Chapter 1: Writers at Work     

1a      Rhetorical Situations      

1b      Writing About Something        

1c       Writing to Somebody    

1d      Writing for Some Purpose       

1e      Writing in Some Genre 

Chapter 2: Preparing to Write 

2a      Sizing up an Assignment          

2b      Scheduling a Project       

Chapter 3: Finding and Focusing a Topic

3a      Finding a Topic    

3b      Focusing a Topic  

Chapter 4: Making a Commitment   

4a      Offering a Topic Proposal        

4b      Crafting a Thesis Sentence       

Chapter 5: Creating a Structure       

5a      Understanding Patterns of Organization   

5b      Preparing an Outline     

Chapter 6: Drafting  

6a      Gathering Materials        

6b      Getting Started     

6c       Pacing Yourself    

6d      Evaluating a Draft         

Chapter 7: Revising, Editing, and Proofreading

7a      Revising Your Draft       

7b      Editing Your Draft     

7c       Proofreading Your Draft         

7d      Working Collaboratively          

PART 2 Shaping Language

Chapter 8: Making Choices About Language   

8a      Language and Power     

8b      Levels of Language        

8c       Word Choice         

8d      Civil Language      

Chapter 9: The Structure of Sentences    

9a      Sentence Types    

9b      Modifiers    

9c       Phrases       

9d      Clauses        

9e      Building Sentences: Coordination    

9f       Building Sentences: Subordination  

Chapter 10: The Shape of Sentences 

10a    Using Agent/Action Sentences           

10b   Understanding Parallelism     

10c    Writing Balanced Sentences   

10d   Writing Cumulative Sentences          

Chapter 11: Writing with Style  

11a    Reducing Wordiness     

11b   Using Specific Details     

11c    Varying Sentence Length          

11d   Using Punctuation for Emphasis       

Chapter 12: Shaping Effective Paragraphs

12a    Focusing Paragraphs With Topic Sentences         

12b   Writing Well-Structured Paragraphs          

12c    Creating Effective Transitions

12d   Writing Paragraphs That Look Good           

12e    Writing Opening Paragraphs  

12f    Writing Closing Paragraphs    

PART 3 Presenting Your Writing

Chapter 13: Designing Effective Documents      

13a    Designing Documents with a Computer    

13b   Laying Out Pages 

13c    Choosing Type     

13d   Adding Charts, Graphs, and Images 

13e    Working with Color       

Chapter 14: Writing for the Web        

14a    Using Social Media at School   

14b   Participating on Class Web sites        

14c    Writing for Wikis, Blogs, and Web 2.0        

14d   Establishing your Online Ethos          

Chapter 15: Giving Oral Presentations       

15a    Planning Oral Presentations   

15b   Scripting What You’ll Say         

15c    Preparing Audio and Visual Aids      

15d   Speaking before an Audience 

Chapter 16: Model Documents  

16a    Formal Letters      

16b   Formal Emails      

16c    Letters of Application    

16d   Résumés     

16e    Job Interviews      

16f    Professional Memos     

16g    Newsletters           

16h   Brochures  

PART 4 Writing Documents 

Chapter 17: Reading and Responding Critically   

17a    Reading Critically

17b   Reacting to What You Read: The Response Paper       

Chapter 18: Strategies of Argument  

18a    Making A Claim    

18b   Presenting Evidence      

18c    Finding Logical Arguments     

18d   Structuring an Argument         

18e    Arguing Fairly      

18f    Avoiding Fallacies of Argument        

18g    An Annotated Argument          

Chapter 19: Visual Arguments   

19a    Understanding Visual Arguments    

19b   Creating Visual Arguments     

19c    Using Charts, Tables, and Graphs      

Chapter 20: Writing an Analysis of Literature or Popular Culture   

20a    Approaching Textual Analysis           

20b   Using Sources in Arguments about Literature or Popular Culture  

20c    Developing Arguments on Literature or Popular Culture      

PART 5 Research 

Chapter 21: Doing Research       

21a    Claiming a Topic  

    1 Size up an assignment carefully.   

    2 Browse the library in your topic area.    

    3 Browse electronic resources.         

    4 Review your writing process.        

21b   Planning a Project           

    1 Write a research prospectus.          

    2 Decide how you will handle your research materials.           

    3 Prepare a working bibliography.  

    4 Make copies of printed sources.    

    5 Print or download electronic sources.    

21c    Checking Organization  

    1 Narrow or qualify your claim.        

    2 Test your organization.         

21d   Checking Format 

    1 Pay attention to the format of work you submit.        

    2 Insert tables and figures as needed.         

    3 Be consistent with headings.           

    4 Include all the components your project requires.    

    5 Submit your project professionally.        

Chapter 22: Finding Information        

22a    Using Information Sources      

    1 Learn about your library.     

    2 Use library catalogs efficiently.      

    3 Locate suitable bibliographies.       

    4 Locate suitable indexes to search the periodical literature. 

    5 Check the Web. 

    6 Consult biographical resources.    

    7 Locate statistics.           

    8 Check news sources.  

    9 Check book, film, and product reviews. 

    10 Consult experts and conduct interviews.        

22b   Searching With Keywords       

    1 Understand how a simple keyword search works.    

    2 Understand the principles of Boolean searching.       

    3 Search by exact phrase.         

Chapter 23: Evaluating Sources

23a    Understanding Types of Sources      

23b   Assessing the Quality of Sources       

    1 Consider the authority and reputation of a source.   

    2 Consider timeliness and stability. 

    3 Consider significance and thoroughness.         

    4 Consider bias.   

    5 Consider the integrity of online information.   

Chapter 24: Using Sources Responsibly    

24a    Summarizing and Paraphrasing a Source 

24b   Avoiding Plagiarism       

    1 Give yourself sufficient time to develop projects.      

    2 Have confidence in your own abilities.   

    3 Learn what you need to document.         

    4 Don’t take shortcuts with documentation.        

    5 Don’t copy and paste without giving credit.     

    6 Don’t get involved in collusion.     

    7 Don’t miss the opportunity to learn.        

Chapter 25: Using Sources and Quotations Effectively     

25a    Selecting Quotations      

25b   Introducing Quotations and Source Materials     

25c    Modifying Quotations   

    1 Tailor your language so that direct quotations fit into the grammar of your sentences.           

    2 Use ellipses to show where you have cut material from direct quotations.      

PART 6 Documentation

Chapter 26: Documenting a Research Paper     

26a    Recognizing Documentation Styles  

26b   Knowing What to Document  

    1 Provide a source for every direct quotation.    

    2 Document all ideas, opinions, facts, and information that cannot be considered common knowledge.

    3 Document materials that readers might question or wish to explore further. 

    4 Furnish dates, credentials, and other information to assist readers.      

    5 Use links to document electronic sources.          

    6 Use computer programs to document your project. 

26c    Finding Documentation Information (Source Maps)    

    1 For books, check the title and copyright pages for documentation information.        

    2 For scholarly journals, check the cover or contents page for documentation information.           

    3 Check magazines articles for documentation information. 

    4 For newspapers, check the masthead and credits column for documentation information.           

    5 Expect full documentation from the Web sites you use.      

Chapter 27: MLA Documentation       

27a    Insert in-text notes wherever you use sources in the body of your paper.         

    1 Identify outside sources clearly each time you use them.  

    2 Locate referenced material as precisely as possible. 

    3 Place and punctuate parenthetical citations correctly.         

27b   List all cited sources on a separate “Works Cited” page.          

27c    Sample Research Paper–MLA          

Chapter 28: APA Documentation        

28a    In the body of your paper, place a note for each source you use.    

    1 Identify sources clearly each time you use them.   

    2 Provide page numbers to locate quotations and paraphrased passages.          

    3 Place and punctuate parenthetical notes appropriately.     

28b   On a separate page at the end of your project, list alphabetically every source you have cited.

28c    Sample Empirical Research Paper–APA  

Chapter 29: CMS Documentation       

29a    How CMS documentation works      

29b   Using CMS footnotes and endnotes 

    1 Insert a raised note number after each cited passage.         

    2 Document a source fully in the first note mentioning it.      

    3 Shorten subsequent notes for sources you’ve already fully documented.       

    4 Use in-text parenthetical notes for numerous citations of one source.   

29c    Formatting CMS footnotes and endnotes  

29d   Formating CMS bibliographies           

29e    Sample literary analysis–CMS         

PART 7 Understanding Grammar

Chapter 30: Key Grammatical Terms

Chapter 31: Sentence Errors      

31a    Sentence Fragments       

31b   Intentional Fragments  

31c    Comma Splices     

31d   Run-On Sentences          

Chapter 32: Modifiers

32a    Misplaced and Dangling Modifying Phrases        

32b   Placement of Adjectives           

32c    Problems with Adjectives        

32d   Absolute Adjectives         

32e    Forms of Adverbs            

32f    Placement Of Adverbs   

32g    Double Negatives

32h   Comparatives and Superlatives        

Chapter 33: Subject-Verb Agreement        

33a    Agreement With Singular and Plural Subjects     

33b   Agreement With Indefinite Pronouns        

33c    Agreement With Collective Nouns   

33d   Agreement When the Subject is Hard to Identify

Chapter 34: Verb Tense, Voice, and Mood

34a    Verb Tenses           

34b   Transitive and Intransitive Verbs     

34c    Verb Forms

34d   Conditionals          

34e    Active and Passive Voice          

34f    Subjunctive Mood           

Chapter 35: Pronouns         

35a    Pronoun Reference        

35b   Pronoun Agreement      

35c    Pronoun Case       

35d   That, Which, and Who   

Chapter 36: Suggestions for ESOL Writers         

36a    Common ESOL problem areas           

36b   Verbs

36c    Modals        

36d   Gerunds and Infinitives           

36e    Prepositional Phrases   

36f    Nouns, Articles, and Quantifiers       

PART 8 Understanding Punctuation and Mechanics

Chapter 37: End Punctuation     

37a    Periods        

37b   Question Marks   

37c    Exclamation Marks         

Chapter 38: Commas 

38a    Commas to Separate      

38b   Commas To Enclose       

38c    Commas To Connect      

38d   Unnecessary Commas   

Chapter 39: Semicolons and Colons  

39a    Semicolons

39b   Colons         

Chapter 40: Quotation Marks and Ellipses         

40a    Quotation Marks 

40b   Ellipses        

Chapter 41: Parentheses and Brackets      

41a    Parentheses           

41b   Brackets      

Chapter 42: Dashes, Hyphens, and Slashes        

42a    Em Dashes 

42b   En Dashes  

42c    Hyphens     

42d   Slashes         

Chapter 43: Italics and Capitalization         

43a    Italics           

43b   Capitalization       

Chapter 44: Apostrophes, Abbreviations, and Numbers  

44a    Apostrophes         

44b   Abbreviations       

44c    Numbers    

Chapter 45: Spelling   

45a    Spell Checkers      

45b   Spelling Problems           

45c    Dictionary and Thesaurus       

Part 9: Exercises

Part 10: Glossary of Usage

Index

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