9780618641833

In the first thorough account of the complex working relationship between Lyndon Baines Johnson and Martin Luther King, Jr., Pulitzer Prizewinning journalist Nick Kotz offers an engrossing investigation of a little-known element of the Johnson presidency. Tracing both leaders' paths, from Johnson's assumption of the presidency in 1963 to King's assassination in 1968, Kotz describes how they formed a wary alliance that would become instrumental in producing some of the most substantial civil rights legislation in American history: the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Drawing on a wealth of newly available sourcesJohnson's taped telephone conversations, voluminous FBI wiretap logs, and secret communications between FBI director J. Edgar Hoover and the presidentKotz examines the forces that drew the charismatic men together and those that eventually drove them apart. Kotz's focused and incisive examination significantly enriches our understanding of both men.

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NICK KOTZ is the author of five previous books on politics, social justice, and the civil rights movement. A renowned journalist, he has received a Pulitzer Prize and a National Magazine Award. He lives in Broad Run, Virginia.

Introduction: Second Emancipation	p. xi
The Cataclysm	p. 1
Let Us Continue	p. 17
"A Fellow Southerner in the White House"	p. 42
Hoover, King, and Two Presidents	p. 68
A Fire That No Water Could Put Out	p. 87
An Idea Whose Time Has Come	p. 112
Lyndon Johnson and the Ku Klux Klan	p. 156
A Political Revolution	p. 189
Hoover Attacks	p. 229
LBJ-MLK: A Quiet Alliance	p. 250
We Shall Overcome	p. 278
Shining Moment	p. 315
This Time the Fire	p. 338
Another Martyr	p. 379
Epilogue: The Legacy	p. 422
Acknowledgments	p. 435
Author's Note on Sources	p. 439
Notes	p. 443
Interview List	p. 475
Bibliography	p. 480
Index	p. 494
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Chapter 1 The Cataclysm The day began in triumph for John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Riding through the sunny streets of downtown Dallas in an open convertible, his young wife, Jacqueline, beside him, the president of the United States beamed at the cheering crowds. Two cars back in the motorcade, Lyndon Baines Johnson, who knew he had been Kennedy's choice for vice president principally to keep the South in the Democratic fold, felt vindicated by the warm reception in his home state. Both men had been apprehensive about open hostility from angry southerners in the wake of Kennedy's call for a new civil rights law. Instead, thousands of ebullient Texans applauded and waved at their handsome young president and at their own Lyndon Johnson. In the front car, Nellie Connally, wife of Texas governor John Connally, turned back toward John Kennedy. "You can't say Dallas doesn't love you," she beamed.1 An instant later,Nellie Connally heard a loud noise, followed rapidly by several more explosions. She saw President Kennedy grip his throat with both hands and heard her husband moan, "Oh, no, no, no," and then, "My God, they are going to kill us all!"Kennedy was slumped over, bleeding, as was Governor Connally, whom she cradled in her arms as the convertible sped away.2 Two cars behind them, Secret Service agent Rufus Youngblood yelled, "Get down!" and shoved Lyndon Johnson to the oorboard. The agent threw his own two hundredpound body across Johnson to protect the vice president. Pinned down and unable to see, Johnson heard tires screeching as he felt the car accelerate.He heard the radioed voice of agent Roy Kellerman from Kennedy's car shouting, "Let's get the heck out of here!" Then he heard still another agent's voice: "The President has been shot.We don't know who else they are after." Moments later, Secret Service men rushed Johnson and his wife, Lady Bird, into Parkland Memorial Hospital, where they huddled silently together in an examining room with the shades drawn. In an adjoining room, Secret Service agent Henry Roberts spoke into his radio to headquarters in Washington. "We don't know what the full scope of this thing is," he said. "It could be a conspiracy to try to kill the president, vice president - try to kill everybody."3 Less than an hour after the shots were Fired, at 1:22 p.m. Central Standard Time, November 22, 1963, White House aide Kenneth O'Donnell came into the Johnsons'room. "He's gone," he told them. At that moment, Fifty-Five-year-old Lyndon Baines Johnson became the thirty-sixth president of the United States.4 In his two-story frame home on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. struggled awake late that November morning, physically and mentally exhausted from too much travel and too little sleep. During the previous seven days, King had been constantly on the road, First for a rally at Danville, Virginia, where the sparse turnout of supporters suggested that the civil rights leader would have trouble launching a planned major campaign there. The young minister was deeply worried that the civil rights movement was losing momentum and perplexed about where he should now direct the energies of his Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to pressure Congress into approving civil rights legislation. If not Danville, where should King go next? With conicting advice coming from his aides, King did not know what to do. After Danville, he had own to New York to meet privately at Idlewild Airport with two key advi

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