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Learning the Art of Helping: Building Blocks and Techniques

ISBN: 9780138342685 | 0138342687
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference
Pub. Date: 12/1/1997

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Table of Contents
1 Helping as a Personal Journey
1(16)
Darcy Granello
Mark Young
... MORE
Introduction
2(2)
How a Helper Develops: Perry's Stages
4(3)
The Dualistic or "Right/Wrong" Stage
5(1)
The Multiplistic Stage
5(1)
The Relativistic Stage
6(1)
The Challenge of Development
7(2)
Taking Responsibility for Your Own Learning
7(1)
Finding a Mentor
7(1)
Seeking the Perfect Technique
8(1)
Finding Yourself in Limbo
8(1)
Accepting Feedback and Being Perfect
8(1)
Other Challenges
9(1)
The Perfect Helper
9(5)
When Do I Quit Developing?
9(1)
Who Can Be an Effective Helper?
10(2)
What Can You Offer a Client?
12(2)
Summary
14(1)
Exercises
15(1)
Homework
15(1)
References
15(2)
2 The Nuts and Bolts of Helping
17(20)
Introduction
18(1)
Defining Some Important Terms
18(6)
What Is Helping?
18(1)
Is Interviewing Helping?
18(1)
What Are Counseling and Psychotherapy?
19(1)
How Is Professional Helping Different from Friendship?
20(1)
What Can You Expect from a Helping Relationship?
21(3)
What Makes Helping Work?
24(4)
Therapeutic Factors
24(1)
Learning to Help
25(1)
Therapeutic Building Blocks
25(3)
Stages of the Helping Process: A Road Map
28(5)
Relationship Building: The Heart of Helping
28(1)
Assessment
29(1)
Goal Setting
30(1)
Intervention and Action
31(1)
Evaluation
32(1)
Summary
33(1)
Exercises
34(1)
Homework
35(1)
References
35(2)
3 Invitational Skills
37(17)
Introduction
38(1)
Listening to the Client's Story
38(1)
Nonverbal Skills: Sending the Right Message as a Helper
38(6)
Nonverbal Skills in the Helping Relationship
40(1)
Eye Contact
40(1)
Body Position
40(1)
Attentive Silence
41(1)
Voice Tone
41(1)
Gestures and Facial Expressions
41(1)
Physical Distance
42(1)
Touching
42(2)
Opening Skills: Inviting Client Self-Disclosure
44(4)
Door Openers
44(1)
Minimal Encouragers
45(1)
Questions
45(3)
Summary
48(1)
Group Exercises
48(3)
Additional Exercises
51(1)
Homework
52(1)
References
53(1)
4 Reflecting Skills
54(20)
Introduction
55(1)
Reflecting Content and Reflecting Feelings
56(1)
The Skill of Paraphrasing: Reflecting Content
57(3)
How to Paraphrase
57(1)
When to Paraphrase
58(2)
The Skill of Reflecting Feelings
60(5)
Why It Is Difficult to Reflect Feelings
61(1)
How to Reflect Feelings
61(1)
Improving Your Feeling Vocabulary
62(3)
Common Problems in Reflecting Feelings
65(5)
Waiting Too Long to Reflect
66(1)
Being Judgmental and Taking Sides
66(1)
Turning the Reflection into a Question
66(1)
Combining a Reflection and an Open Question
67(1)
Focusing on the Wrong Person
67(1)
Letting the Client Ramble
68(1)
Using the Word Feel Instead of Think
68(1)
Undershooting and Overshooting
68(1)
Parrotting
69(1)
Letting Your Reflections Go On and On
69(1)
Summary
70(1)
Group Exercises
70(2)
Additional Exercises
72(1)
Homework
73(1)
References
73(1)
5 Advanced Reflecting Skills
74(25)
Introduction
75(1)
Advanced Reflecting Skills: Understanding the Client's World View
75(9)
Challenging the Client to Go Deeper: The Inner-Circle Strategy
78(1)
Helping Clients Understand Meaning in Their Statements
79(1)
World View and Values: The Source of Meaning
80(1)
Helping a Client Whose World View Is Different from the Helper's
81(2)
Changing a Client's World View
83(1)
Uncovering Meaning
84(2)
Using Open Questions to Uncover Meaning
84(1)
How to Reflect Meaning
84(2)
Summarizing
86(3)
Focusing Summaries
86(1)
Signal Summaries
87(1)
Thematic Summaries
87(1)
Planning Summaries
88(1)
The Nonjudgmental Listening Cycle
89(3)
When Do You Use Each Skill?
89(1)
Why Is the Cycle Described as Nonjudgmental?
90(2)
Summary
92(1)
Group Exercises
93(1)
Additional Exercises
94(1)
Homework
95(2)
References
97(2)
6 Challenging Skills
99(20)
Introduction
100(1)
Giving Feedback
101(2)
Why Is Feedback Important?
101(1)
The Johari Window
101(2)
How to Give Feedback
103(2)
Confrontation
105(3)
Why Should Inconsistencies Be Confronted?
105(1)
Cognitive Dissonance and Confrontation: Why Confrontation Works
106(1)
Types of Discrepancies
106(2)
How to Confront
108(2)
Evaluating Confrontation
110(4)
The Helper Confrontation Scale
110(1)
The Client Acceptance Scale
111(1)
Shock Confrontation
112(1)
Problems and Precautions
113(1)
Summary
114(1)
Group Exercises
114(2)
Additional Exercises
116(1)
Homework
117(1)
References
117(2)
7 Goal-Setting Skills
119(16)
Introduction
120(1)
Who Owns the Problem? Focusing on the Client
121(2)
How to Focus on the Client
122(1)
Goal Setting: An Overview
123(5)
How Will We Know When We Are Finished?
124(1)
Why Must We Narrow Down the Issues to Specific Goals?
124(1)
What Are the Characteristics of Constructive Goals?
125(3)
Boiling Down the Problem
128(3)
Summary
131(1)
Group Exercise
131(1)
Additional Exercises
132(1)
Homework
133(1)
References
133(2)
8 Solution Skills
135(16)
Introduction
136(1)
Giving Advice, Information, and Directives
136(4)
Giving Advice
136(1)
Why Are Professional Helpers Reluctant to Give Advice?
136(1)
When Is It Appropriate and Inappropriate to Give Advice?
137(2)
Giving Information
139(1)
Giving Directives
140(1)
Helping and Creativity
140(2)
What Is Brainstorming?
142(3)
How to Brainstorm
143(2)
The Skill of Alternate Interpretation
145(3)
How to Teach a Client to Use Alternate Interpretation
146(2)
Summary
148(1)
Group Exercise
148(1)
Additional Exercises
149(1)
Homework
149(1)
References
150(1)
9 The Relationship as a Therapeutic Factor
151(27)
Introduction
152(1)
Treatment Planning and the REPLAN System
152(3)
The Therapeutic Relationship as a Curative Factor
155(9)
Relationship Enhancers
156(4)
Therapeutic Faux Pas
160(4)
Challenges in Developing the Client/Helper Relationship
164(3)
Transference: Dealing with the Client's Feelings
164(1)
Causes of Transference
165(1)
Why Must Transference Be Addressed?
165(1)
When Must Transference Be Treated?
166(1)
The Technique of Dealing with Transference
167(3)
How to Deal with Hostility as Transference
167(2)
Countertransference: Dealing with the Helper's Feelings
169(1)
The Technique of Immediacy
170(2)
Summary
172(1)
Group Exercises
172(2)
Additional Exercises
174(1)
Homework
175(1)
References
175(3)
10 Enhancing Efficacy and Self-Esteem
178(25)
Introduction
179(2)
Sources of Low Self-Esteem
181(3)
Drivers
181(1)
Irrational Beliefs
181(2)
Body Image
183(1)
Defense Mechanisms: Guardians of Self-Esteem
184(2)
Helping Clients Recognize Defense Mechanisms
184(1)
Other Self-Protective Strategies
185(1)
Methods for Developing Self-Esteem
186(3)
Silencing the Internal Critic: The Technique of Countering
186(1)
How to Counter
186(2)
Problems and Precautions When Teaching Countering
188(1)
A Variation on Countering: Thought Stopping
189(1)
Assertiveness Training
189(1)
Assertive Verbal Behaviors
190(1)
Assertive Nonverbal Behaviors
191(1)
Responding to Criticism: Helpful and Unhelpful Reactions
191
How to Teach a Client to Be More Assertive
190(8)
Problems and Precautions of Assertiveness Training
196(1)
Other Methods for Assertiveness Training
197(1)
Summary
198(1)
Group Exercises
198(2)
Additional Exercises
200(1)
Homework
200(1)
References
201(2)
11 Practicing New Behaviors
203(17)
Introduction
204(1)
Imagery
205(4)
How to Conduct Imaginal Rehearsal
207(1)
Problems and Precautions with Imaginal Rehearsal
208(1)
Role Playing
209(2)
How to Conduct Role Playing as a Method for Rehearsal or Practice
209(2)
Homework
211(5)
Reasons for Using Homework
212(1)
Examples of Homework Assignments
212(2)
Problems and Precautions of Homework Assignments
214(2)
Summary
216(1)
Group Exercises
216(1)
Homework
217(1)
References
218(2)
12 Lowering and Raising Emotional Arousal
220(21)
Introduction
221(1)
Reducing Emotional Arousal
222(6)
Relaxation Training
222(1)
The Technique of Deep Muscle Relaxation
223(4)
Meditation
227(1)
Raising Emotional Arousal
228(3)
Arousal and Expression
229(1)
Why Do Emotional Arousal and Expression Stimulate Change?
229(2)
Techniques that Stimulate Emotional Arousal and Expression
231(2)
Stimulus Techniques
231(1)
Creative Arts
231(1)
Psychodrama
232(1)
The Technique of Increasing Emotional Awareness
233(3)
Summary
236(1)
Group Exercises
236(2)
Homework
238(1)
References
238(3)
13 Activating Client Expectations, Hope and Motivation
241(30)
Introduction
242(1)
The Demoralization Hypothesis
242(1)
Encouragement
243(5)
Who Benefits Most from Encouragement?
244(1)
Types of Encouraging Responses
245(3)
How to Encourage
248(2)
What Is Resistance?
250(4)
Traditional Definitions
250(1)
Do Clients Want to Change?
250(2)
What Does Resistance Look Like?
252(1)
What Causes Resistance?
252(2)
How to Deal with Resistance
254(29)
Preventing Resistance
254(1)
Identifying Levels of Motivation
254(2)
De Shazer's Model
256(1)
Tipping the Balance
256(4)
Confronting Resistance Directly
260(1)
The Technique of Traveling with the Resistance
261(1)
How to Travel with the Resistance
262(21)
Summary
283
Group Exercise
263(1)
Additional Exercises
264(2)
Homework
266(1)
References
267(4)
14 New Learning Experiences and Termination
271(22)
Introduction
271(1)
Definitions of New Learning
272(2)
What Client Problems Are Helped Through New Learning?
273(1)
Resistance to New Learning
273(1)
Common Methods Helpers Use to Provide New Learning Experiences for Clients
274(5)
Interpretation
274(2)
Modeling as New Learning
276(1)
Using Metaphors and Stories
277(1)
Exposure to Avoided Stimuli
278(1)
Humor
278(1)
Linguistic Changes
278(1)
Direct Instruction
278(1)
The Technique of Reframing
279(5)
How to Reframe
281(1)
Problems and Precautions of Reframing
282(1)
Variations on Reframing: Cognitive Restructuring
282(2)
Some Thoughts on Termination
284(4)
How to Tell Whether Termination Is Needed
284(1)
How to Prepare the Client for Termination
285(1)
How to Explore and Ease Feelings of Loss
286(1)
How to Maintain Therapeutic Gains and Prevent Relapse Following Termination
287(1)
Summary
288(1)
Group Exercise
288(1)
Additional Exercises
289(1)
Homework
290(1)
References
291(2)
Index293

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