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Juvenile Justice

ISBN: 9780314044549 | 031404454X
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 2/16/1995

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Table of Contents
Figures
xv
Tables
xvii
Casesxx
Acronymsxxii
Foreword... MORExxv
Acknowledgementsxxvii
Introductionxxviii
About the Authorsxxx
SECTION I The Evolution of the Juvenile Justice System1(106)
The Historical and Philosophical Roots of the Juvenile Justice System
2(34)
Introduction
4(1)
Social Control in Early Societies
4(3)
The Middle Ages
7(1)
The Feudal Period
8(1)
The Renaissance
9(2)
The Reform Movement
11(4)
The Development of Juvenile Justice in the United States
15(17)
Summary
32(4)
The Evolution of the Juvenile Justice System in the Twentieth Century
36(42)
Introduction
38(1)
The Progressive Era
38(6)
The New Deal Era
44(2)
The Great Society Era
46(10)
The 1970s
56(9)
The 1980s
65(7)
Still Evolving
72(2)
Summary
74(4)
Justice Through the Ages: Philosophical and Legislative Roots
78(29)
Introduction
80(1)
Two Competing World Views
80(3)
Sociological Perspective on Punishment
83(1)
Justice
84(2)
The Uniform Juvenile Court Act
86(15)
The Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems Compared
101(1)
Summary
101(6)
SECTION II Our Nation's Youth: A Challenge to the Justice System107(174)
Growth and Development: The First Eighteen Years
108(26)
Introduction
110(1)
Youth and Parens Patriae
110(1)
Child Development
111(9)
Children with Special Needs
120(3)
Children at Risk
123(2)
Adolescence
125(5)
Summary
130(4)
The Family and the School: Two Powerful Influences on Youths' Development
134(32)
Introduction
136(1)
The Importance of Family
136(2)
The Family as the First Teacher
138(1)
American Child-Rearing Rights and Practices
139(5)
Values
144(1)
The Disintegration of the Traditional Family
144(2)
The Role of the School
146(2)
How Schools Promote Failure
148(3)
The Link Between Delinquency and the Schools
151(1)
Problems Facing Schools
152(6)
In Defense of the Schools
158(1)
Hope for the Future
159(1)
Students' Rights within the School
159(3)
Summary
162(4)
Youth Who Are Victims
166(42)
Introduction
168(1)
Children and Youth as Victims of Crime
169(2)
Victims of Poverty
171(6)
Children Who Are Neglected
177(2)
Children Who Are Emotionally or Physically Abused
179(5)
Three Levels of Abuse
184(1)
Children Who Are Sexually Abused
185(1)
Violence
186(6)
Child Abuse and Neglect Laws
192(3)
Missing and Exploited Children
195(7)
Youths and Suicide
202(1)
Summary
203(5)
Youth Who Break the Law and Those Who Victimize
208(32)
Introduction
210(1)
Measuring the Amount of Juvenile Offenses Committed
210(2)
Status Offenders
212(2)
Juvenile Delinquents
214(3)
Profile of Delinquency
217(1)
Causes of Delinquency
218(10)
Violent Juvenile Offenders
228(4)
Conduct Disorder
232(2)
Psychopathic or Sociopathic Behavior
234(1)
The Public Health Model and the Law Enforcement Perspective
234(3)
Summary
237(3)
Youth Who Are Gang Members
240(41)
Introduction
242(1)
Definitions
242(2)
A Brief History
244(1)
Current Scope of the Gang Problem
244(3)
Causes of Gangs
247(2)
Types of Gangs
249(5)
Youth Gangs---An Overview
254(1)
Characteristics of Street Gangs
255(1)
Gang Structure
256(2)
Why Youths Join Gangs
258(3)
Gang Recruitment
261(1)
Outward Trappings oft he Gang
261(1)
Identifying Gang Members
261(1)
Gang Communication
262(6)
Gang Symbols
268(3)
Typical Gang Activity
271(1)
Indicators of Gang Activity
271(1)
Gangs' Influence on the Schools
272(1)
Narcotics and Gangs
273(2)
Gang Myths
275(1)
Summary
276(5)
SECTION III The Contemporary Juvenile Justice System281(178)
The Role of Law Enforcement
286(48)
Introduction
288(1)
Police Dispositions
288(2)
Police Discretion and the Initial Contact
290(4)
Objectives in Handling Juveniles
294(1)
Taken into Custody
294(3)
Detention
297(1)
Release vs. Detention
298(6)
Intake
304(1)
Prosecution
304(2)
Overrepresentation Issues
306(1)
Neglected and Abused Children
306(4)
Status Offenders
310(4)
Serious, Habitual Offenders
314(2)
Dealing with Gangs and Gang Members
316(3)
Prevention Strategies
319(9)
Coordination of Efforts
328(1)
Responding to a Changing Society
329(1)
Summary
329(5)
The Role of the Juvenile Court
334(40)
Introduction
336(1)
Basic Philocophy of Juvenile Court
336(1)
Jurisdiction of the Juvenile Court
337(4)
Types of Juvenile Courts
341(1)
Characteristics of the Juvenile Court
342(1)
The Adjudication Process
343(2)
The Intake Hearing
345(1)
The Three Phases Following Filing of a Petition
346(1)
Court Referees
347(1)
Disposition
348(2)
Juvenile Sentencing Laws
350(3)
Mechanical Jurisprudence
353(3)
Waiver and Certification
356(3)
Youth Who Come Before the Court
359(6)
The Current Dilemma of the Juvenile Court
365(2)
Criticism of the Juvenile Court
367(4)
Summary
371(3)
The Role of Corrections
374(58)
Introduction
376(1)
American Correctional Association Public Correctional Policy on Juvenile Corrections
376(1)
The Right to Treatment
377(2)
Probation
379(5)
Probation and Disposition
384(8)
Community-Based Corrections Programs
392(5)
Intermediate Sanctions
397(6)
Institutionalization
403(2)
Detention
405(3)
Current Detention Centers
408(2)
Training Schools
410(1)
Juveniles in Public Institutions
411(3)
Juveniles in Private Institutions
414(3)
Social Structure within Correctional Institutions
417(2)
The Impact of Incarceration
419(1)
Removing Juveniles from Adult Jails and Lockups
420(1)
Conditions of Confinement
420(1)
Parole
421(2)
Aftercare
423(3)
Importance of Juvenile Corrections Partnerships
426(1)
Summary
427(5)
The Role of the Broader Community
432(27)
Introduction
434(1)
Community Defined
435(3)
Community Policing
438(1)
The Role of Social Workers and Social Services
439(4)
The Role of the Schools
443(3)
The Role of Volunteers, Community Agencies and Businesses
446(3)
Community Involvement and Volunteers
449(3)
The Importance of Coordination
452(2)
Summary
454(5)
SECTION IV Theory into Practice in Juvenile Justice and a Look to the Future459(86)
Approaches to Prevention: Theory into Practice
462(32)
Introduction
464(1)
Classification of Prevention Approaches
465(3)
Which Youth to Target
468(1)
Prevention as an Attack on Causes
468(4)
Preserving Families to Prevent Delinquency
472(1)
Preventing Child Neglect and Abuse
473(3)
Programs in the Schools
476(2)
General Delinquency Prevention Programs
478(1)
Violence Prevention
479(1)
Drug Prevention Programs
480(5)
Comprehensive Programs
485(6)
Summary
491(3)
Approaches to Treatment: Theory into Practice
494(26)
Introduction
496(1)
Treatment as Tertiary Prevention
496(3)
Treatment Programs for Children and Juveniles Who Have Been Abused
499(3)
Diversion Alternatives---Community-Based Treatment Programs
502(7)
Prison Alternative---Boot Camps
509(4)
Exemplary Programs
513(3)
Sometimes You Need a Wizard
516(1)
Summary
516(4)
Rethinking Juvenile Justice: A Global View
520(25)
Introduction
522(1)
Juvenile Court Involvement
523(1)
A Juvenile Justice Model
523(2)
The Competence Issue
525(1)
Restructuring
526(1)
Policy Recommendations for Consideration
527(1)
The Future for Neglected and Abused Children
527(1)
Time for a Change
528(3)
A Global Perspective
531(8)
A Call for Restorative Justice
539(1)
The BJS-Princeton Project Call for a New Paradigm
540(2)
Summary
542(3)
Appendix A Influences on Delinquency545(6)
Appendix B Job Description: Police-School Liaison Officer551(2)
Appendix C Juvenile Court Jurisdiction: Selected State Statutes553(16)
Appendix D Social History Interview Notes569(8)
Appendix E Metropolitan Court Judges Committee: 73 Recommendations577(6)
Appendix F Roles and Responsibilities for a Drug-Free School and Community583(12)
Appendix G School and Community Programs595(6)
Glossary601(10)
Author Index611(4)
Subject Index615

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