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The New American Democracy, Alternate Edition

ISBN: 9780321210012 | 0321210018
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Longman
Pub. Date: 1/1/2005

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SummaryTable of Contents
With an emphasis on elections and their importance in our political system, Morris Fiorina and Paul Peterson' s groundbreaking text offers a stimulating, analytical approach to American government that engages students as it gives them a unique understanding of their political system as it exists and functions today.
This Alternate Edition is the comprehensive version of The New American Democracy without the policy chapters. Focusing on electoral forces, this text offers a stimulating, analytical approach that giv... MORE
To the Studentsxix
To Our Colleaguesxxv
Acknowledgmentsxxxi
About the Authorsxxxiii
PART 1 The Foundations of a New American Democracy
... MORE
Democracy in the United States
1(24)
Elections in America
3(3)
Half-a-Million Elected Officials
4(1)
Nominating Candidates and Deciding Issues
4(2)
International Comparison: Elections in Other Democracies
6(1)
Government and Politics
6(2)
Types of Government
8(3)
Government by One Person
8(1)
Government by the Few
8(1)
Government by the Many
9(1)
Popular and Responsible Democracy in the United States
10(1)
The New American Democracy
11(9)
The Permanent Campaign
11(5)
Minorities and Elections
16(3)
Majorities and Elections
19(1)
Reform?
20(1)
Benefits of an Electoral Democracy: A Pretty Good Government
21(1)
Chapter Summary
22(1)
Key Terms
23(1)
Suggested Readings
23(1)
On the Web
24(1)
Establishing a Constitutional Democracy
25(30)
The Colonial and Revolutionary Era
27(6)
The Colonial Experience with Democracy
27(2)
Spread of Democratic Ideals During the Revolutionary War
29(2)
Theory of Rights and Representation
31(2)
Government After Independence
33(3)
Broadening Participation
34(1)
The Articles of Confederation (1781--1789)
34(2)
Drafting and Adopting a New Constitution
36(10)
The Constitutional Convention
37(3)
A Government of Separated Powers
40(3)
The Bill of Rights
43(1)
The Anti-Federalist---Federalist Debate
44(2)
Amendments to the Constitution
46(2)
Election Connection: Amendments to the Constitution Have Extended Liberties and Tightened the Election Connection
48(1)
The Constitution: An Assessment
48(4)
A Step Backward?
48(2)
Achievements
50(1)
The Constitution Today
50(1)
International Comparison: Constitution Making in Iraq
51(1)
Chapter Summary
52(1)
Key Terms
53(1)
Suggested Readings
53(1)
On the Web
54(1)
Federalism: Division of Power Among National, State, and Local Governments
55(30)
The Federalism Debate: It's New But It's Old
57(3)
Federalism in Context
57(1)
International Comparison: Great Britain and the United States: Unitary and Federal Governments
58(1)
Federalism and the Ratification of the Constitution
59(1)
The Evolution of the Federalism Debate
60(3)
Dual Sovereignty and Nullification
61(2)
The Supreme Court and the Meaning of Dual Sovereignty
63(4)
The Commerce Clause and the Court-Packing Episode
63(2)
Necessary and Proper Clause
65(1)
State Sovereign Immunity
66(1)
Cooperative Federalism
67(9)
Spending Clause
67(1)
A Government of Shared Functions
68(1)
Categorical Grants
69(1)
Problems of Implementation
70(1)
Block Grants
71(3)
The Contemporary Debate
74(1)
Democratic Dilemma: Categorical or Block Grant: Which Is Better?
75(1)
Local Government
76(4)
The Number and Types of Local Governments
77(1)
Local Elections
78(1)
Popularity of Local Government
78(1)
Limits on Local Government
79(1)
State Government
80(3)
State Elections
80(1)
Variation in State Government Responsibilities
81(1)
Recent Developments at the State Level
81(2)
Chapter Summary
83(1)
Key Terms
84(1)
Suggested Readings
84(1)
On the Web
84(1)
American Political Culture
85(34)
International Comparison: Citizenship in Europe and United States
88(1)
Americans: A Contradictory People?
88(1)
Social Diversity
89(8)
A Nation of Immigrants Then
90(4)
A Nation of Immigrants Now
94(1)
Immigration as a Contemporary Issue
94(3)
Philosophical Unity
97(9)
American Individualism
98(4)
The Tension Between Individualism and Equality
102(1)
One Nation, Under God?
103(3)
Why a Liberal Political Culture?
106(5)
Traditional Explanations of American Liberalism
106(2)
Newer Explanations
108(2)
Election Connection: Bush Courts the Latino Vote
110(1)
Chapter Summary
111(1)
Key Terms
111(1)
Suggested Readings
111(1)
On the Web
112(1)
Voices of the Permanent Campaign: The Racial Politics of Affirmative Action
113(6)
PART 2 The Ingredients of the New American Democracy
Public Opinion
119(28)
What Is Public Opinion?
122(1)
Sources of Public Opinion
122(4)
Socialization
122(1)
Personal Experiences
123(1)
Self-Interest
123(1)
Education
124(1)
Reference Groups
124(1)
The Media
125(1)
Measuring Public Opinion
126(8)
Sampling Error
126(1)
Selection Bias
127(1)
Measurement Error
128(6)
Characteristics of Public Opinion
134(7)
Public Opinion Is Uninformed
134(3)
Public Opinion Is Not Ideological
137(1)
Public Opinion Is Inconsistent
138(3)
Governing by Public Opinion?
141(4)
The Power of Public Opinion
141(1)
The Limits of Public Opinion: Gun Control
142(3)
Chapter Summary
145(1)
Key Terms
145(1)
Suggested Readings
146(1)
On the Web
146(1)
Individual Participation
147(24)
A Brief History of the Franchise in the United States
149(4)
Voting Rights in the Amendment Process
150(2)
How Voting Rights Spread
152(1)
Why People Participate: Costs and Benefits
153(1)
International Comparisons of Voter Turnout
154(6)
Personal Costs and Benefits: Registration
155(1)
Election Connection: Nonvoters Who Actually Turned Out
156(1)
Personal Costs and Benefits: Compulsion
157(1)
Other Personal Costs and Benefits
157(1)
Democratic Dilemma: Can Voters Speak for Those Who Abstain?
158(1)
Mobilization and Turnout
159(1)
Why Has American Turnout Declined?
160(3)
Declining Personal Benefits
161(1)
Declining Mobilization
161(1)
Declining Social Connectedness
162(1)
Who Votes and Who Doesn't?
163(1)
Is Low Turnout a Problem?
164(3)
Three Arguments Why Low Turnout Is Not a Problem
164(1)
Three Arguments Why Low Turnout Is a Problem
165(2)
Evaluating the Arguments
167(1)
Beyond the Voting Booth
167(2)
Chapter Summary
169(1)
Key Terms
170(1)
Suggested Readings
170(1)
On the Web
170(1)
Interest-Group Participation in American Democracy
171(26)
Interest Groups in the United States
173(3)
Growth and Development of Groups
173(2)
The Nature and Variety of ``Interest Groups''
175(1)
Forming and Maintaining Interest Groups
176(6)
The Free-Rider Problem
177(1)
Overcoming the Free-Rider Problem
178(4)
How Interest Groups Influence Government
182(9)
Lobbying
182(2)
Grassroots Lobbying
184(1)
Electioneering and PACs
184(2)
Persuading the Public
186(2)
Direct Action
188(1)
Litigation
188(1)
Democratic Dilemma: Strange Bedfellows: The Battle for Seattle, 1999
189(1)
Why Groups Use Particular Tactics
190(1)
How Influential Are Interest Groups?
191(1)
Subgovernments
191(1)
Issue Networks
192(1)
Interest Groups and Democratic Politics
192(3)
Chapter Summary
195(1)
Key Terms
195(1)
Suggested Readings
195(1)
On the Web
196(1)
Political Parties
197(24)
What Parties Do
199(6)
How Parties Contribute to Democratic Politics
200(1)
How Parties Detract from Democratic Politics
201(4)
The Balance Sheet
205(1)
Political Parties in American History
205(8)
The Party-Systems Interpretation of American History
206(6)
Democratic Dilemma: Is Gridlock Necessarily Bad?
212(1)
Two-Party and Multi-Party Systems
213(2)
How Strong Are American Parties Today?
215(4)
The Decline of Party Organizations
216(1)
The Revival of Party Organizations?
217(2)
Parties Versus Interest Groups
219(1)
Chapter Summary
219(1)
Key Terms
220(1)
Suggested Readings
220(1)
On the Web
220(1)
The Media
221(32)
Development of the Mass Media
223(7)
Newspapers and Magazines
223(2)
Radio
225(1)
Television
226(1)
New Media
227(2)
Government Regulation of the Electronic Media
229(1)
What Information Sources Do Americans Rely On?
230(2)
Media Effects
232(4)
Agenda Setting
232(1)
Priming and Framing
233(1)
Socialization
234(1)
How Strong Are Media Effects?
235(1)
Media Biases
236(6)
Ideological Bias
236(2)
Selection Bias
238(2)
International Comparison: Aljazeera---Questionable Sources?
240(1)
Professional Bias
240(1)
Prospects for Change
241(1)
The Media and Electoral Politics
242(3)
Campaign Coverage
242(1)
The Conventions
243(1)
The Presidential Debates
244(1)
Media Coverage of Government
245(2)
Emphasis on the President (and Other Personalities)
245(1)
Emphasis on Conflict
245(2)
Emphasis on the Negative
247(1)
Exaggerated Concern with the Press
247(1)
Chapter Summary
247(1)
Key Terms
248(1)
Suggested Readings
248(1)
On the Web
248(1)
Voices of the Permanent Campaign: Cultural Politics in America
249(4)
PART 3 Campaigns and Elections
Electing the President
253(28)
Nominating a Presidential Candidate
255(8)
Caucuses
255(1)
Election Connection: A 2004 Caucus Experience
256(1)
Primaries
257(1)
Evolution of the Nomination Process
257(1)
Financing Nomination Campaigns
258(1)
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Nomination Process
259(3)
Who Nominates the Vice-President?
262(1)
The General Election for President
263(4)
Financing the General-Election Campaign
263(1)
Spending in the General-Election Campaign
264(1)
International Comparison: Campaign Financing in Other Democracies
265(1)
The Electoral College
266(1)
Voting Behavior in Presidential Elections
267(7)
When Americans Decide
267(1)
How Americans Decide
268(5)
Limited Media Influence on Presidential Elections
273(1)
The Contemporary Presidential Election Scene
274(5)
The 1970s and 1980s: Republican ``Lock''
274(1)
The 1990s: Democratic Resurgence
275(3)
The 2000 Election
278(1)
The 2004 Showdown
279(1)
Chapter Summary
279(1)
Key Terms
279(1)
Suggested Readings
280(1)
On the Web
280(1)
Choosing the Congress
281(30)
The Electoral Evolution of the Congress
283(2)
Reapportionment and Redistricting
285(1)
Democratic Dilemma: Why Not Senate Districts?
286(1)
The Congressional Nomination Process
286(1)
Contemporary House Elections
287(7)
Party Decline
288(1)
Growth in Importance of ``Representative'' Behavior
288(1)
Expanding Member Resources
289(1)
Campaign Funds
290(2)
More Responsive Incumbents
292(2)
Contemporary Senate Elections
294(2)
Party Competition
294(1)
Uncontrolled Information
294(1)
Better Challengers
295(1)
High Ambitions
295(1)
National Forces in Congressional Elections
296(3)
National Forces in the 1990s: A New Era?
297(1)
Congressional Elections in the 2000s: Neck and Neck
297(1)
Why Have National Forces Grown Stronger?
298(1)
Do Congressional Elections Produce a Representative Body?
299(5)
Women
300(1)
Minorities
301(2)
Elections, Parties, and Group Representation
303(1)
Chapter Summary
304(1)
Key Terms
305(1)
Suggested Readings
305(1)
On the Web
305(1)
Voices of the Permanent Campaign: The Funding of Election Campaigns
306(5)
PART 4 The Government
The Congress and Its Work
311(24)
Congress---The First Branch
314(2)
The Organization of Congress
316(10)
The Congressional Parties
316(1)
International Comparison: Congress in a Presidential System
317(3)
The Committee System
320(5)
Democratic Dilemma: Piles of Pork
325(1)
Caucuses
326(1)
How a Bill Becomes a Law
326(3)
Evaluating Congress
329(4)
Criticisms of Congress
329(2)
Why Americans Like Their Members of Congress So Much More Than Congress Itself
331(1)
Reforming Congress: Limit Their Terms?
332(1)
Chapter Summary
333(1)
Key Terms
334(1)
Suggested Readings
334(1)
On the Web
334(1)
The Presidency: Powers and Practice
335(28)
Presidential Constituencies
337(2)
National Constituency
337(1)
Partisan Constituencies
338(1)
Partisan Support in Congress
338(1)
Separate Institutions Sharing Power
339(18)
Democratic Dilemma: Is Divided Government Good or Bad?
340(1)
The Power to Inform and Persuade
341(3)
The Veto Power
344(1)
The Appointment Power
345(3)
The Power to Recommend
348(3)
International Comparison: The Chief of State in Other Countries
351(1)
The President as Chief of State
351(3)
Inherent Executive Power
354(2)
The Impeachment Power
356(1)
Presidential Expectations and Presidential Performance
357(4)
Presidential Reputations
357(1)
Presidential Popularity
357(1)
Great Presidents
358(3)
Chapter Summary
361(1)
Key Terms
361(1)
Suggested Readings
362(1)
On the Web
362(1)
The Bureaucracy
363(32)
The Role of the Bureaucracy
365(2)
The Bureaucracy Problem
367(2)
Impossibility of Tasks
367(1)
Difficulty Measuring Performance
367(1)
Expansionary Tendencies
368(1)
Slow to Change
368(1)
Red Tape
368(1)
American Bureaucracies: Particularly Political
369(7)
Difficult Beginnings
370(1)
Mountains of Patronage
370(1)
Advantages of the Spoils System
371(1)
Disadvantages of the Spoils System
372(1)
Erosion of the Spoils System
373(1)
Political Appointees Today
374(1)
International Comparison: Political Versus Professional Bureaucrats
375(1)
The President and the Bureaucracy
376(5)
The Cabinet
377(1)
Independent Regulatory Agencies
378(2)
Office of Management and Budget
380(1)
Congress and the Bureaucracy
381(7)
Senate Confirmations
381(2)
Agency Reorganization
383(1)
Legislative Detail
383(1)
Budgetary Control
384(1)
Election Connection: Congressional Legislation: A Matter of Detail
385(1)
Legislative Oversight
385(1)
Iron Triangles and Issue Networks
386(2)
Elections and the Bureaucracy
388(5)
Bureaucratic Secrecy
389(1)
Bureaucratic Coercion
390(1)
Agency Expansion
390(1)
Administrator Caution
391(1)
Compromised Capacity
391(1)
Muddling Through
391(2)
Chapter Summary
393(1)
Key Terms
393(1)
Suggested Readings
393(1)
On the Web
394(1)
The Courts
395(38)
State Courts
397(2)
State Trial Courts: The Judicial Workhorses
397(2)
Prosecuting State Cases
399(1)
An Independent and Powerful Federal Judiciary
399(7)
Tenure and Salary
399(1)
Judicial Review
400(1)
Three Theories of Constitutional Interpretation
401(2)
Judicial Review in Practice
403(2)
International Comparison: Statutory Interpretation in the United States and Britain
405(1)
Statutory Interpretation
406(1)
The Federal Court System in Practice
406(6)
District Courts
407(1)
Appeals Courts
408(1)
Specialized Courts
408(1)
Selection of Federal Judges
408(1)
Deciding to Prosecute
409(1)
Relations Between State and Federal Courts
410(2)
The Supreme Court
412(10)
The Politics of Supreme Court Appointments
412(3)
Election Connection: The Thomas Nomination and the ``Year of the Woman''
415(1)
Stare Decisis
415(1)
Certs
416(1)
The Role of the Chief Justice
417(1)
The Role of the Solicitor General
418(1)
The Role of Clerks
418(1)
Supreme Court Decision Making
419(2)
Voting on the Supreme Court
421(1)
Checks on Court Power
422(1)
Constitutional Amendment
422(1)
Statutory Revision
422(1)
Nonimplementation
423(1)
Litigation as a Political Strategy
423(1)
Chapter Summary
424(1)
Key Terms
425(1)
Suggested Readings
425(1)
On the Web
426(1)
Voices of the Permanent Campaign: The Politics of the New Department of Homeland Security
427(6)
PART 5 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
Civil Liberties
433(30)
Origins of Civil Liberties in the United States
435(3)
Origins of the Bill of Rights
435(1)
Few Liberties Before the Civil War
436(1)
Applying the Bill of Rights to State Governments
437(1)
Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Press
438(8)
Free Speech and Majoritarian Democracy
438(1)
From ``Bad Tendency'' to ``Clear and Present Danger''
439(2)
Democratic Dilemma: Do Campus Speech Codes Unduly Restrict Free Speech?
441(1)
Fighting Words Doctrine
441(1)
Balancing Doctrine
442(1)
Fundamental Freedoms Doctrine
442(2)
Freedom of the Press
444(1)
Freedom of Association
444(1)
Limitations on Free Expression
445(1)
Freedom of Religion
446(3)
Establishment of Religion Clause
446(2)
Free Exercise of Religion Clause
448(1)
Establishment of Religion or Free Exercise?
448(1)
Law, Order, and the Rights of Suspects
449(7)
Election Politics and Criminal Justice
449(1)
International Comparison: United States Has Much Higher Murder, but Not Burglary, Rates Than Most Other Countries
450(1)
Search and Seizure
451(1)
Immunity Against Self-Incrimination
452(1)
Impartial Jury
453(1)
Legal Counsel
454(1)
Double Jeopardy
454(1)
Rights in Practice: Habeas Corpus
454(1)
Rights in Practice: The Plea Bargain
455(1)
The Right of Privacy
456(4)
Regulation of Sexual Behavior
456(1)
Abortion: Right to Life or Right to Choose?
457(1)
Privacy in the Information Age
458(2)
Chapter Summary
460(1)
Key Terms
460(1)
Suggested Readings
461(1)
On the Web
461(2)
Civil Rights
463(34)
Origins of Civil Rights
465(5)
Conflict Over Civil Rights After the Civil War
466(1)
Early Court Interpretations of Civil Rights
467(1)
Blacks Get Electoral Power
468(1)
Awakening the Supreme Court to Civil Rights
469(1)
Redefining the Equal Protection Clause
470(9)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
470(2)
Civil Rights After Brown
472(3)
Decline in Strength of the Civil Rights Movement
475(1)
Supreme Court No Longer Forges Ahead
476(1)
Affirmative Action
476(2)
Elections, Courts, and Civil Rights: An Appraisal
478(1)
Civil Rights of Other Minorities
479(5)
Latinos
479(2)
Asian Americans
481(1)
Gays and Lesbians
482(1)
Native Americans
483(1)
Women's Rights
484(5)
The Right to Equality Before the Law
484(2)
Initial Court Response to Women's Rights
486(1)
Discrimination in the Workplace
486(1)
Sexual Harassment
487(1)
Single-Sex Schools and Colleges
488(1)
The Future of Women's Rights
488(1)
Americans with Disabilities
489(1)
Chapter Summary
490(1)
Key Terms
491(1)
Suggested Readings
491(1)
On the Web
492(1)
Voices of the Permanent Campaign: The Politics of the Death Penalty
493(4)
Appendices
I The Declaration of Independence
497(4)
II The Constitution of the United States of America
501(16)
III The Federalist No. 10
517(5)
IV The Federalist No. 51
522(4)
V Presidents of the United States of America
526(2)
Photo Credits528(1)
Glossary529(8)
Endnotes537(28)
Name Index565(4)
Subject Index569

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