Focusing on several recent, novel machine learning automatic algorithms, this reference provides the first source on the use of machine learning methods in designing computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. It proposes a framework for CAD problems, presents the technical issues involved when building classifiers, and provides the appropriate machine learning techniques to address these problems. The book also includes results and concrete examples for different diseases and imaging modalities. It provides a useful tool for researchers and students in the biomedical sciences and machine learning as well as for advanced courses on CAD and/or medical informatics.