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MC68HC11 An Introduction

by: Huang, Han-Uei; Chartrand, Leo

MC68HC11 An Introduction

by: Huang, Han-Uei; Chartrand, Leo

ISBN 13:
9780766816008
ISBN 10:
0766816001
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 06/01/2000
Publisher: Delmar Cengage Learning

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Summary

The new, second edition of this comprehensive book on the 68HC11 microcontroller from Motorola is unique in that it uses both the assembly language (for better hardware control and execution time) and the C language (for faster projection completion) to instruct readers in the basics of interface programming.-- Numerous examples illustrate the instruction execution process, addressing modes, program loops, multi-precision arithmetic, array and string processing, subroutine calls, and more.-- Detailed tutorials instruct readers in how to use Buffalo commands and download programs to Motorola EVA and Axiom CMD11-A8 demo boards for execution.-- 68HC11 subsystems are explored thoroughly with numerous examples to illustrate their applications.-- All-new appendices include an updated I/O register and development tool vendor directory, new design projects, plus standard resistor values.

Preface

xiii

Introduction to Motorola 68HC11

(36)

Objectives

(1)

What is a Computer?

(6)

The Processor

(3)

Memory

(3)

The Computer's Software

(2)

The 68HC11 CPU Registers

(2)

Memory Addressing

(1)

The 68HC11 Addressing Modes

(4)

Immediate (IMM)

(1)

Direct Mode (DIR)

(1)

Extended Mode (EXT)

(1)

Indexed Mode (INDX, INDY)

(1)

Inherent Mode (INH)

(1)

Relative Mode (REL)

(1)

A Sample of 68HC11 Instructions

(7)

The LOAD Instruction

(2)

The ADD Instruction

(2)

The SUB Instruction

(1)

The STORE Instruction

(2)

The 68HC11 Machine Code

(8)

A Machine Code Sequence

(1)

Decoding Machine Language Instructions

(2)

The Instruction Execution Cycle

(4)

Instruction Timing

(1)

Summary

(2)

Exercises

(3)

68HC11 Assembly Programming

(76)

Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Assembly Language Program Structure

(5)

The Global View of a 68HC11 Assembly Program

(1)

The Local View of a 68HC11 Assembly Program

(3)

A Sample of Assembler Directives

(3)

Flowcharts

(1)

Writing Programs to Do Arithmetic

(14)

The Carry/Borrow Flag

(1)

Multiprecision Addition

(2)

Subtraction and the C Flag

(1)

Multiprecision Subtraction

(2)

Binary-Coded Decimal Addition

(2)

Multiplication and Division

(5)

Program Loops

(11)

The Condition Code Register

(1)

Conditional Branch Instructions

(2)

Decrementing and Incrementing Instructions

(1)

Compare Instructions

(3)

Special Conditional Branch Instructions

(2)

Instructions for Variable Initialization

(1)

Shift and Rotate Instructions

(8)

Program Execution Time

(3)

68HC11 Development Tools

(23)

Software Tools

(5)

68HC11 Evaluation Boards

(18)

Summary

106

(1)

Exercises

107

(2)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

109

(4)

Data Structures and Subroutine Calls

113

(50)

Objectives

113

(1)

Introduction

114

(1)

The Stack

114

(4)

Indexable Data Structures

118

(7)

Strings

125

(6)

Subroutines

131

(1)

Subroutine Call and Return

131

(2)

Issues in Subroutine Calls

133

(2)

The Stack Frame

135

(3)

Examples of Subroutine Calls

138

(15)

Using Registers to Pass Parameters

138

(3)

Using the Stack to Pass Parameters

141

(12)

Input and Output Routines

153

(3)

Summary

156

(1)

Exercises

157

(4)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

161

(2)

C Language Programming

163

(36)

Objectives

163

(1)

Introduction to C

164

(1)

Types, Operators, and Expressions

165

(3)

Data Types

165

(1)

Declarations

165

(1)

Constants

166

(1)

Arithmetic Operators

166

(1)

Bitwise Operators

167

(1)

Relational and Logical Operators

168

(1)

Control Flow

168

(3)

If-Else Statement

169

(1)

Multiway Conditional Statement

169

(1)

Switch Statement

169

(1)

For-Loop Statement

170

(1)

While Statement

171

(1)

Do-While Statement

171

(1)

Input and Output

171

(2)

Functions and Program Structure

173

(2)

Pointers and Arrays

175

(4)

Pointers and Addresses

175

(2)

Arrays

177

(1)

Pointers and Arrays

177

(1)

Passing Arrays to a Function

178

(1)

Miscellaneous Items

179

(1)

External Variables

179

(1)

Scope Rules

179

(1)

Using the ImageCraft C Compiler (ICC11)

180

(12)

Adjust the ImageCraft C Compiler

192

(2)

Summary

194

(1)

Exercises

195

(1)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

196

(3)

Operation Modes and Memory Expansion

199

(42)

Objectives

199

(1)

Introduction

200

(1)

A Summary of 68HC11 Signal Pins

200

(1)

68HC11 Operation Modes

200

(3)

Single Chip Mode

200

(2)

Expanded Mode

202

(1)

Special Bootstrap Mode

202

(1)

Special Test Mode

202

(1)

Setting the Operation Mode

202

(1)

Memory Technology Overview

203

(3)

Memory Component Types

203

(1)

Memory Capacity and Organization

204

(1)

Memory Addressing

205

(1)

External Memory Expansion for 68HC11

206

(8)

Memory Space Assignment

206

(4)

Address Decoding Methods

210

(4)

Bus Cycles

214

(20)

Conventions of Timing Diagrams

215

(2)

The 68HC11 Bus Cycle Timing Diagram

217

(2)

Adding External Memory to the 68HC11

219

(15)

Programming 68HC711E9 Devices with PCbug11 and 68HC11EVBU

234

(1)

Summary

235

(1)

Exercises

236

(3)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

239

(2)

Interrupts and Resets

241

(28)

Objectives

241

(1)

Basics of Interrupts

242

(6)

What is an Interrupt?

242

(1)

Why are Interrupts Used?

242

(1)

Interrupt Maskability

243

(1)

Interrupt Priority

243

(1)

Interrupt Service

243

(1)

Interrupt Vector

244

(1)

Interrupt Programming

245

(1)

Overhead of Interrupts

246

(2)

Resets

248

(1)

68HC11 Interrupts

248

(7)

68HC11 Interrupt Handling Procedure

250

(1)

Priority Structure of the 68HC11 Maskable Interrupts

251

(2)

Nonmaskable Interrupts

253

(2)

Low-Power Modes

255

(1)

The WAIT Instruction

255

(1)

The STOP Instruction

256

(1)

The 68HC11 Resets

256

(3)

External Reset Pin

256

(1)

Power-On Reset

257

(1)

CPU after Reset

257

(1)

Establishing Mode of Operation

257

(1)

Computer Operating Properly (COP) Watchdog Timer Reset

258

(1)

Clock Monitor Reset

259

(1)

68HC11 Interrupt Programming

259

(6)

Writing the Interrupt Service Routine

260

(1)

Set Up Interrupt Vector Table

260

(3)

Enable Interrupts

263

(2)

Summary

265

(1)

Exercises

266

(1)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

267

(2)

Parallel I/O Ports

269

(72)

Objectives

269

(1)

Basic I/O Concepts

270

(1)

I/O Addressing

271

(1)

I/O Transfer Synchronization

272

(5)

Synchronizing the Microprocessor and Interface Chip

273

(1)

Synchronizing the Interface Chip and I/O Device

274

(3)

68HC11 Parallel I/O Overview

277

(3)

Bidirectional I/O (Ports C and D)

277

(1)

Fixed Direction I/O (Ports A, B, and E)

278

(1)

Port Registers and I/O Operation

278

(2)

68HC11 Strobed I/O

280

(3)

Strobed Input Port C

282

(1)

Strobed Output Port B

282

(1)

Port C Handshake I/O

283

(3)

Port C Input Handshake Protocol

283

(1)

Port C Output Handshake Protocol

284

(2)

Simple Input Devices

286

(1)

Interfacing Parallel Ports to the Keyboard

287

(7)

Keyboard Scanning Techniques

288

(2)

Keyboard Debouncing

290

(3)

ASCII Code Table Lookup

293

(1)

Interfacing 68HC11 to a Keypad

294

(4)

Simple Output Devices

298

(21)

A Single LED

298

(2)

The Seven-Segment Display

300

(7)

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)

307

(1)

The Optrex DMC-20434 LCD Kit

308

(6)

Interfacing with a D/A Converter Using the 68HC11 Output Ports

314

(5)

Centronics Printer Interface

319

(6)

The i8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface

325

(11)

Operation of the i8255

326

(1)

i8255 Operation Modes

327

(9)

Summary

336

(1)

Exercises

337

(2)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

339

(2)

68HC11 Timer Functions

341

(60)

Objectives

341

(1)

Introduction

342

(1)

Free-Running Main Timer

343

(3)

Input-Capture Functions

346

(3)

Applications of the Input-Capture Function

349

(14)

Output-Compare Functions

363

(10)

Operation of the Output-Compare Function

364

(2)

Applications of the Output-Compare Function

366

(7)

Use OC1 to Control Multiple Output-Compare Functions

373

(7)

Forced Output-Compare

380

(2)

Real-Time Interrupt (RTI)

382

(3)

Pulse Accumulator

385

(10)

Pulse Accumulator-Related Registers

386

(1)

Pulse Accumulator Applications

387

(8)

Summary

395

(1)

Exercises

396

(1)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

397

(4)

68HC11 Serial Communication Interface

401

(52)

Objectives

401

(1)

Introduction

402

(1)

RS232 Standard

403

(9)

EIA-232-E Electrical Specification

404

(1)

EIA-232-E Functional Specification

404

(1)

EIA-232-E Mechanical Specification

405

(1)

EIA-232-E Procedural Specification

406

(5)

Data Transmission Errors

411

(1)

The Null Moderm Connection

411

(1)

The 68HC11 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)

412

(7)

Data Format

412

(1)

Wake-Up Feature

412

(1)

Start Bit Detection

413

(1)

Determining the Logic Value of Data Bits

413

(1)

Receive the Stop Bit

414

(1)

Receive Errors

414

(1)

The Receive Process of a Character

414

(1)

The Transmitting Process of a Character

414

(1)

SCI Registers

415

(4)

SCI Interfacing

419

(6)

Serial Communication Support Chips

425

(1)

The MC6850 ACIA

425

(23)

ACIA Registers

426

(3)

The ACIA Operation

429

(2)

The Bus Timing of ACIA

431

(1)

Interfacing an ACIA to the 68HC11

431

(7)

Configuring the ACIA

438

(1)

A Terminal I/O Package for ACIA

439

(9)

Summary

448

(1)

Exercises

449

(1)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

450

(3)

68HC11 Serial Peripheral Interface

453

(72)

Objectives

453

(1)

Introduction

454

(1)

Signal Pins

454

(1)

SPI-Related Registers

455

(4)

Serial Peripheral Control Register (SPCR)

455

(2)

Serial Peripheral Status Register (SPSR)

457

(1)

Port D Data Direction Register (DDRD)

458

(1)

SPI Operation

459

(5)

SPI Circuit Connection

460

(1)

SPI Data Transfer

460

(4)

Simulating the SPI

464

(1)

SPI-Compatible Peripheral Chips

464

(1)

Interfacing the HC589 to SPI

465

(5)

HC589 Pins

466

(1)

Circuit Connection of HC589 and the SPI

466

(4)

Interfacing the HC595 to SPI

470

(5)

HC595 Pins

471

(1)

Circuit Connection of HC595 and the SPI

472

(3)

Interfacing the MC14489 to SPI

475

(11)

The Signal Pins of the MC14489

475

(3)

Operation of the MC14489

478

(4)

Cascading the MC14489s

482

(4)

Interfacing LCDs with SPI

486

(15)

MC145000 and MC145001 LCD Drivers

488

(7)

Interfacing the MC145000 and MC145001 to the 68HC11

495

(6)

The MC68HC68T1 Real Time Clock with Serial Interface

501

(21)

MC68HC68T1 Signal Pins

501

(2)

On-Chip RAM and Registers

503

(5)

The MC68HC68T1 Operation and Interfacing the 68HC68TI to the 68HC11

508

(12)

Power Control

520

(1)

Watchdog Function

521

(1)

Summary

522

(1)

Exercises

522

(1)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

523

(2)

Analog-to-Digital Converter

525

(258)

Objectives

525

(1)

Introduction

526

(1)

Successive Approximation Method

527

(1)

Signal Conditioning Circuits

528

(4)

Optimal Voltage Range for the A/D Converter

528

(1)

Voltage Scaling Circuit

529

(1)

Voltage Shifting and Scaling Circuit

530

(2)

An Overview of the 68HC11 A/D Converter

532

(1)

A/D System Options

533

(1)

The Clock Frequency Issue

533

(1)

A/D System Registers

534

(2)

A/D Result Registers 1, 2, 3 and 4 (ADR1, ADR2, ADR3, and ADR4)

534

(1)

A/D Control/Status Register

534

(2)

OPTION Register

536

(1)

Procedure for Using the A/D System

536

(7)

Measuring the Temperature

543

(7)

Measuring the Humidity

550

(8)

Processing the A/D Results

558

(5)

Using the External A/D Converter MAX1241

563

(6)

MAX1241 Signal Pins

563

(1)

Chip Functioning

564

(1)

Timing and Control

565

(1)

Interfacing the MAX1241 with the 68HC11

566

(3)

Summary

569

(1)

Exercises

570

(2)

Lab Exercises and Assignments

572

(3)

Appendixes

A Number Systems

575

(33)

B Design Projects

608

(10)

C 68HC11A8 Register and Control Bit Summary

618

(3)

D Instruction Listing by Alphabetical Order

621

(9)

E Interrupt Vectors and Demo Board Vector Table

630

(2)

F SPI-Compatible Chips

632

(5)

G 68HC11 Development Tool Vendors

637

(3)

H Standard Values of Commercially Available Resistors

640

(2)

I Data Sheets

642

(141)

Glossary

783

(8)

Index

791

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

MC68HC11 An Introduction

MC68HC11 An Introduction

9780766816008

0766816001

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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