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Living Religions

ISBN: 9780132548069 | 0132548062
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference
Pub. Date: 1/1/1996

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SummaryTable of Contents
This exceptionally readable survey of the modern religious world explores the development, doctrines, and practices of today's major faiths both traditional faiths and new religious movements.The book emphasizes the personal consciousness of believers and their own account of themselves, their religion, and reality at large. Each chapter focuses on a different religion looking first at its historical development and teachings, and then exploring how these traditions have evolved into contemporary beliefs and practices.
Preface9(3)
CHAPTER ONE THE RELIGIOUS RESPONSE
12(26)
Why are there religions?
12(9)
... MORE
Fulfillment of basic human needs
15(5)
Realities beyond the visible world
20(1)
Science, religion, and the new understanding
21(4)
Modes of encountering Ultimate Reality
25(2)
Understandings of the Ultimate Reality
27(3)
Workship and symbol
30(1)
Women and the feminine in religions
31(2)
Fundamentalist and liberal interpretations
33(1)
The negative side of organized religion
34(1)
Angels Weep
35(2)
Suggested reading
37(1)
CHAPTER TWO INDIGENOUS SACRED WAYS
38(31)
Barriers to understanding
38(4)
Cultural diversity
42(1)
The circle of right relationships
43(3)
Relationships with spirit
44(2)
Kinship with all creation
46(1)
TEACHING STORY: Osun and the Power of Woman
46(5)
Relationships with power
49(2)
Spiritual specialists
51(5)
Various sacred roles
51(2)
Shamans
53(3)
Living Indigenous Sacred Ways: An Interview with Nadezhda Ananyevna Stepanova
56(2)
Contemporary rituals
58(5)
Group observances
59(3)
Individual observances
62(1)
Contemporary issues
63(1)
The Sun Dance Way of Self-Sacrifice
64(4)
Suggested reading
68(1)
CHAPTER THREE HINDUISM
69(45)
Pre-Vedic religion
70(1)
Vedic religion
71(12)
The Vedas
71(3)
Sacrifices
74(2)
Castes and social duties
76(1)
Transcendent Reality
77(1)
Devotional religion of the epics and Puranas
78(5)
TEACHING STORY: Hanuman, the Monkey Chief
83(4)
Spiritual disciplines
87(8)
The guru
88(1)
Yogic practices
89(6)
Living Hinduism: An Interview with Sarala Chakrabarty
95(1)
Major theistic cults
95(5)
Saktas
96(1)
Saivites
97(2)
Vaishnavites
99(1)
Major philosophical systems
100(2)
Samkyha
100(1)
Yoga
101(1)
Advaita Vedanta
102(1)
Popular forms of worship
102(5)
Devotions and rituals
102(3)
Festivals
105(2)
Modern world Hinduism
107(2)
Dharmic principles in action: the Swadhyaya Movement
109(4)
Suggested reading
113(1)
CHAPTER FOUR JAINISM
114(12)
The Tirthankaras and Ascetic Orders
114(2)
Freeing the soul: the ethical pillars
116(2)
Karma
116(1)
Ahimsa
116(2)
Prescriptions for Monks and Nuns
118(1)
Aparigraha
118(1)
Anekantwad
119(1)
Spiritual practices
119(2)
TEACHING STORY: The Story of Bahubali
121(2)
Living Jainisn: An Interview with R. P. Jain
123(1)
World Jainism
124(1)
Suggested reading
125(1)
CHAPTER FIVE BUDDHISM
126(38)
The life of the Buddha
126(5)
The Dharma
131(4)
The basic facts of existence
132(1)
The Eightfold Path of liberation
133(2)
TEACHING STORY: The Monkeys take Care of the Trees
135(7)
The wheel of birth and death
135(1)
Nirvana
136(1)
Buddhism south and north
137(1)
Theravada: the path of mindfulness
138(4)
Living Buddhism: An Interview with two Thai Buddhists
142(16)
Mahayana: the path of compassion and metaphysics
145(3)
Tibetan Vajrayana: short-cut to the Palace of Unity
148(3)
Zen: the great way of enlightenment
151(4)
Pure Land: calling on Amida Buddha
155(1)
Nichiren: salvation through the Lotus Sutra
156(2)
Life in a Western Zen Monastery
158(2)
Buddhism in the West
160(1)
Socially engaged Buddhism
161(1)
Suggested reading
162(2)
CHAPTER SIX TAOISM AND CONFUCIANISM
164(24)
Ancient traditions
164(1)
Taoism - The Way of Nature and Immortality
165(3)
Teachings of Taoist sages
166(2)
TEACHING STORY: Three in the Morning
168(8)
Immortals Taoism
173(1)
Popular Taoism today
174(2)
Confucianism -- the practice of virtue
176(9)
Master K'ung's life
177(2)
The Confucian virtues
179(2)
Divergent followers of Confucius
181(1)
Confucianism as a state cult
181(4)
Living Confucianism: An Interview with Ann-ping Chin
185(2)
Suggested reading
187(1)
CHAPTER SEVEN SHINTO
188(14)
The origins of Shinto
188(6)
Ceremonies
192(1)
Purification
193(1)
Purification by Waterfall
194(4)
Festivals
195(1)
Buddhist and Confucian influences
196(1)
State Shinto
197(1)
Shinto today
198(1)
Living Shinto: An Interview with Hitoshi Iwasaki
199(2)
Suggested reading
201(1)
CHAPTER EIGHT ZOROASTRIANISM
202(14)
Origins in ancient Iran
202(1)
Zarathushtra's mission
203(1)
Post-Zarathushtran history
204(1)
Zoroastrian teachings
205(3)
The primacy of Ahura Mazda
206(1)
The choice between good and evil
207(1)
Heaven and hell
208(1)
The final resurrection
208(1)
Environmental ethics
208(1)
TEACHING STORY: The Fate of the Soul after Death
209(1)
Spiritual practices
210(2)
Living Zoroastrianism: An Interview with Tina Mehta
212(2)
Zoroastrianism today
214(1)
Suggested reading
215(1)
CHAPTER NINE JUDAISM
216(49)
A history of the Jewish people
216(10)
Biblical stories
217(9)
TEACHING STORY: from the Hebrew Bible
226(21)
David and Goliath
226(3)
Return to Jerusalem
229(2)
Christianity diverges from Judaism
231(1)
The rabbinic tradition
232(2)
Judaism in the Middle Ages
234(3)
Enlightenment
237(1)
Kabbalah and Hasidism
238(2)
American Judaism
240(1)
Holocaust
240(5)
Zionism
245(2)
Torah
247(4)
The One God
247(1)
Love for God
248(1)
The sacredness of human life
248(1)
Law
249(1)
Suffering and faith
250(1)
Sacred practices
251(1)
Living Judaism: An Interview with Herman Taube
252(3)
Holy days
255(5)
Contemporary Judaism
260(3)
Suggested reading
263(2)
CHAPTER TEN CHRISTIANITY
265(66)
The Christian Bible
265(2)
The life and teachings of Jesus
267(6)
Birth
267(1)
Preparation
267(2)
Ministry
269(4)
TEACHING STORY: The Good Samaritan
273(7)
Challenges to the authorities
274(3)
Crucifixion
277(2)
Resurrection
279(1)
The Early Church
280(6)
From persecution to empire
280(2)
Evolving organization and theology
282(3)
Early monasticism
285(1)
The Eastern Orthodox Church
286(7)
The history of the Orthodox Church
286(2)
The Russian Orthodox Church
288(1)
The Orthodox world today
289(2)
Distinctive features of Orthodox spirituality
291(2)
Russian Orthodox Kenoticism
293(1)
Medieval Roman Catholicism
293(6)
Papal power
294(2)
Intellectual revival and monasticism
296(1)
Medieval mysticism
297(2)
The Protestant Reformation
299(4)
The Roman Catholic Reformation
303(1)
The impact of the Enlightenment
304(1)
Vatican Councils I and II
305(2)
Central beliefs in contemporary Christianity
307(2)
Christian Love in Action: Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity
309(1)
Sacred practices
310(10)
Worship services and sacraments
310(3)
The liturgical year
313(2)
Contemplative prayer
315(3)
Devotions to Mary
318(1)
Veneration of saints and angels
319(1)
Contemporary trends
320(8)
Evangelicalism
321(1)
Charismatics
322(2)
Cultural broadening
324(1)
Liberation theology
325(1)
Creation-centered Christianity
326(1)
Conscience and the fall of communism
327(1)
Living Christianity: An Interview with John Blazo, Maryknoll Lay Brother
328(2)
Ecumenical movement
329(1)
Suggested reading
330(1)
CHAPTER ELEVEN ISLAM
331(44)
The Prophet Muhammad
331(7)
TEACHING STORY: The Humility of the Prophet
338(1)
The Qur'an
338(3)
Living Islam: An Interview with Khaled Aly Khaled
341(1)
The central teachings
342(4)
The Oneness of God and of humanity
342(1)
Prophethood and the compass of Islam
343(1)
Human relationship to the divine
343(2)
The unseen life
345(1)
The Last Judgment
345(1)
The Sunni-Shi'ite split
346(3)
Sunnis
347(1)
Shi'ites
348(1)
Sufism
349(3)
The Five Pillars and jihad
352(7)
Belief and witness
353(1)
Daily prayers
353(2)
Fasting
355(1)
Zakat
355(1)
Hajj
356(1)
Jihad
357(2)
The spread of Islam
359(6)
Islamic culture
361(2)
Eastward expansion
363(2)
Relationships with the West
365(3)
Islam in the United States
367(1)
Muslim resurgence
368(5)
Return to Shari'ah
368(2)
Outreach and education
370(1)
Islam in politics
371(2)
Suggested reading
373(2)
CHAPTER TWELVE SIKHISM
375(19)
The sant tradition
375(1)
Guru Nanak
376(2)
The succession of gurus
378(5)
TEACHING STORY: Guru Arjun Dev's Devotion
383(1)
Central beliefs
383(3)
Sacred practices
386(3)
Sikhism today
389(1)
Living Sikhism: An Interview with G. S. Jauhal
390(3)
Suggested reading
393(1)
CHAPTER THIRTEEN NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS
394(28)
Apocalyptic expectations
396(3)
Rastafarianism
397(1)
Jehovah's Witnesses
398(1)
Supernatural powers and revelations
399(4)
Offshoots and combinations of older religions
403(8)
New Thought
404(1)
Radhasoami
405(2)
Brahma Kumaris
407(1)
The Unification Church
408(3)
Living New Religions: An Interview with Ursula McLackland of the Unification Church
411(1)
Nature spirituality
412(4)
Revival of old models
412(2)
Deep ecology
414(1)
"New Age" planetary consciousness
414(2)
Universalist religions
416(3)
Universal Worship
417(1)
Baha'i
417(2)
The Baha'i Model for Governance of the World
419(2)
Suggested reading
421(1)
CHAPTER FOURTEEN RELIGION AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY
422(15)
Religious pluralism
422(3)
Hardening of religious boundaries
423(2)
Interfaith movement
425(2)
Responses to other faiths
426(1)
Guidelines for Interreligious Understanding
427(2)
Interfaith meetings
428(1)
TEACHING STORY: The Frog in the Well
429(3)
Religion and social issues
432(1)
Religion and materialism
433(2)
Religion and the future of humanity
435(1)
Suggested reading
436(1)
Notes437(11)
Glossary448(8)
Credits456(2)
Index458

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