This book presents, critically evaluates and synthesizes the current literature relating to self-reliance, local knowledge and natural resource use and management in the Developing World. It considers policy, practical and theoretical implications in terms of past, present and future development thinking. Synthesizing material from both the natural and the social sciences, it:- outlines the key developmental challenges which countries and communities in the Developing World currently face- investigates the nature and role of local knowledge and community-based development- details how various elements of the bio-physical landscape are utilized and managed by communities to ensure sustainable environmental resource use, and how social and ecological systems interact- explores policy implications and future development alternatives which might more effectively incorporate local knowledgeCovering the entire Developing World, with case study material drawn from Asia, Latin America and Africa, this impressive volume systematically considers the role of local knowledge and survival strategies within past, present and future development strategies.