Rent 9780205298990 | The Modern Writer's Handbook | O'Hare, Frank; Funk, Robert @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

Focusing on academic writing, this handbook offers guidelines covering such topics as the correct use of style, grammar, and sentence form

Preface

xix

PART I THE PROCESS OF WRITING

Preparing to Write: Prewriting

(16)

Finding a Topic

... MORE

Generating Content

(7)

Determining the Purpose

(2)

Identifying an Audience

(3)

Checklist: Analyzing Audience and Purpose

(1)

Considering the Writer's Role

(1)

Planning and Drafting

(15)

Focusing the Topic: A Working Thesis

(5)

Planning the Paper

(5)

Checklist: Planning the First Draft

(4)

Writing the First Draft

(2)

Checklist: Drafting Strategies

(1)

Sample First Draft

(3)

Improving the First Draft: Revision

(20)

Revising from the Top Down

(3)

Checklist: Revising Content and Organization

(2)

Revising for Style

(2)

Getting Feedback: Peer Review

(5)

Checklist: Reviewing a Draft

(4)

Editing and Proofreading

(4)

Checklist: Editing and Proofreading

(3)

Sample Final Draft

(5)

Building Coherent Paragraphs

(39)

Unity

(10)

Organizational Strategies

(4)

Patterns of Development

(9)

Transition

(4)

Transitional Paragraphs

(1)

Paragraphs of Introduction

(4)

Concluding Paragraphs

(4)

PART II READING CRITICALLY AND WRITING LOGICALLY

Being a Critical Reader

(5)

Active Reading

(3)

Making Inferences

(1)

Evaluating Texts

(1)

Writing Arguments

(21)

Building an Effective Argument

(6)

Sample Argument

103

(2)

Using Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

105

(2)

Avoiding Logical Fallacies

107

(11)

PART III GRAMMAR

Basic Sentence Grammar

118

(10)

Sentence Patterns

118

(2)

Subjects

120

(2)

Predicates

122

(2)

Complements

124

(4)

Word Classes: The Parts of Speech

128

(25)

Form-Class Words

129

(1)

Nouns

129

(2)

Verbs

131

(5)

Verbals

136

(2)

Adjectives

138

(1)

Adverbs

139

(2)

Structure-Class Words

141

(1)

Pronouns

141

(5)

Determiners

146

(1)

Qualifiers

147

(1)

Prepositions

147

(2)

Conjunctions

149

(2)

Expletives

151

(2)

Phrases, Clauses, and Sentences

153

(11)

Phrases

153

(1)

Prepositional Phrases

153

(1)

Verbal Phrases

154

(1)

Clauses

155

(1)

Independent Clauses

156

(1)

Dependent Clauses and Subordination

156

(3)

Sentences

159

(1)

Types of Sentences

159

(5)

PART IV SENTENCE FORM

Fragments

164

(5)

Fragments Lacking a Subject

164

(1)

Fragments Lacking a Predicate

165

(1)

Phrase Fragments

166

(1)

Dependent Clause Fragments

167

(1)

Intentional Fragments

168

(1)

Comma Splices and Fused Sentences

169

(5)

Comma Splices

170

(1)

Fused Sentences

171

(3)

Verb Forms

174

(16)

Principal Parts for Regular and Irregular Verbs

174

(4)

Verb Forms for Tense, Voice, and Mood

178

(8)

Appropriate Forms for Troublesome Verbs

186

(4)

Subject-Verb Agreement

190

(10)

Compound Subjects

191

(1)

Intervening Phrases or Clauses

192

(1)

Collective Nouns

193

(1)

Nouns Plural in Form but Singular in Meaning

194

(1)

Indefinite and Relative Pronoun Subjects

194

(3)

Titles

197

(1)

Units of Measurement, Time, and Money

197

(1)

Inverted Sentence Order

197

(1)

Agreement with Subject, Not Subject Complement

198

(2)

Pronouns: Agreement, Reference, and Usage

200

(9)

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

201

(3)

Pronoun Reference

204

(3)

Pronoun Usage

207

(2)

Pronoun Case

209

(9)

Subjective, Possessive, and Objective

209

(9)

Adjectives and Adverbs

218

(8)

Misused Adjective Forms

218

(1)

Misused Adverb Forms

219

(3)

Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs

222

(3)

Double Negatives

225

(1)

Shifts and Mixed Constructions

226

(10)

Shifts

226

(1)

In Number

226

(1)

In Person

227

(1)

In Voice

228

(1)

In Mood

229

(1)

In Verb Tense

230

(1)

Tense with Clauses

231

(1)

Tense with Infinitives

232

(1)

Tense with Participles

233

(1)

Mixed Constructions

234

(1)

Mixed Sentence Structure

234

(2)

Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers

236

(5)

Dangling Modifiers

236

(1)

Misplaced Modifiers

237

(2)

Squinting Modifiers

239

(2)

Sentence Completeness

241

(5)

Faulty Predication

241

(2)

False Comparisons

243

(1)

Incomplete Comparisons

244

(1)

Ambiguous Comparisons

244

(1)

Omitted Comparative Words

245

(1)

English as a Second Language

246

(26)

Nouns, Articles, and Other Determiners

247

(6)

Adjectives, Adverbs, and Qualifiers

253

(3)

Verb Forms

256

(10)

Verbs in Sentences

266

(6)

PART V CLEAR SENTENCES

Coordination, Subordination, and Parallelism

272

(10)

Coordination

272

(2)

Subordination

274

(4)

Parallelism

278

(4)

Conciseness

282

(8)

Wordiness and Repetition

283

(3)

Flowery Language

286

(1)

Directness of Assertion

287

(3)

Variety and Emphasis

290

(16)

Variety of Sentence Structure

291

(9)

Emphasizing Important Elements

300

(6)

PART VI DICTION AND STYLE

Appropriate Word Choice

306

(8)

Slang

308

(1)

Colloquialisms

309

(1)

Jargon

310

(1)

Gobbledygook

311

(3)

Sexist and Biased Language

314

(7)

Sexist Language

314

(4)

Biased Language

318

(3)

Exact Word Choice

321

(9)

Specific and General Words

321

(1)

Concrete and Abstract Words

322

(2)

Denotation and Connotation

324

(6)

PART VII PUNCTUATION, MECHANICS, AND SPELLING

End Punctuation

330

(5)

The Period

330

(2)

The Question Mark

332

(1)

The Exclamation Point

333

(2)

The Comma

335

(19)

Between Coordinate Elements

335

(4)

After Introductory Words, Phrases, and Clauses

339

(2)

Before Certain Terminal Elements

341

(2)

Around Interrupting Elements

343

(6)

Unnecessary Commas

349

(5)

The Semicolon

354

(5)

Between Independent Clauses

355

(1)

Between Items in a Series

356

(1)

Misused Semicolons

357

(2)

The Colon

359

(4)

Before Elements Introduced Formally

359

(1)

Before Formal Appositives

360

(1)

Between Two Independent Clauses

360

(1)

In Salutations and Bibliographical Entries

361

(1)

Misused Colons

361

(2)

The Dash

363

(2)

With an Introductory Series

363

(1)

With Parenthetical Elements

364

(1)

With Terminal Elements

364

(1)

Parentheses

365

(3)

With Incidental Comments and Additional Information

366

(1)

With Items in a Series

367

(1)

With Other Punctuation Marks

367

(1)

Brackets

368

(3)

With Inserted Information

368

(1)

With Parentheses

369

(2)

Quotation Marks

371

(7)

For Direct Quotations

371

(1)

Block Quotations

372

(2)

For Quotations within Quotations

374

(1)

For Titles of Short Works

374

(1)

With Other Punctuation Marks

374

(2)

Misused Quotation Marks

376

(2)

Ellipsis Points and the Slash

378

(2)

Ellipsis Points

378

(1)

The Slash

379

(1)

Italics or Underlining

380

(3)

For Titles

380

(1)

For Words

381

(2)

The Apostrophe

383

(6)

In Possessive Forms

383

(3)

In Plural Forms

386

(1)

For Omissions

387

(1)

In Contractions

387

(2)

The Hyphen

389

(5)

In Compound Nouns

389

(1)

In Compound Adjectives

389

(2)

In Compound Numbers and Fractions

391

(1)

With Prefixes and Suffixes

391

(1)

For Word Division at the End of a Line

392

(2)

Abbreviations

394

(5)

For Titles or Designations

394

(2)

For Acronyms and Organizational Abbreviations

396

(1)

In Dates and Numbers

396

(2)

Avoiding Unconventional Abbreviations

398

(1)

Numbers

399

(3)

Numbers versus Words in Sentences

399

(1)

For Conventional Identifications

400

(2)

Capitalization

402

(6)

First Words of Sentences or Verses

402

(1)

Titles, Names, and Words Based on Names

403

(3)

Conventional Capitalization

406

(2)

Spelling

408

(10)

Doubling the Final Consonant

408

(1)

Dropping or Keeping the Silent e

409

(1)

Changing or Keeping a Final y

410

(1)

Choosing between ei and ie

410

(1)

Forming Noun Plurals

411

(1)

Distinguishing among Homophones

412

(6)

PART VIII THE RESEARCH PAPER

Selecting and Limiting a Topic

418

(5)

Limiting Your Topic

419

(1)

Exploring Resources

420

(1)

Exploring Purpose

421

(1)

Exploring Scope

422

(1)

Doing Research

423

(20)

Scheduling Your Research Paper

423

(2)

Finding Information

425

(14)

Primary and Secondary Sources of Information

439

(1)

Compiling a Working Bibliography

440

(3)

Checklist: Evaluating Primary and Secondary Sources

441

(2)

Writing the Research Paper

443

(16)

Taking Notes

443

(5)

Prewriting

448

(1)

Formulating a Preliminary Thesis and Constructing a Working Outline

448

(3)

Constructing a Formal Outline

451

(1)

Writing and Revising the Paper

452

(1)

Avoiding Plagiarism

453

(6)

Checklist: Revising Your Research Paper

454

(4)

Checklist: Avoiding Plagiarism

458

(1)

Documenting Sources---MLA Style

459

(18)

Preparing the List of Works Cited

459

(3)

Sample MLA Works Cited Entries

462

(9)

Sample In-Text Parenthetical Citations---MLA Style

471

(5)

Content Notes

476

(1)

Documenting Sources---APA and Other Styles

477

(12)

Preparing the List of References

477

(2)

Sample APA References

479

(4)

Sample In-Text Parenthetical Citations---APA Style

483

(2)

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