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Networking Basics CCNA 1 Companion Guide (Cisco Networking Academy)

ISBN: 9781587131646 | 1587131641
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover w/CD
Publisher: PRENTICE HALL
Pub. Date: 1/1/2006

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SummaryTable of ContentsAuthor Biography
The only authorized Companion Guide for the Cisco Networking Academy Program New and improved features help you study and succeed in this course: Chapter objectives- Review core concepts by answering the questions at the beginning of each chapter. Key terms- Refer to the updated lists of networking vocabulary introduced in each chapter and turn to the highlighted terms in context. Glossary- Consult the all-new glossary with more than 700 terms. Check Your Understanding questions and answer key- Evaluate your readiness with the updated end-of-ch... MORE
Introductionxxii
Introduction to Networking
1(68)
Objectives
1(1)
... MOREKey Terms
1(2)
Connecting to Networks and the Internet
3(42)
What's a Network?
3(1)
A Small Network: Two PCs and One Cable
4(1)
A Very Large Network: The Internet
4(3)
Perspectives on Networks of Different Sizes
7(1)
Network Components
7(1)
Computer Hardware
7(6)
Network Interface Cards
13(3)
Network Cabling Basics
16(1)
Networking Devices
17(2)
Enterprise Networks and Home Internet Access
19(1)
Enterprise Network Basics
19(2)
Accessing an ISP Through a Phone Line and an Analog Modem
21(2)
Accessing an ISP Through a Phone Line and a DSL Modem
23(1)
Accessing an ISP Through a Cable TV Cable and a Cable Modem
24(1)
TCP/IP Protocol Suite and TCP/IP Software
25(1)
Networking Standards, Protocols, and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
25(1)
Using HTTP to Download a Web Page
26(2)
TCP/IP Networking Model
28(1)
TCP/IP Transport Layer and the TCP Protocol
29(1)
TCP/IP Internet Layer and the Internet Protocol
30(4)
Troubleshooting Basics for IP
34(4)
Troubleshooting Tools
38(7)
TCP/IP Wrap Up
45(1)
Network Math
45(18)
Bits and Bytes
45(1)
Names and Abbreviations for Large Numbers of Bits and Bytes
45(1)
Names for the Rate at Which a Network Sends Data
46(1)
ASCII Alphanumeric Code
47(1)
Decimal Numbering System: Base 10
48(1)
Binary Numbering System: Base 2
49(1)
Converting From 8-Bit Binary Numbers to Decimal Numbers
49(2)
Converting from Decimal Numbers to 8-Bit Binary Numbers
51(1)
Generic Decimal-to-8-Bit-Binary Conversion Process
51(1)
Example 1 of the Generic Conversion Process: Decimal 235
52(2)
Alternative Decimal-to-Binary Conversion Process
54(2)
Example 2 of the Generic Conversion Process: Decimal 192
56(1)
Converting IP Addresses Between Decimal and Binary
56(1)
Converting Decimal IP Addresses to Binary IP Addresses
57(1)
Converting Binary IP Addresses to Decimal IP Addresses
57(1)
Using a Conversion Chart
58(1)
Hexadecimal Numbering System: Base 16
59(1)
Boolean or Binary Logic
60(1)
IP Subnet Masks
61(1)
Using Boolean Math with Subnets
62(1)
Summary
63(1)
Check Your Understanding
64(3)
Challenge Questions and Activities
67(2)
Networking Fundamentals
69(54)
Objectives
69(1)
Key Terms
69(2)
Networking Basics and Terminology
71(26)
A Brief History of the Networking Universe
71(2)
The Need for Networking Protocols and Standards
73(1)
Ethernet LANs and LAN Devices
74(1)
Ethernet Repeaters
75(1)
Ethernet Hubs and 10BASE-T
76(2)
Ethernet Bridges
78(2)
Ethernet Frames
80(1)
Unicast and Broadcast Ethernet Frames and Addresses
81(1)
LAN Switches
82(1)
Wide-Area Networks
83(1)
Point-to-Point Leased Lines
83(2)
Routers and Their Use with WANs
85(1)
MANs and SANs
85(1)
MANs
85(1)
SANs
86(1)
Virtual Private Networks
87(2)
Intranet VPNs
89(1)
Comparing Intranet VPNs to Extranet and Access VPNs
90(1)
Network Topologies
91(1)
Physical Bus, Physical Star, and Logical Bus Topologies
91(3)
Ring Topologies
94(1)
Hierarchical and Extended Star Physical Topologies
95(1)
Mesh: Full and Partial
95(2)
Bandwidth
97(8)
LAN and WAN Bandwidth
97(1)
Ethernet LAN Bandwidths
97(1)
WAN Bandwidths
98(2)
Throughput Versus Bandwidth
100(2)
Calculating Data Transfer Time
102(1)
Analog Bandwidth
103(1)
Planning for Bandwidth
104(1)
The OSI and TCP/IP Networking Models
105(10)
OSI Model
106(1)
OSI Layers
107(1)
Functions of the OSI Layers
108(2)
TCP/IP Networking Model
110(1)
Encapsulation
111(1)
Segments, Packets, Frames, and PDUs
112(1)
De-encapsulation
113(1)
Layer Interactions
114(1)
Summary
115(3)
Check Your Understanding
118(5)
Networking Media
123(42)
Objectives
123(1)
Additional Topics of Interest
123(1)
Key Terms
124(1)
Copper Media
125(21)
Digital Transmission Using Copper Wires
125(1)
The Chemistry Behind Electricity: Atoms and Electrons
126(3)
Insulators, Conductors, and Semiconductors
129(1)
Electromagnetic Force (Voltage)
130(1)
Current
130(2)
Resistance, Impedance, and Attenuation
132(1)
Circuits
133(1)
Popular LAN Copper Cabling
134(2)
Coaxial Cable
136(1)
STP Cable
137(2)
UTP Cable
139(7)
Optical Media
146(6)
Comparing Fiber-Optic Cabling and Copper Cabling
146(1)
Electromagnetic Spectrum
147(2)
Fiber-Optic Cabling
149(1)
Using Two Fibers---One for Each Direction
150(1)
Fiber-Optic Cable Components
150(1)
Multimode and Single-Mode Fiber
151(1)
Wireless Media
152(5)
Enterprise WLAN Components and Design
153(2)
WLAN Organization and Standards
155(2)
Summary
157(2)
Check Your Understanding
159(3)
Challenge Questions and Activities
162(3)
Cable Testing
165(22)
Objectives
165(1)
Additional Topics of Interest
165(1)
Key Terms
166(1)
Frequency-Based Cable Testing
167(4)
Waves
167(1)
Sine Waves and Square Waves
168(1)
Analog and Digital Signals
169(1)
Simple and Complex Analog Signals
169(1)
Creating Digital Signals from Analog Signals
170(1)
Signals and Noise
171(12)
Signaling over Copper and Fiber-Optic Cabling
172(1)
Copper Cabling Transmission Basics
172(2)
Optical Cabling Transmission Basics
174(1)
Attenuation and Insertion Loss on Copper Media
175(1)
Sources of Noise on Copper Media
176(2)
Types of Crosstalk
178(2)
Cable Testing Standards
180(3)
Summary
183(2)
Check Your Understanding
185(2)
Cabling LANs and WANs
187(48)
Objectives
187(1)
Additional Topics of Interest
187(1)
Key Terms
187(2)
Cabling LANs
189(27)
LAN Cabling Fundamentals
189(1)
Ethernet LAN Physical Layer
190(1)
Choosing Ethernet Types (Speeds) in the Campus
191(3)
Ethernet LAN Media and Connectors
194(2)
Picking UTP Cable Pinouts
196(4)
Connecting Ethernet Networking Devices
200(1)
Repeaters
200(1)
Hubs
201(2)
Bridges
203(3)
Ethernet Switches
206(3)
Wireless Communications and Wireless Access Points
209(2)
Ethernet NICs
211(1)
Using the LAN: Models for PC Communications
212(1)
Peer-to-Peer Networking
213(2)
Client/Server Networking
215(1)
Cabling WANs
216(11)
WAN Physical and Data Link Layers
217(1)
Router Serial Interfaces
217(3)
Cable, DSL, and ISDN
220(1)
WAN Speeds
221(1)
Choosing DCE and DTE Cables
222(2)
Fixed and Modular Routers
224(1)
Router Console Cabling
225(2)
Summary
227(2)
Check Your Understanding
229(3)
Challenge Questions and Activities
232(3)
Ethernet Fundamentals
235(32)
Objectives
235(1)
Additional Topics of Interest
235(1)
Key Terms
235(2)
Ethernet Fundamentals
237(14)
The History of Ethernet
237(1)
The Names of Different IEEE Ethernet Types
238(2)
IEEE Ethernet Standards and the OSI Model
240(1)
IEEE 802.3 Standards
240(1)
The IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control Standard
240(1)
Comparing Ethernet Standards to the OSI Model
241(1)
Ethernet Framing
242(1)
Encapsulating Packets Inside Ethernet Frames
243(1)
The Fields in the IEEE 802.3 Frame
244(2)
DIX Framing and IEEE Framing
246(1)
The Format of MAC Addresses
247(1)
Sending Frames over Different Types of Ethernet
247(1)
LLC, SNAP, and Determining the Type of Protocol
248(1)
Additional Background on IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control
249(1)
The IEEE SNAP Header
250(1)
The DIX and IEEE Type Field
250(1)
Ethernet Operation
251(9)
Rules Governing When a Device Can Transmit: CSMA/CD
251(1)
The CSMA/CD Algorithm
252(1)
CSMA/CD and Collisions on 10BASE-T LANs with Hubs
253(1)
Full Duplex, Half Duplex, and Collision Domains
254(1)
Preventing Collisions with Switch Buffering
255(1)
Collision Domains and Full Duplex
256(1)
Autonegotiation of Duplex and Speed
257(2)
Deterministic and Nondeterministic Media Access
259(1)
Summary
260(2)
Check Your Understanding
262(3)
Challenge Questions and Activities
265(2)
Ethernet Technologies
267(28)
Objectives
267(1)
Additional Topics of Interest
267(1)
Key Terms
267(2)
10- and 100-Mbps Ethernet
269(13)
10-Mbps Ethernet
269(3)
10BASE-T
272(1)
10BASE-T Wiring
272(3)
10BASE-T Design: Using Hubs, CSMA/CD, and Half Duplex
275(1)
10BASE-T Design: Using Switches
276(2)
100-Mbps Ethernet
278(1)
100BASE-TX Ethernet
278(2)
Designing Ethernets with Two Speeds
280(1)
100BASE-FX
281(1)
Gigabit Ethernet and Beyond
282(8)
1000BASE-X
283(3)
1000BASE-T
286(2)
Future of Ethernet
288(2)
Summary
290(2)
Check Your Understanding
292(2)
Challenge Questions and Activities
294(1)
Ethernet Switching
295(42)
Objectives
295(1)
Key Terms
295(2)
Ethernet Switch Operations
297(20)
Layer 2 Bridging and Switching Operations
297(1)
The Forwarding and Filtering Decision
298(3)
Learning CAM Table Entries and Flooding Unknown Unicasts
301(3)
Handling Unknown Unicasts
304(1)
Forwarding Broadcasts and Multicasts
304(2)
The Cisco Switch CAM
306(1)
Switch Internal Processing
307(1)
Latency
307(1)
Store-and-Forward Switching
308(1)
Cut-Through Switching
309(1)
Fragment-Free Switching
309(1)
Comparing the Internal Processing Paths
310(1)
Spanning Tree Protocol
310(2)
STP Blocking
312(1)
STP States
313(1)
Changing the CAM with the Listening and Learning States
314(3)
LAN Design: Collision Domains and Broadcast Domains
317(14)
Collision Domains
318(1)
Large/Long Collision Domains
319(2)
Creating Many Small Collision Domains
321(2)
How Switches and Bridges Prevent Collisions
323(2)
Layer 2 Broadcast Domains
325(1)
Performance Impact of Broadcast and Broadcast Domains
326(1)
The Impact of Broadcasts and Multicasts Today
327(1)
Identifying Networking Devices by OSI Layer
328(1)
Data Flow Using Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3 Devices
329(2)
The Ambiguous Term Segment
331(1)
Summary
331(2)
Check Your Understanding
333(3)
Challenge Questions and Activities
336(1)
TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP Addressing
337(54)
Objectives
337(1)
Additional Topics of Interest
337(1)
Key Terms
337(2)
TCP/IP Model
339(14)
TCP/IP Network Access (Network Interface) Layer
340(1)
TCP/IP Internet Layer
341(1)
Core Protocols of the Internet Layer
341(1)
Basic IP Routing
342(1)
IP Packets
343(1)
How IP Routing Uses IP Addresses
344(1)
TCP/IP Transport Layer
345(2)
TCP/IP Application Layer
347(2)
Perspectives on the TCP/IP and OSI Models
349(1)
Perspectives on the Different TCP/IP Layers
350(1)
TCP/IP Internetworks and the Network Layer Perspective
350(2)
Network-Centric and Host-Centric Views of Networking Models
352(1)
IP Addressing Fundamentals
353(20)
Basic Facts About IP Addresses
353(1)
Address Assignment and Address Classes
353(2)
Three Key Rules for IP Address Assignment on LANs
355(1)
Defining Class A, B, and C IP Networks
356(2)
Analyzing the Structure of IP Addresses
358(1)
Other Address Classes and the Entire IPv4 Address Space
359(2)
IP Network Number and the Broadcast Address
361(1)
Network Math
362(1)
Using the Powers of 2
362(1)
Calculating the Number of Hosts per Network
363(1)
Number of Class A, B, and C Networks
363(1)
Converting from Decimal to Binary: Large Numbers
364(1)
Subnetting Basics
364(1)
A Simple Subnetting Example
365(1)
Differing Views of the Format of Subnetted IP Addresses
366(1)
Subnet Masks
367(1)
Ensuring Unique IP Addresses Throughout the Internet
368(1)
Original Internet Design: Unique Network Numbers for Each Enterprise Network
369(1)
The Problem of IPv4 Address Depletion
370(1)
One Short-Term Solution: NAT and Private IP Networks
371(1)
Private IP Networks
372(1)
Long-Term Solution: IP Version 6 (IPv6)
372(1)
Assigning and Mapping IP Addresses
373(11)
Static IP Address Configuration
373(2)
Dynamic IP Address Configuration Using DHCP
375(2)
Comparing Static and DHCP Address Assignment
377(1)
Using ARP and Proxy ARP on LANs
378(1)
Using IP ARP on a Single LAN
378(2)
Using IP ARP in Larger Networks
380(3)
Proxy ARP
383(1)
Summary
384(2)
Check Your Understanding
386(3)
Challenge Questions and Activities
389(2)
Routing Fundamentals and Subnets
391(62)
Objectives
391(1)
Key Terms
391(2)
IP Routing (Forwarding)
393(18)
A Brief History of Some Confounding Terms
394(1)
Routing Between Two Connected LAN Subnets
395(1)
IP-Centric Perspective
396(1)
Network Access Layer Perspective
397(1)
IP Routing: Host Perspective
398(2)
Brief Review of Routing So Far
400(1)
A Deeper Look at Routing
400(1)
Details of Routing in a Single Router
401(2)
Perspectives on WAN Routing
403(1)
IP Routing: Working with Layer 2 Protocols
403(1)
Importance of Layer 3-to-Layer 2 Mapping
404(1)
Comparing Routing and Switching Logic
405(1)
Comparing the Benefits of Routing and Switching
406(1)
Important Characteristics of IP
407(1)
IP Is Unreliable
408(1)
IP Is Connectionless
408(1)
Full IP Header
409(2)
Routing Protocols
411(13)
How Routers Learn IP Routes
411(1)
Learning Connected Routes
411(1)
Static Routes
412(1)
Basics of Learning Routes with Routing Protocols
413(1)
Routing Protocol Features
414(1)
Using Metrics to Pick the Best Routes
414(4)
Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols
418(1)
Routing Protocol Algorithms
419(2)
Routing Protocol Updates
421(1)
Classless and Classful Routing Protocols
422(1)
Comparing Routing Protocols
422(2)
IP Subnetting
424(21)
A Brief Review of Subnetting
424(1)
Determining the Number of Required Subnets and the Resulting Subnet Mask
425(1)
Determining the Number of Subnets and Hosts
426(1)
Determining the Number of Subnet and Host Bits in the Mask
427(2)
Determining the Subnet Mask: Binary Version
429(3)
Determining the Subnet Mask: Shortcut Version
432(2)
Determining the Subnet Numbers and Assignable IP Addresses in Each Subnet
434(1)
Terminology and Background
434(1)
Finding the Subnet Numbers---Binary
435(3)
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary
438(1)
Finding the Range of Valid Addresses
438(1)
Finding Subnets and Broadcast Addresses Using Shortcuts
439(3)
Determining the Subnet in Which a Host Resides
442(1)
Finding the Resident Subnet: Binary
443(1)
Finding the Resident Subnet: Shortcut
444(1)
Summary
445(2)
Check Your Understanding
447(4)
Challenge Questions and Activities
451(2)
TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers
453(32)
Objectives
453(1)
Key Terms
453(2)
The TCP/IP Transport Layer
455(13)
Flow Control and Windowing
456(1)
Flow Control Through Dynamic Sliding Windows
456(1)
Flow Control Through Withholding Acknowledgments
457(1)
Establishing and Terminating TCP Connections
458(1)
TCP Error Recovery (Reliability)
459(2)
Segmentation, Reassembly, and In-Order Delivery
461(1)
TCP and UDP Header Reference
462(2)
Identifying Application Processes Using Port Numbers
464(1)
Connection to Servers: Well-Known Ports
465(2)
Comparing Well-Known, Dynamic, and Registered Ports
467(1)
The TCP/IP Application Layer
468(10)
Application Protocols Used by End Users
469(1)
Name Resolution Using DNS
469(2)
World Wide Web and HTTP
471(1)
E-Mail Protocols: SMTP and POP3
472(2)
File Transfer Protocol
474(1)
Application Protocols Often Used for Network Management
475(1)
TFTP
475(1)
SNMP
475(1)
Telnet
476(1)
Application Protocol Summary
477(1)
Summary
478(1)
Check Your Understanding
479(5)
Challenge Questions and Activities
484(1)
Appendix A Answers to Check Your Understanding and Challenge Questions485(26)
Appendix B Decimal to Binary Conversion Table511(6)
Appendix C Extra Practice517(14)
Glossary531(36)
Index567
Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624, is a senior instructor with Skyline Advanced Technology Services, where he teaches QOS, CCIE, and CCNA courses Tom Knott is the Cisco Networking Academy instructor and regional instructor at Southeast Raleigh Magnet High School in North Carolina

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