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| Preface | p. ix |
| Introducing Linguistic Anthropology | p. 1 |
| Why Should We Study Language? Language in Daily Life | p. 1 |
| Modern Myths Concerning Languages | p. 3 |
| Brief History of Anthropology | p. 9 |
| Anthropology, Linguistics, and Linguistic Anthropology | p. 13 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 15 |
| Methods of Linguistic Anthropology | p. 17 |
| Contrasting Ling... MORE | p. 17 |
| The Fieldwork Component | p. 19 |
| A Checklist for Research in the Field | p. 27 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 30 |
| Language Is Sound: Phonology | p. 31 |
| The Anatomy and Physiology of Speech | p. 33 |
| Articulation of Speech Sounds | p. 36 |
| From Phones to Phonemes | p. 41 |
| Phonemes of English | p. 45 |
| Prosodic Features | p. 47 |
| Etics and Ernics | p. 49 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 52 |
| Structure of Words and Sentences | p. 53 |
| Morphemes and Allomorphs | p. 54 |
| Morphological Processes | p. 58 |
| Morphophonemics | p. 61 |
| The Sentence as a Unit of Analysis | p. 63 |
| Inflections and Word Order | p. 66 |
| Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar | p. 67 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 70 |
| Nonverbal Communication | p. 73 |
| Paralinguistics | p. 75 |
| Kinesics | p. 76 |
| Proxemios | p. 78 |
| Whistle "Languages," | p. 81 |
| Sign Languages | p. 82 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 86 |
| The Development and Evolution of Language | p. 87 |
| Communication and Its Channels | p. 87 |
| Communication Among Social Insects | p. 89 |
| Communication Among Nonhuman Primates and Other Vertebrates | p. 92 |
| When Does a Communication System Become Language? | p. 96 |
| Milestones in Human Evolution | p. 97 |
| Design Features of Language | p. 101 |
| Language as an Evolutionary Product | p. 105 |
| Monogenesis Versus Polygenesis | p. 108 |
| Estimating the Age of Language: Linguistic Considerations | p. 110 |
| Estimating the Age of Language: The View from Prehistory | p. 112 |
| Estimating the Age of Language: Evidence from Anatomy | p. 114 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 116 |
| Acquiring Language(s): Life with First Languages, Second Languages, and More | p. 119 |
| The First Steps of Language Acquisition in Childhood | p. 119 |
| Theories of Language Acquisition | p. 121 |
| Language and the Brain | p. 126 |
| Bilingual and Multilingual Brains | p. 128 |
| The Social Aspects of Multilingualism | p. 130 |
| Code-Switchingj Code-Mixing, and Diglossia | p. 135 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 137 |
| Language Through Time | p. 141 |
| How Languages Are Classified | p. 141 |
| Internal and External Changes | p. 145 |
| How and Why Sound Changes Occur | p. 148 |
| Reconstructing Frotolanguages | p. 151 |
| Reconstructing the Ancestral Homeland | p. 154 |
| Reconstructing a Protoculture | p. 158 |
| Trying to Date the Past: Glottochronology | p. 161 |
| Time Perspective in Culture | p. 164 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 166 |
| Languages in Variation and Languages in Contact | p. 169 |
| Idiolects | p. 169 |
| Dialects | p. 170 |
| Styles | p. 171 |
| Language Contact | p. 172 |
| Pidgins | p. 174 |
| From Pidgins to Creoles | p. 176 |
| Language Contact in the Contemporary World | p. 180 |
| The World of Languages | p. 182 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 184 |
| Ethnography of Communication | p. 185 |
| Speech Community and Related Concepts | p. 186 |
| Units of Speech Behavior | p. 188 |
| Components of Communication | p. 189 |
| Subanun Drinking Talk | p. 197 |
| Attitudes Toward the Use of Speech | p. 198 |
| Recent Trends in the Ethnography of Speaking | p. 202 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 203 |
| Culture as Cognition, Culture as Categorization: Meaning and Language in the Conceptual World | p. 205 |
| Concepts, Words, and Categories | p. 209 |
| The Lexical Nature of Concepts | p. 211 |
| The Rise and (Relative) Fall of Ethnoscience | p. 215 |
| Sound Symbolism and Synesthesia | p. 220 |
| Studies of Discourse | p. 222 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 224 |
| Language, Culture, and Thought | p. 225 |
| The Stimulus of Sapir's Writings | p. 226 |
| The Whorf Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity and Linguistic Determinism | p. 228 |
| Whorf s Hypothesis Reconsidered | p. 232 |
| Color Nomenclature and Other Challenges to Linguistic Relativity | p. 239 |
| Theoretical Alternatives to Linguistic Relativity | p. 247 |
| Future Tests of Linguistic Relativity and Linguistic Determinism | p. 251 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 254 |
| Language and Ideology: Variations in Class, Gender, Ethnicity, and Nationality | p. 257 |
| Language, Social Class, and Identity | p. 258 |
| Language and Gender | p. 261 |
| Language, "Race," and Ethnicity | p. 273 |
| Language and Nationality | p. 282 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 289 |
| Linguistic Anthropology in a Globalized World | p. 291 |
| Language Planning | p. 292 |
| Literacy, Writing, and Education | p. 294 |
| The Life and Death of Languages | p. 297 |
| Intercultural Communication and Translation | p. 302 |
| Language and the Law | p. 309 |
| English as an International Language | p. 314 |
| Always On: New Literacies and Language in an Online Global World | p. 315 |
| Ethical Questions and Standards of Conduct | p. 322 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 324 |
| Resource Manual and Study Guide | p. 327 |
| Answers to the Objective Study Questions and Problems | p. 371 |
| Glossary | p. 377 |
| Bibliography | p. 389 |
| Languages Mentioned in the Text and Their Locations (Map) | p. 419 |
| Index | p. 423 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |