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Issues In Aging

ISBN: 9780205439188 | 0205439187
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Pub. Date: 1/1/2006

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SummaryTable of Contents
This text examines the social issues raised by individual and societal aging. Discussions of United States social institutions such as health care, housing, and income security systems provide a context for examining the sociological construction of aging and how aging is experienced by individuals. The text features in-depth coverage of current issues as well as profiles of individuals who are experiencing these issues first hand. This issue-oriented approach helps students see the relevance of aging to their own lives today and in the future.... MORE
Prefacexiii
Aging Today
1(24)
Why Study Aging?
2(1)
... MORE
3(1)
Sources of Ageism
4(8)
The Media as a Source of Ageism
6(1)
Lack of Knowledge as a Source of Ageism
7(5)
Some Facts on Aging Today
12(3)
Victimization by Fraud
13(1)
Effects of Victimization
14(1)
Fear of Crime
15(1)
Responses to Ageism
15(6)
The Media
15(2)
The Senior Market: A New Image of Aging
17(1)
The Ageless Self: Another Form of Ageism
18(1)
Education Programs
19(1)
Intergenerational Programs
20(1)
Legislation and Social Action
21(1)
Aging Today
21(1)
Conclusion
22(1)
Summary
23(1)
Discussion Questions
23(1)
Suggested Reading
23(1)
Glossary of Terms
24(1)
Theories and Methods
25(27)
The Study of Aging: Past and Present
27(1)
Early Developments in Research
27(1)
Gerontology Research Today
27(1)
Is Gerontology a Discipline?
28(1)
Theories of Aging
29(1)
Two Levels of Theories
30(1)
Three Theoretical Perspectives
30(9)
Interpretive Perspective
31(2)
Critique of the Interpretive Perspective
33(1)
Functionalist Perspective
33(1)
Age Stratification Theory: An Example of the Functionalist Perspective
34(1)
Critique of the Functionalist Perspective
35(2)
Conflict Perspective
37(2)
Critique of the Conflict Perspective
39(1)
Research Issues and Methods
39(6)
Experimental Designs
39(1)
Cross-Sectional Designs
40(1)
Longitudinal Designs
41(1)
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
42(3)
The Humanities
45(2)
Ethical Issues in Research
47(2)
The Future of Gerontological Theory and Methods
49(1)
Conclusion
50(1)
Summary
50(1)
Discussion Questions
50(1)
Suggested Reading
51(1)
Glossary of Terms
51(1)
Aging at Other Times, in Other Places
52(24)
Four Types of Societies
53(12)
Hunting and Gathering
53(2)
Agricultural Society
55(3)
Modern Industrial Society
58(6)
Postindustrial Society: The United States Today
64(1)
The Challenge of Population Aging
65(1)
The Developed Nations
66(1)
The Developing Nations
66(7)
The Future of Aging in Developing Nations
71(2)
Conclusion
73(1)
Summary
73(1)
Discussion Questions
74(1)
Suggested Reading
74(1)
Glossary of Terms
75(1)
Demography
76(22)
The Demographics of Population Aging
77(1)
Increased Numbers of Older People
78(1)
Increased Median Age of the Population
78(1)
Increased Proportion of Older People
78(2)
Measuring Trends
78(2)
The Causes of Population Change
80(3)
Migration
80(1)
Death Rates
81(1)
Birth Rates
82(1)
The Challenges of an Aging Population
83(9)
The Aging of the Older Population
83(1)
Ethnic and Racial Variations
84(1)
Regional Distribution
85(2)
Interstate Migration
87(1)
Amenity Migration
88(2)
Urban-Rural Distribution
90(1)
Changes in the Sex Ratio
91(1)
The Impact of Population Aging
92(3)
Dependency Ratios
92(2)
Critique of Dependency Ratios
94(1)
Conclusion
95(1)
Summary
96(1)
Discussion Questions
96(1)
Suggested Reading
97(1)
Glossary of Terms
97(1)
Personal Health and Well-Being
98(33)
Biological Aging
99(1)
Theories of Biological Aging
99(7)
Programmed Theories
100(3)
Error Theories
103(3)
Other Theories
106(1)
The Effects of Aging on Body Systems
106(4)
Musculoskeletal System
106(1)
The Endocrine System
107(2)
Sensory Changes
109(1)
Personal Health and Illness
110(12)
Changes in Health Status
110(1)
Limits on Activity Due to Physical Decline
111(7)
Coping with Physical Change
118(4)
Compression of Morbidity Hypothesis
122(1)
Successful Aging
123(4)
Conclusion
127(1)
Summary
128(1)
Discussion Questions
129(1)
Suggested Reading
130(1)
Glossary of Terms
130(1)
Life Span Development
131(32)
Memory and Intelligence
132(5)
Memory
133(3)
Intelligence
136(1)
New Models of Mental Ability in Later Life
137(3)
Personality Development and the Self
140(3)
Self-Development in Later Life
141(1)
Spirituality: The Search for Meaning in Later Life
142(1)
Social Psychological Change
143(7)
Disengagement Theory
143(1)
Activity Theory
144(1)
Continuity Theory
144(1)
The Life Course Perspective
145(2)
The Structure of the Life Course
147(3)
Psychological Disorders: Abnormal Aging
150(8)
Organic Disorders: Cognitive Impairment in Later Life
150(3)
Functional Disorders
153(5)
Social Breakdown and Reconstruction
158(2)
Conclusion
160(1)
Summary
161(1)
Discussion Questions
161(1)
Suggested Reading
162(1)
Glossary of Terms
162(1)
Race and Ethnicity
163(33)
Who are the Minority Elderly?
164(2)
Why Study Minority Aging?
166(1)
Demographic Characteristics of Dominant and Minority Group Elders
167(4)
Non-Latino Whites: The Dominant Group Older Population
167(1)
The Minority Older Population
167(4)
Three Theories on Minority Group Aging
171(3)
Multiple Jeopardy
171(1)
Leveling
172(1)
The Life Course Perspective
173(1)
The Impact of Minority Group Membership on Aging
174(1)
A Look at Four Minority Groups
175(16)
African Americans
175(7)
Hispanic Americans
182(4)
Asian Americans
186(2)
Native Americans
188(3)
Responses to Minority Group Aging
191(2)
Conclusion
193(1)
Summary
193(1)
Discussion Questions
194(1)
Suggested Reading
195(1)
Glossary of Terms
195(1)
The Health Care System
196(31)
Three Models of Health Care
198(1)
The Medical Model
198(1)
The Social Model
198(1)
The Health Promotion Model
199(1)
The U.S. Health Care System Today
199(15)
Medicare
200(2)
Medicaid
202(1)
Medigap and Long-term Care Insurance
203(1)
The Cost of Care
203(11)
Long-Term Care: A Response to Older People's Needs
214(5)
Institutional Care
214(1)
Community-Based Services
215(2)
Managed Care: Alternative Delivery Methods
217(2)
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
219(2)
Future Issues in Health Care
221(3)
Availability
221(1)
Accessibility
222(1)
Coordination
222(2)
Conclusion
224(1)
Summary
224(1)
Discussion Questions
225(1)
Suggested Reading
226(1)
Glossary of Terms
226(1)
Finances and Economics
227(28)
Historical Development of The U.S. Pension System
228(2)
The U.S. Retirement Income System Today
230(9)
Level One: Social Security
230(4)
Level Two: Employment Pensions
234(2)
Level Three: Personal Assets and Other Income
236(3)
The Impact of the Retirement Income System on Older People's Incomes
239(1)
Inequality in Later Life
239(6)
Age Differences and Income
240(1)
Gender and Income
241(2)
Marital Status and Income
243(1)
Minority Status and Income
243(2)
Pension Reform
245(6)
Social Security Reform
246(3)
Supplemental Security Income Reform
249(1)
Private Pension Reform
249(2)
The Future
251(1)
Conclusion
252(1)
Summary
253(1)
Discussion Questions
253(1)
Suggested Reading
254(1)
Glossary of Terms
254(1)
Retirement and Work
255(27)
The Social Origins of Retirement
256(1)
Retirement in the United States Today
257(7)
Men and Retirement
257(2)
Women and Retirement
259(1)
Minorities and Retirement
260(4)
Alternatives to Retirement
264(5)
Partial Retirement
266(2)
Second Careers
268(1)
Personal Responses to Retirement
269(6)
Phase 1: Preretirement
269(1)
Phase 2: The Honeymoon
270(2)
Phase 3: The Retirement Routine
272(1)
Phase 4: Disenchantment
272(2)
Phase 5: Termination
274(1)
Preretirement Education
275(1)
Social Structures and Retirement
276(3)
The Dual Economy
276(1)
Displaced Workers
277(2)
The Future of Retirement
279(1)
Conclusion
280(1)
Summary
280(1)
Discussion Questions
281(1)
Suggested Reading
281(1)
Glossary of Terms
281(1)
Housing and Transportation
282(32)
Living Arrangements
283(1)
An Ecological Model of Housing
284(2)
Housing Options
286(20)
Single-Family Homes
286(7)
Apartment Living
293(2)
Congregate Housing and Assisted Living
295(1)
Subsidized Housing
296(1)
Single Room Occupancy (SRO)
297(1)
Supportive Housing
297(3)
Elder Cottages and Accessory Apartments
300(1)
Home Sharing
300(2)
Retirement Communities
302(3)
Continuing Care Retirement Communities
305(1)
The Future of Housing
306(2)
Integration of Housing and Services
306(1)
Low-Income, Rural, and Minority Housing
306(2)
Transportation
308(3)
Public Transportation
308(1)
Private Transportation
309(2)
Conclusion
311(1)
Summary
312(1)
Discussion Questions
312(1)
Suggested Reading
313(1)
Glossary of Terms
313(1)
Leisure, Recreation, and Education
314(24)
Leisure
315(5)
Age and Leisure
316(1)
Gender and Leisure
316(2)
Race and Leisure
318(1)
Leisure Education
319(1)
New Activities in Old Age
320(7)
Outdoor Recreation
320(1)
Fitness, Health, and Well-Being
320(7)
Senior Centers
327(2)
Education
329(4)
Elderhostel
330(2)
Lifelong Learning Institutes
332(1)
The Future of Education for Older People
333(1)
Community Service and Volunteer Work
333(2)
Conclusion
335(1)
Summary
335(1)
Discussion Questions
336(1)
Suggested Reading
336(1)
Glossary of Terms
336(2)
Family Life and Social Support
338(39)
Part I: Family Life, Marriage, and Widowhood
339(11)
Marriage Demographics
339(4)
Widowhood
343(4)
Sexuality
347(3)
Part II: Social Support
350(23)
Family Life and Family Supports
351(1)
Informal Supports for Older People
351(6)
Minority Differences in Social Support
357(1)
Caregiving
358(3)
The Future of Informal Support
361(1)
Eldercare and the Workplace
362(2)
Older People as Family Supporters
364(6)
Elder Abuse
370(3)
Conclusion
373(1)
Summary
374(1)
Discussion Questions
375(1)
Suggested Reading
376(1)
Glossary of Terms
376(1)
Death and Dying
377(20)
Death and Society
379(1)
Death in Old Age
379(2)
Institutional Death
381(1)
Changes in the Treatment of the Dying
381(5)
Stages of Death and Dying
381(1)
Hospice Care
382(2)
Palliative Care
384(2)
Ethical Issues
386(7)
Advance Directives
386(5)
Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide
391(2)
Mourning and Grief
393(1)
Conclusion
394(1)
Summary
395(1)
Discussion Questions
395(1)
Suggested Reading
396(1)
Glossary of Terms
396(1)
Politics and Policies
397(27)
Voting
398(4)
Participation Trends among Older Voters
399(2)
Will Older People Form a Voting Bloc?
401(1)
Holding Political Office
402(1)
Advocacy
403(6)
The American Association of Retired Persons
405(2)
The Limits of Advocacy
407(1)
The Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act: A Case Study in Senior Advocacy
407(2)
Activism
409(3)
Government and Aging Policy
412(4)
The Older Americans Act
413(3)
Generational Equity
416(4)
The Future of Aging, Politics, and Policy
420(1)
Conclusion
421(1)
Summary
422(1)
Discussion Questions
423(1)
Suggested Reading
423(1)
Glossary of Terms
423(1)
Gerontology Careers and You
424(15)
Challenges for American Society
425(1)
Age Irrelevance
425(2)
Diversity
426(1)
Generational Interdependence
426(1)
Gerontology Education
427(4)
Types of Gerontology Programs
427(4)
Work and Careers in Gerontology
431(5)
Finding Work in the Field of Aging
432(4)
Gerontology and You
436(1)
Summary
437(1)
Discussion Questions
437(1)
Suggested Reading
438(1)
Glossary of Terms
438(1)
Works Consulted439(60)
Index499

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