1             Think as a Writer    

a Think About the Process of Communication   

b Think About Your Audience   

c Think About Your Credibility   

2             Read and View with a Critical Eye    

a Become a Critical Reader   

b Become a Critical Viewer   

3             Plan and Draft    

a Establish Goals and Find a Topic   

b Write a Working Thesis   

c Determine Your Organization   

d Focus Your Paragraphs   

e Write Effective Beginning and Ending Paragraphs   

4             Revise, Edit, and Proofread    

a Evaluate Your Draft   

b Learn Strategies for Rewriting   

c Edit for Specific Goals

d Proofread Carefully

e Review the Writing of Others

5             Write Arguments    

a Position Arguments and Proposal Arguments   

b Find an Arguable Topic and Make a Claim   

c Organize and Write a Position Argument

d Make a Proposal

e Organize and Write a Proposal Argument

6             Write in Academic Genres    

a Write an Observation   

b Write a Case Study

c Write a Rhetorical Analysis   

d Write an Essay Exam   

7             Write in Online and Multimedia Genres    

a Compose Blogs and Discussion Posts   

b Create Multimedia Projects   

PART 2 Planning Research and Finding Sources

Research Map: Conducting Research   

8          Plan Your Research    

            a Analyze the Research Task   

            b Find and Narrow a Topic   

            c Determine What Kind of Research You Need   

            d Draft a Working Thesis   

            e Create a Working Bibliography 

9          Find Sources    

            a Develop Strategies for Finding Sources   

            b Find Sources in Databases   

            c Find Sources on the Web   

            d Find Print Sources   

            e Keep Track of Sources   

10        Evaluate Sources      

            a Determine the Relevance of Sources   

            b Evaluate Database and Print Sources   

            c Evaluate Web Sources   

11        Plan Field Research      

            a Know What You Can Obtain from Field Research   

            b Conduct Interviews   

            c Administer Surveys   

            d Make Observations   

PART 3 Incorporating and Documenting Sources

12 Use Sources Effectively and Avoid Plagiarism   

a Decide When to Quote and When to Summarize and Paraphrase   

b Take Notes Effectively  

c Use Quotations Effectively  

d Integrate Quotations

e Use Summaries and Paraphrases Effectively  

13 Understand and Avoid Plagiarism  

a What Is Plagiarism?   

b Which Sources Do You Need to Acknowledge?   

14        MLA Documentation    

            MLA Documentation Map    

            a Citing Sources in an MLA-Style Project  

            b Creating the List of Works Cited  

            c In-text Citations in MLA Style  

            d Illustrated Samples and Index of Works Cited  

            e Journals, Magazines Newspapers, and Other Print Sources   

            f Books   

            g Library Database Sources   

            h Web Sources and Other Online Sources   

            i Visual Sources   

            j Multimedia Sources   

            k Sample Research Paper with MLA Documentation   

15        APA Documentation    

            a In-text Citations in APA Style  

            b Illustrated Samples and Index of References  

            c Periodical Sources   

            d Books  

            e Online Sources  

            f Visual and Multimedia Sources

            g Sample Pages from a Research Paper with APA Documentation

16        CMS Documentation 

            a The Elements of CMS Documentation

            b Books and Nonperiodical Sources

            c Periodical Sources

            d Online Sources

              e Sample Pages with CMS Documentation

17        CSE Documentation 

            a In-Text References in CSE Style

            b Books and Nonperiodical Sources

            c Periodical Sources

            d Online Sources

              e Sample Pages with CSE Documentation

Part 4  Effective Style and Language

18        Write with Power 

            a Recognize active and passive voice  

            b Use action verbs  

            c Find agents  

            d Vary your sentences  

19        Write Concisely 

            a Eliminate unnecessary words  

            b Reduce wordy phrases  

            c Simplify tangled sentences  

20          Write with Emphasis 

            a Manage emphasis within sentences  

            b Forge links across sentences  

            c Use parallel structure with parallel ideas  

21        Find the Right Words 

            a Be aware of levels of formality  

            b Be aware of denotation and connotation  

            c Use specific language  

            d Write to be inclusive  

            e Recognize international varieties of English  

Part 5  Understanding Grammar

22        Fragments, Run-ons, and Comma Splices 

            a Fragments  

            b Run-on sentences  

            c Comma splices  

23        Subject-Verb Agreement 

            a Agreement in the present tense  

            b Singular and plural subjects  

            c Indefinite pronouns as subjects  

            d Collective nouns as subjects  

            e Inverted word order  

            f Amounts, numbers, and pairs  

24        Verbs 

            a Basic verb forms  

            b Irregular verbs  

            c Transitive and intransitive verbs  

25        Pronouns 

            a Pronoun case  

            b Pronoun agreement  

            c Avoiding sexist pronouns  

            d Vague reference  

26        Shifts 

            a Shifts in tense  

            b Shifts in mood  

            c Shifts in voice  

            d Shifts in person and number  

27        Modifiers 

            a Choose the correct modifier  

            b Place adjectives carefully  

            c Place adverbs carefully  

            d Hyphens with compound modifiers  

            e Revise dangling modifiers  

28        Grammar for Multilingual Writers 

            a Nouns  

            b Articles  

            c Verbs  

Part 6  Understanding Puncutation and Mechanics

29        Commas 

            a Commas with introductory elements  

            b Commas with compound clauses  

            c Commas with nonrestrictive modifiers  

            d Commas with items in a series  

            e Commas with coordinate adjectives  

            f Commas with quotations  

            g Commas with dates, numbers, titles, and addresses  

            h Commas to avoid confusion  

            i Unnecessary commas  

30          Semicolons and Colons 

            a Semicolons with closely related main clauses  

            b Semicolons together with commas  

            c Colons in sentences  

            d Colons with lists  

31        Dashes and Parentheses 

            a Dashes and parentheses to set off information  

            b Dashes and parentheses versus commas  

            c Other punctuation with parentheses  

32        Apostrophes 

            a Possessives  

            b Contractions and omitted letters  

            c Plurals of letters, symbols, and words referred to as words  

33        Quotation Marks 

            a Direct quotations  

            b Titles of short works  

            c Other uses of quotation marks  

            d Other punctuation with quotation marks  

            e Misuses of quotation marks  

34        Other Punctuation Marks 

            a Periods  

            b Question marks  

            c Exclamation points  

            d Brackets  

            e Ellipses  

            f Slashes  

35        Capitalization, Italics, Abbreviations, Numbers 

            a Capital letters  

            b Italics  

            c Abbreviations  

            d Acronyms  

            e Numbers  

Glossary of Grammatical Terms and Usage 

Index 

Credits    

Revision Guide 

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