9780072558067

This compact edition of Robert DiYanni's presentation of the three genres of literature offers the refreshing New Voices of authors whose writing has never before appeared in an introductory text, in addition to classic works, eight Authors in Context, and a transformed Transformations chapter.

* signifies new work or section
INTRODUCTION
READING (AND WRITING ABOUT) LITERATURE
Reading Literature
The Pleasures of Fiction
The Dog and the Shadow
Learning to Be Silent
Reading the Parable in Context
The Pleasures of Poetry
Robert Frost, Dust of Snow*
Reading Frost's Poem in Context
The Pleasures of Drama
Reading a Play in Context
Understanding Literature:
Experience
Interpretation
Evaluation
Reading in Context
Writing About Literature
Reasons for Writing About Literature
Ways of Writing About Literature
Writing the Paper
Stephen Crane, War Is Kind
PART ONE: FICTION
CHAPTER 1: READING STORIES
Luke: The Prodigal Son
The Experience of Fiction
The Interpretation of Fiction
The Evaluation of Fiction
Reading in Context
John Updike A&P*
The Act of Reading Fiction
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour
CHAPTER 2: TYPES OF SHORT FICTION
Early Forms: Parable, Fable, and Tale
Aesop, The Wolf and the Mastiff
Petronius, The Widow of Ephesus
The Short Story
The Nonrealistic Story
The Short Novel
CHAPTER 3: THE ELEMENTS OF FICTION
Plot and Structure
Frank O'Connor, Guests of the Nation
Character
Kay Boyle, Astronomer's Wife
Setting
Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh
Point of View
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily
Language and Style
James Joyce, Araby
Theme
Eudora Welty, A Worn Path
Irony and Symbol
D.H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner
CHAPTER 4: WRITING ABOUT FICTION
Reasons for Writing About Fiction
Informal Ways of Writing About Fiction
Annotation
Katherine Anne Porter, Magic
Freewriting
Formal Ways of Writing About Fiction
Student Papers on Fiction
Questions for Writing about Fiction
Suggestions for Writing
CHAPTER 5: THREE FICTION WRITERS IN CONTEXT
Reading Edgar Allan Poe and Flannery O'Connor
Questions for In-Depth Reading
Edgar Allan Poe in Context
Poe and Journalism
Poe and the Horror Story
Poe and the Detective Story
The Dimension of Style
Edgar Allan Poe: Stories
The Black Cat
The Cask of Amontillado
The Fall of the House of Usher
The Purloined Letter
Writer Inspired by Edgar Allan Poe
Joyce Carol Oates, Artist
Edgar Allan Poe: Essays
Critics on Poe
Flannery O'Connor in Context
Southern Gothics
The Catholic Dimension
O'Connor's Irony
Flannery O'Connor: Stories
Good Country People*
A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Everything That Rises Must Converge
The Life You Save May Be Your Own
Writer Inspired by Flannery O'Connor
Mary Hood, How Far She Went
Flannery O'Connor: Essays and Letters
Critics on O'Connor
CHAPTER 6: A COLLECTION OF SHORT FICTION
Sherman Alexis, Indian Education
Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings*
Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson*
Charles Baxter, Gryphon*
Jorge Luis Borges, The Garden of Forking Paths
TRANSLATED BY DONALD YATES
Raymond Carver, Cathedral
Anton Chekhov, The Kiss
TRANSLATED BY CONSTANCE GARNETT
Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal
F. Scott Fitzgerald, Winter Dreams
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
TRANSLATED BY GREGORY RABASSA
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown
Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants
Ha Jin, Taking a Husband
James Joyce, The Boarding House
Jamaica Kincaid, Girl
Alistair MacLeod, There is a Season
Lorrie Moore, Community Life
Alice Munro, Friend of My Youth
Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried
Frank O'Connor, My Oedipus Complex
Tilie Olson, I Stand Here Ironing
Carol Shields, Dressing for the Carnival*
Leslie Marmon Silko, Yellow Woman
Amy Tan, Rules of the Game
Alice Walker, Everyday Use
Eudora Welty, Why I live at the P.O.
New Voices
Maile Meloy, Ranch Girl
Timothy A. Westmoreland, Darkening of the World
Literature in the News
Catcher in the Rye
Bad Writing
Oprah's Book Club
The Best Book in the World
PART TWO: POETRY
CHAPTER 7: READING POEMS
The Experience of Poetry
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Reading in Context
The Interpretation of Poetry
Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Reading in Context
The Evaluation of Poetry
Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
The Act of Reading Poetry
Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz
CHAPTER 8: TYPES OF POETRY
Narrative Poetry
Lyric Poetry
CHAPTER 9: ELEMENTS OF POETRY
Voice: Speaker and Tone
Stephen Crane, War Is Kind
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess
Muriel Stuart, In the Orchard
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Thou art indeed just, Lord
Anonymous, Western Wind
Henry Reed, Naming of Parts
Jacques Prevert, Family Portrait
Diction
William Wordsworth, I wandered lonely as a cloud
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy
William Wordsworth, It is a beauteous evening
Robert Herrick, Delight in Disorder
Adrienne Rich, Rape
Imagery
Elizabeth Bishop, First Death in Nova Scotia
William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Robert Browning, Meeting at Night
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle), Heat
Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones
Figures of Speech: Simile and Metaphor
William Shakespeare, That time of year thou may'st in me behold
John Donne, Hymn to God the Father
Robert Wallace, The Double-Play
Louis Simpson, The Battle
Judith Wright, Woman to Child
Symbolism and Allegory
Peter Meinke, Advice to My Son
Christina Rossetti, Up-Hill
William Blake, A Poison Tree
Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken
George Herbert, Virtue
Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death
Syntax
John Donne, The Sun Rising
Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed
William Butler Yeats, An Irish Airman Foresees His Death
Robert Frost, The Silken Tent
E. E. Cummings, Me up at does
Stevie Smith, Mother Among the Dustbins
Sound: Rhyme, Alliteration, Assonance
Gerard Manley Hopkins, In the Valley of the Elwy
Thomas Hardy, During Wind and Rain
Alexander Pope, Sound and Sense
Bob McKenty, Adam's Song
May Swenson, The Universe
Helen Chasin, The Word Plum
Rhythm and Meter
Robert Frost, The Span of Life
George Gordon, Lord Byron The Destruction of Sennacherib
Anne Sexton, Her Kind
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow
Structure: Closed Form and Open Form
John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman's Homer
Walt Whitman, When I heard the learn'd astronomer
E. E. Cummings, el(a
E. E. Cummings, [Buffalo Bill's]
William Carlos Williams, The Dance
Denise Levertov, O Taste and See
Theodore Roethke, The Waking
C. P. Cavafy, The City
TRANSLATED BY EDMUND KEELEY AND PHILIP SHERRARD
Theme
Emily Dickinson, Crumbling is not an instant's Act
CHAPTER 10: TRANSFORMATIONS
Revisions
William Blake, London
William Butler Yeats, A Dream of Death
Emily Dickinson, The Wind begun to knead (rock) theGrass
D. H. Lawrence, Piano
Parodies
William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say
Kenneth Koch, Variations on a Theme by William Carlos Williams
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Carrion Comfort
Gary Layne Hatch, Terrier Torment; or, Mr.Hopkins and His Dog
William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer's day
Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day
Robert Frost, Dust of Snow
Bob McKenty, Snow on Frost
Poems and Paintings
Vincent Van Gogh, The Starry Night
Anne Sexton, The Starry Night
Francesco de Goya, The Third of May, 1808
David Gewanter Goya's The Third of May, 1808
Pieter Breughel the Elder, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts
William Carlos Williams, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
Pieter Breughel the Elder, Hunters in the Snow
Joseph Langland, Hunters in the Snow
William Blake, The Sick Rose (watercolor)
William Blake, The Sick Rose (poem)
Cathy Song, Girl Powdering Her Neck*
Kitagawa Utamaro, Girl Powdering Her Neck*
Henri Matisse, Dance
Natalie Safir, Matisse's Dance
Johannes Vermeer, Young Woman with a Water Jug
Stephen Mitchell, Vermeer
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase
X.J. Kennedy, Nude Descending a Staircase
Gustav Klimt, The Kiss
Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Short Story on a Painting of Gustav Klimt
Romare Bearden, After Five O'Clock
Federico Garcia Lorca, Lament for Ignacio Sanches Mejias (Part 2)
John Everett Milais, Ophelia*
E.J. Bellocq, Ophelia*
Lun-Yi Tsai, Disbelief*
Lucille Clifton, Tuesday 9/11/01*
CHAPTER 11: WRITING ABOUT POETRY
Reasons for Writing About Poetry
Informal Ways of Writing About Poetry
Annotation
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Freewriting
Robert Graves, Symptoms of Love
Formal Ways of Writing About Poetry
Sylvia Plath, Mirror
Student Papers of Poetry
Questions for Writing about Poetry
Suggestions for Writing
CHAPTER 12: THREE POETS IN CONTEXT
Reading Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, and Langston Hughes in Depth
Questions for In-Depth Reading
Emily Dickinson in Context
The Nineteenth-Century New England Literary Scene
Dickinson and Modern Poetry
Dickinson and Christianity
Dickinson's Style
Emily Dickinson: Poems
Emily Dickinson, I cannot dance upon my Toes
Emily Dickinson, The Soul selects her own Society
199 I'm "wife"--I've finished that
214 I taste a liquor never brewed
241 I like a look of Agony
249 Wild Nights--Wild Nights!
258 There's a certain Slant of light
280 I felt a Funeral, in my Brain
328 Some keep the Sabbath going to Church
341 After great pain, a formal feeling comes
348 I dreaded that first Robin, so
419 We grow accustomed to the Dark
435 Much Madness is divinest Sense
449 I died for Beauty--but was scarce
465 I heard a Fly buzz--when I died
536 The Heart asks Pleasure--first
585 I like to see it lap the Miles
599 There is a pain--so utter
632 The brain is wider than the sky
650 Pain--has an element of Blank
675 Essentials Oils--are wrung--
744 Remorse--is Memory--awake
754 My Life had stood--a Loaded Gun
986 A narrow Fellow in the Grass
1068 Further in Summer than the Birds
1078 The Bustle in a House
1100 The last Night that She lived
1129 Tell all the Truth but tell it slant
1463 A Route of Evanescence
1624 Apparently with no surprise
1732 My life closed twice before its close
Poets Inspired by Dickinson
Jane Kenyon, Notes from the Other Side
Jane Hirshfield, Three Times My Life Has Opened*
Billy Collins, Taking Off Emily Dickinson's Clothes*
Linda Pastan, Emily Dickinson*
Kay Ryan, Crash*
Dickinson on Herself and her First Poems
Critics on Dickinson
Robert Frost in Context
Frost and Popularity
Frost and Nature
Frost and the Sonnet
Frost's Voices
Robert Frost: Poems
Mowing*
The Tuft of Flowers
Mending Wall
Birches
Home Burial
Hyla Brook
Putting in the Seed
Fire and Ice
For Once, Then Something
Two Look at Two
Once by the Pacific
Acquainted with the Night
Tree at my Window
Departmental
Desert Places
Design
Provide, Provide
The Most of It
Poets Inspired Frost
Edward Thomas, When First
W.S. Merwin, Unknown Bird
Seamus Heaney, The Forge
Neal Bowers, Driving Lessons
Critical Comments by Frost
Critics on Frost
Langston Hughes in Context
The Harlem Renaissance
Hughes on Music
Hughes's Influences
Hughes's Style
Langston Hughes: Poems
Dream Deferred
Same in Blues
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Mother to Son
I, Too
My People
The Weary Blues
Young Gal’s Blues
Morning After
Trumpet Player
Dream Boogie
Madam and the Rent Man
Theme for English #B
Aunt Sue’s Stories
Let America Be America Again
Poets Inspired by Huges
Rita Dove, Testimonial*
Michael Harper, Martin's BluesThe Ballad of Birmingham
Kevin Young, Langston Hughes
Hughes on Harlem, the Blues
Critics on Hughes
CHAPTER 13: A COLLECTION OF POEMS
A Selection of Classic Poems
Anonymous, Barbara Allan
Anonymous, Edward, Edward
William Blake, The Clod & the Pebble
William Blake, The Lamb
William Blake, The Tyger
William Blake, The Garden of Love
Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How do I Love Thee?
Robert Burns, a Red, Red Rose
Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky
Samule Taylor Coleridge, Kuba Khan
John Donne, Song
John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidden Mourning
John Donne, The Flea
John Donnne, Death, be not proud
John Donne, Batter my heart
George Gordon, Lord Byron, She Walks in Beauty
Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid
Thomas Hardy, Afterwards
George Herbert, The Altar
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes
Robert Herrick, To the virgins, to make much of time
Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur
Gerard Manely Hopkins, The Windhover
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall: To a Young Child
A. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twenty
A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young
Ben Jonson, On My First Son
Ben Jonson, Song: To Celia
John Keats, When I have fears that I may cease to be
John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci
John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale
John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn
Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress
John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent
John Milton, On the Late Massacre in Piedmont
Edgar Allan Poe, To Helen
Edgar Allan Poe, The Raven
Alexander Pope, from An Essay on Man
William Shakespeare, When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes
William Shakespeare, Let me not to the marriage of true minds
William Shakespeare, Th' expense of spirit in a waste of shame
William Shakespeare, My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias
Edmund Spenser, One day I wrote her name upon the strand
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle
Walt Whitman, One's Self I Sing
Walt Whitman, A noiseless patient spider
William Wordsworth, The worldis too much with us
William Wordworth, The Solitary Reaper
Thomas Wyatt, They flee from me
A Selection of Modern Poems
W.H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen
W.H. Auden, In Memory of W.B. Yeats
W.H. Auden, Funeral Blues
W.H. Auden, September 1, 1939
Gwendolyn Brooks, We real cool
Gwendolyn Brooks, First fight. Then fiddle.
Gwendolyn Brooks, Song in the Front Yard
Countee Cullen, Incident
e.e. cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town
e.e. cummings, I thank You God for this most amazing
Paul Laurence Dunbar, We wear the mask
T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Philip Larkin, A Study of Reading Habits
D.H. Lawrence, Hummingbird
D.H. Lawrence, Snake
Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica
Claude McKay, The Tropics in New York
Marianne Moore, Poetry
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est
Sylvia Plath, Blackberrying
Sylvia Plath, Metaphors
Sylvia Plath, Morning Song
Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter
Ezra Pound, The Garden
John Crowe Ransom, Piazza Piece
Theodore Roethke, Elegy for Jane
Siegfried Sassoon, They
Anne Sexton, Two Hands
William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark
Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird
Mary Swenson, Women
Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night
Jean Toomer, Reapers
William Carlos Williams, Spring and All
William Carlos Williams, Dance Russe
Richard Wilbur, The Death of a Toad
James Wright, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota
James Wright, A Blessing
William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming
William Butler Yeats, The Wild Swans at Coole
William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan
William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium
William Butler Yeats, When You Are Old
A Selection of Contemporary Poems
Diane Ackerman, Spiders*
Sherman Alexie, Indian Love Songs 1 and 2*
Margaret Atwood, This is a Photograph of Me
Jimmy Santiago Baca, from Meditations on the South Valley XVII
Edward Kamau Brathwaite, Ogun
Raymond Carver, Photograph of My Father in his Twenty-Second Year
Lucille Clifton, Homage to My Hips
Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Game
Billy Collins, Introduction to Poetry
Billy Collins, The History Lesson
Billy Collins, Your Number
Wendy Cope, The Ted Williams Villanelle
Gregory Corso, Marriage
Mark Doty, Golden Retrievals
Rita Dove, Canary
Louise Erdrich, Indian Boarding School: The Runaways
Nikki Giovanni, Ego Tripping
Nikki Giovanni, Nikki Rosa
Donald Hall, My son, my executioner
Robert Hass, Meditation at Lagunitas
Seamus Heaney, Digging
Seamus Heaney, Mid-Term Break
Michael Hogan, Kickoff
Aron Keesbury, To Waist
Jane Kenyon, Peonies at Dusk
Jane Kenyon, Otherwise
Jane Kenyon, Let Evening Come
Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It
Michael Longley, The Butchers
Audre Lorde, Hanging Fire
Paul Muldoon, Lag
Sharon Olds, Size and Sheer Will
Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage
Sharon Olds, 35/10
Linda Pastan, Ethics
Alberto Rios, A Dream of Husbands
Kraft Rompf, Waiting Table
Gertrude Schnackenberg, Signs
Cathy Song, Lost Sister
Gary Soto, Behind Grandma's House
Krishna Tateneni, Blindness
Baron Wormser, Friday Night
Poetry of the World
Yehuda Amichai (Israel), A Pity. We Were Such a Good Invention (Translated by Assia Gutmann)
Cairil Anwar (Indonesia), At the Mosque* (Translated by Burton Rafael)
Matshuo Basho (Japan), Three Haiku* (Translated by Robert Hass)
Rosario Castellanos (Mexico), Chess (Translated by Maureen Ahern)
Bei Dao (China), Declaration* (Translated by Bonnie McDougall)
Zbigniew Herbert (Poland), Pebble* (Translated by Czeslaw Milosz and Peter Dale Scott)
Osip Mandelstam (Russia), The Stalin Epigram (Translated by Clarence Brown and W.S. Merwin)
Czeslaw Milosz (Poland), A Song on the End of the World (Translated by Anthony Milosz)
Pablo Neruda (Chile), Ode to My Socks (Translated by Robert Bly)
Boris Pasternak (Russia), Hamlet (Translated by John Stallworthy and Peter France)
A.K. Ramanujan (India), Pleasure*
Wole Soyinka (Nigeria), Hamlet*
Derek Walcott (Caribbean), Sea Grapes*
New Voices
Kay Ryan
**Mockingbird*
**Your Face Will Stick*
**Blandeur*
**All Shall Be Restored*
*Simon Armitage
**Poem*
**Zoom*
**Drawing the Arctic Circle*
**On and Owd Piktcha*
Literature in the News
Billy Collins, The Bard of Simple Things
Celebrating Poetry: National Poetry Day/Month
September 11th: American Poets Respond
PART THREE: DRAMA
CHAPTER 14: READING PLAYS
The Experience of Drama
Isabella Augusta Persse, Lady Gregory
The Rising of the Moon
The Interpretation of Drama
The Evaluation of Drama
CHAPTER 15: TYPES OF DRAMA
Tragedy
Comedy
CHAPTER 16: ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
Plot
Character
Dialogue
Subtext
Staging
Theme
CHAPTER 17: WRITING ABOUT DRAMA
Reasons for Writing about Drama
Informal Ways of Writing About Drama
Annotation
Double-Column Notebook
Formal Ways of Writing About Drama
Student Papers on Drama
Questions for Writing About Drama
Questions for In-Depth Reading
Suggestions for Writing
CHAPTER 18: THE GREEK THEATER: SOPHOCLES
Reading Sophocles in Context
Athens in the Golden Age
Greek Tragedy
Sophocles and His Works
Oedipus the King
Sophocles, Oedipus Rex (Translated by Fitts and Fitzgerald)
Critics on Sophocles
CHAPTER 19: THE ELIZABETHAN THEATER: SHAKESPEARE
Reading Shakespeare in Context
London in the Age of Elizabeth
The Arts in the Age of Elizabeth
Stagecraft in the Elizabethan Age
Shakespeare and His Works
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Othello*
William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Critics on Shakespeare
CHAPTER 20: THE MODERN REALISTIC THEATER: IBSEN
Reading Ibsen in Context
Realism
Ibsen, Exile, and Change
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House Translated bt Rolf Fjelde
CHAPTER 21: A COLLECTION OF MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PLAYS
Anton Chekhov, A Marriage Proposal*
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun
Eugene Ionesco, The Gap
Terrence McNally, Andre's Mother
Wendy Wasserstein, Tender Offer
Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest
August Wilson, Fences
New Voices
Mary Gallagher
**Brother*
*Warren Leight
**The Final Interrogation of Ceausescu's Dog*
Elizabeth Wong
**Letters to a Student Revolutionary*
PART FOUR: RESEARCH AND CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES
CHAPTER 22: WRITING WITH SOURCES
Why Do Research About Literature
Clarifying the Assignment
Selecting a Topic
Finding and Using Sources
Using Computerized Databases
Using the Internet for Research
Developing a Critical Perspective
Developing a Thesis
Drafting and Revising
Conventions
Documenting Sources
Documenting Electronic Sources
Alternative Documentation Style: Endnotes and Footnotes
A Student Essay Using One Source as a Stimulus
Sample Research Papers
CHAPTER 23: CRITICAL THEORY: APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF LITERATURE
Reading for Analysis
William Carlos Williams, The Use of Force (story)
Emily Dickinson, I'm "wife"- I've finished that (poem)
The Canon and the Curriculum
Formalist Perspectives
Biographical Perspectives
Historical Perspectives
Psychological Perspectives
Feminist and Marxist Perspectives
Reader-Response Perspectives
Mythological Perspectives
Structuralist Perspectives
Deconstructive Perspectives
Cultural Studies Perspectives
Using Critical Perspectives as Heuristics
Appendix: Poets' Lives
Glossary
Index

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Literature : Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama: Compact Edition

Literature : Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama: Compact Edition

0072558067

Summary

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

READING (AND WRITING ABOUT) LITERATURE

Reading Literature

The Pleasures of Fiction

The Dog and the Shadow

Learning to Be Silent

*Reading the Parable in Context

The Pleasures of Poetry

Robert Frost, Dust of Snow

*Reading Frost's Poem in Context

The Pleasures of Drama

*Reading a Play in Context

Understanding Literature:

*Experience

*Interpretation

*Evaluation

*Reading in Context

Writing About Literature

Reasons for Writing About Literature

Ways of Writing About Literature

Writing the Paper

Stephen Crane, War Is Kind

PART ONE: FICTION

CHAPTER 1: READING STORIES

Luke: The Prodigal Son

The Experience of Fiction

The Interpretation of Fiction

The Evaluation of Fiction

*Reading in Context

John Updike A&P

The Act of Reading Fiction

Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour

CHAPTER 2: TYPES OF SHORT FICTION

Early Forms: Parable, Fable, and Tale

Aesop, The Wolf and the Mastiff

Petronius, The Widow of Ephesus

The Short Story

The Nonrealistic Story

The Short Novel

CHAPTER 3: THE ELEMENTS OF FICTION

Plot and Structure

Frank O'Connor, Guests of the Nation

Character

Kay Boyle, Astronomer's Wife

Setting

Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh

Point of View

William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily

Language and Style

James Joyce, Araby

Theme

Eudora Welty, A Worn Path

Irony and Symbol

D.H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner

CHAPTER 4: WRITING ABOUT FICTION

Reasons for Writing About Fiction

Informal Ways of Writing About Fiction

Annotation

Katherine Anne Porter, Magic

Freewriting

Formal Ways of Writing About Fiction

Student Papers on Fiction

Questions for Writing about Fiction

Suggestions for Writing

CHAPTER 5: THREE FICTION WRITERS IN CONTEXT

Reading Edgar Allan Poe and Flannery O'Connor

Questions for In-Depth Reading

*Edgar Allan Poe in Context

*Poe and Journalism

*Poe and the Horror Story

*Poe and the Detective Story

*The Dimension of Style

*Edgar Allan Poe: Stories

Joyce Carol Oates, Artist*

Sherman Alexis, Indian Education*

Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings*

Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson*

Charles Baxter, Gryphon*

F. Scott Fitzgerald, Winter Dreams*

Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants*

Ha Jin, Taking a Husband*

Alistair MacLeod, There is a Season*

Lorrie Moore, Community Life*

Alice Munro, Friend of My Youth*

Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried*

Frank O'Connor, My Oedipus Complex*

Carol Shields, Dressing for the Carnival*