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| About the Authors | p. iii |
| Acknowledgments | p. v |
| Foreword to the Second Edition | p. xv |
| Overview of Broad Concepts | |
| Schools, Values, and Money | p. 3 |
| The Context of Public Education | p. 3 |
| What Are Schools Becoming? | p. 5 |
| Where Did Schools Come From? | p. 5 |
| What Should Schools Be Doing? | p. 7 |
| What Are Schools Capable of D... MORE | p. 9 |
| What Is the Effect of Money on Schools? | p. 9 |
| What Happens When Schools Get More (or Less) Money? | p. 14 |
| Where Public Schools May Be Headed | p. 16 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 17 |
| Funding Schools: A Policy Perspective | p. 19 |
| A More Expansive View | p. 19 |
| What Is the Scope of Education Finance in America? | p. 19 |
| Fiscal Growth and Expenditure | p. 20 |
| How Are Education and Economics Related? | p. 23 |
| Economics Defined | p. 23 |
| Education as an Economic and Social Good | p. 24 |
| Returns on Educational Investment | p. 28 |
| Education and Socioeconomic Investment | p. 33 |
| Recent Economic Thought | p. 34 |
| What Is the Structure of School Governance in America? | p. 37 |
| Brief Historical Roots of American Education | p. 37 |
| Development of School Organization in America | p. 40 |
| From Where Do Schools Derive Fiscal Support? | p. 44 |
| Federal Support for Schools | p. 44 |
| State Support for Schools | p. 50 |
| Local Support for Schools | p. 55 |
| What Constitutes Adequate and Equitable Funding for Schools? | p. 59 |
| Origins of School Funding Challenges | p. 59 |
| Can Schools Serve Economics, Equality, Productivity, and Liberty? | p. 70 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 71 |
| Basic Funding Structures | p. 73 |
| The Context of Funding | p. 73 |
| Revenue for Schools | p. 74 |
| What Is the Overarching Tax System? | p. 74 |
| What Is the Federal Tax System? | p. 75 |
| What Is the State Tax System? | p. 76 |
| What Is the Local Tax System? | p. 79 |
| Tax System Summary | p. 80 |
| Funding for Schools | p. 81 |
| What Are State Aid Formulas? | p. 81 |
| Where Did Aid Formulas Come From? | p. 82 |
| What Is a Fair Formula? | p. 85 |
| How Do States Fund Schools? | p. 97 |
| Are There Innovations on the Horizon? | p. 99 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 100 |
| Operationalizing School Money | |
| School Funds Accountability and Professionalism | p. 105 |
| Setting the Stage | p. 105 |
| School Funds Accountability | p. 106 |
| What Is Accountability? | p. 106 |
| What Are Fiduciary Responsibilities? | p. 107 |
| How Does the Accounting Process Help? | p. 110 |
| How Is School Money Set Up? | p. 113 |
| How Does School Money Get Tracked? | p. 117 |
| Revenue Structure | p. 117 |
| Expenditure Structure | p. 120 |
| The Accounting Transaction | p. 127 |
| Auditing | p. 130 |
| A Final Word About Professionalism | p. 135 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 136 |
| Budget Planning | p. 139 |
| Budgets and Schools | p. 139 |
| Conceptualizing Budgets | p. 140 |
| What Are the Basic Budget Concepts? | p. 140 |
| Organizing for Budgeting | p. 143 |
| What Are the Common | |
| What Is a Good Budget Framework? | p. 149 |
| Constructing Budgets | p. 151 |
| What Is the Budget Model? | p. 151 |
| What Is the General Budget Process? | p. 153 |
| How Are Individual Schools Funded? | p. 171 |
| What Is the Role of Stakeholders? | p. 174 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 176 |
| Budgeting for Personnel | p. 177 |
| The General Landscape | p. 177 |
| The Personnel Function | p. 178 |
| What Is the Scope of the Personnel Function? | p. 179 |
| Personnel Compensation Policies and Procedures | p. 187 |
| What Is the Role of Compensation? | p. 187 |
| Other Issues of Personnel Budgeting | p. 201 |
| What About Merit Pay? | p. 201 |
| What About RIF and Other Dismissals? | p. 204 |
| What About Due Process? | p. 207 |
| What Is the Role of Stakeholders? | p. 208 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 209 |
| Budgeting for Instruction | p. 211 |
| The Big Picture | p. 211 |
| The Planning Function | p. 211 |
| What Is Instructional Planning? | p. 212 |
| Organizational Options | p. 213 |
| How Are Schools Organized? | p. 214 |
| Instructional Budget Concepts | p. 217 |
| What Are Instructional Budgets? | p. 218 |
| What Are the Sources of Revenue? | p. 221 |
| What Are the Elements of Budgeting for Instruction? | p. 224 |
| What Does an Instructional Budget Look Like? | p. 227 |
| Wrap-up | p. 229 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 230 |
| Budgeting for Student Activities | p. 237 |
| Activities and Schools | p. 237 |
| What Is the Role of Activities? | p. 238 |
| Budgeting for Activities | p. 239 |
| What Are Activity Funds? | p. 239 |
| What Are the Controls on Activity Funds? | p. 241 |
| What About Nonactivity Funds? | p. 247 |
| What Does an Activity Fund Report Look Like? | p. 249 |
| A Final Word of Caution | p. 249 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 251 |
| Budgeting for School Infrastructure | p. 253 |
| Physical Needs in Perspective | p. 253 |
| Nature and Size of School Infrastructure | p. 253 |
| What Is the Role of School Infrastructure? | p. 254 |
| How Is School Infrastructure Aided? | p. 266 |
| How Is the Local Cost Share Funded? | p. 271 |
| Facility Planning and Maintenance | p. 276 |
| What Is the Role of Facility Planning? | p. 276 |
| What Is the Role of Maintenance and Operations? | p. 282 |
| Wrap-up | p. 286 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 286 |
| Budgeting for Transportation and Food Service | p. 289 |
| Setting the Stage | p. 289 |
| The Role of Auxiliary Services | p. 290 |
| The Transportation Function | p. 290 |
| What Are the Origins and Purpose? | p. 291 |
| What Is Transportation Law? | p. 293 |
| How Is Transportation Funded? | p. 297 |
| What Other Issues Are Relevant? | p. 302 |
| The Food Service Function | p. 305 |
| What Are the General Issues? | p. 305 |
| How Is Food Service Funded? | p. 306 |
| What Other Issues Are Relevant? | p. 309 |
| Wrap-up | p. 314 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 315 |
| Legal Liability and Risk Management | p. 317 |
| Modern Realities | p. 317 |
| The Law and Schools | p. 317 |
| What Does the Law Have to Do with Schools? | p. 318 |
| The Derivation of School Authority | p. 319 |
| What Is the Origin of Liability? | p. 322 |
| Sovereign Immunity | p. 322 |
| Tort Liability | p. 328 |
| What Does All This Mean? | p. 343 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 344 |
| A View of the Future | |
| Site-Based Leadership | p. 347 |
| Pulling It Together | p. 347 |
| The Site Concept | p. 347 |
| Framework for Implementation | p. 349 |
| What Is the Strategic Concept? | p. 349 |
| What Is the Role of the Principal? | p. 354 |
| What Is the Role of Central Office? | p. 355 |
| What Is the Role of the Site Council? | p. 356 |
| What Are the Budget Issues? | p. 360 |
| Final Comments | p. 365 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 366 |
| Future Trends in School Funding | p. 367 |
| The Big Picture | p. 367 |
| What Are the Issues? | p. 367 |
| Lessons from this Book | p. 368 |
| Future Issues in School Funding | p. 371 |
| Politics of Money | p. 372 |
| The Economy | p. 373 |
| Equity, Excellence, Adequacy, and Efficiency | p. 374 |
| Educational Choice | p. 375 |
| Devolution of Governance | p. 377 |
| A Final Word | p. 377 |
| Suggested Follow-up Projects | p. 378 |
| Index | p. 379 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |