two Group Means
479(4)
Testing Differences Between Three or More Group Means
483(4)
Testing Differences in Proportions
487(1)
Testing Relationships Between Two Variables
488(1)
Power Analysis
489(8)
The Computer and Inferential Statistics
497(1)
Tips for Using Inferential Statistics
498(4)
Research Examples
502(1)
Summary
503(2)
Study Activities
505(1)
Suggested Readings
506(1)
CHAPTER 20 Multivariate Statistical Procedures
507(38)
Multiple Regression and Correlation
507(9)
Analysis of Covariance
516(4)
Factor Analysis
520(5)
Other Least-Squares Multivariate Techniques
525(2)
Causal Modeling
527(5)
Other Multivariate Statistical Procedures
532(1)
The Computer and Multivariate Statistics
533(3)
Tips for Using Multivariate Statistics
536(2)
Research Examples
538(3)
Summary
541(1)
Study Activities
542(1)
Suggested Readings
542(3)
CHAPTER 21 Designing and Implementing a Quantitative Analysis Strategy
545(28)
Phases in the Analysis of Quantitative Data
545(1)
Pre-analysis Phase
545(7)
Preliminary Assessments and Actions
552(8)
Principal Analyses
560(1)
Interpretation of Results
561(6)
Tips for Developing and Implementing an Analysis
567(1)
Research Examples
567(3)
Summary
570(1)
Study Activities
571(1)
Suggested Readings
571(2)
CHAPTER 22 The Analysis of Qualitative Data
573(18)
Introduction to Qualitative Analysis
573(3)
Qualitative Data Management and Organization
576(3)
Analytic Procedures
579(6)
Interpretation of Qualitative Findings
585(1)
Illustration of Qualitative Analysis Activities
585(1)
Tips for Analyzing Qualitative Data
586(1)
Research Examples
587(1)
Summary
588(1)
Study Activities
589(1)
Suggested Readings
590(1)
CHAPTER 23 Computers and Nursing Research
591(12)
Introduction to Computers
591(4)
Networks and the Internet
595(2)
Available Programs for Statistical Analysis
597(2)
Computers and the Analysis of Qualitative Data
599(1)
Tips for Using Computers
600(1)
Summary
601(1)
Study Activities
602(1)
Suggested Readings
602(1)
PART VI COMMUNICATION IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS603(92)
CHAPTER 24 Writing a Research Report
605(18)
The Research Report: Content
605(8)
The Style of a Research Report
613(1)
Types of Research Reports
614(3)
Tips for Writing Research Reports
617(1)
Summary
618(1)
Study Activities
619(1)
Suggested Readings
619(4)
CHAPTER 25 Evaluating Research Reports
623(22)
The Research Critique
623(2)
Elements of a Research Critique
625(14)
Conclusion
639(1)
Research Examples
639(3)
Summary
642(1)
Study Activities
642(1)
Suggested Readings
642(3)
CHAPTER 26 Utilization of Nursing Research
645(26)
What is Research Utilization?
645(1)
Research Utilization in Nursing
646(5)
Barriers to Utilizing Nursing Research
651(3)
Tips for Improving Research Utilization
654(5)
The Utilization Process and Criteria for Utilization
659(6)
Research Examples
665(1)
Summary
666(1)
Study Activities
667(1)
Suggested Readings
667(4)
CHAPTER 27 Writing a Research Proposal
671(24)
Overview of Proposal Preparation
671(4)
Grant Applications to the National Institutes of Health
675(13)
Funding for Research Proposals
688(3)
Conclusion
691(1)
Summary
691(1)
Study Activities
692(1)
Suggested Readings
692(3)
Glossary695(24)
Appendix A: Human Subject Protocol719(4)
Appendix B: Statistical Tables723(8)
Subject Index731(20)
Name Index751

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