Written for computer scientists, materials scientists, and others in fields related to nanotechnology, this reference explores recent efforts to realize a practical physical device that follows the neural network principles of the brain, incorporating research from the last 50 years in nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, supramolecular chemistry, and materials science. The author adopts a multidisciplinary approach, addressing fundamental problems in computer science, organic synthesis, theoretical physics, supramolecular chemistry, and artificial intelligence in a lucid, accessible way and references major breakthrough papers that have changed the course of scientific development. A color insert is included, as well as a CD with additional material.