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Introductory Statistics

by: Prem S. Mann

Introductory Statistics

by: Prem S. Mann

ISBN 13:
9780471165460
ISBN 10:
0471165468
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 08/01/1997
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Summary

This revised and expanded edition is for the reader lacking a strong mathematical background. It makes statistics interesting and accessible by using realistic examples and offering clear, step-by-step explanations, sound pedagogy and quality exercise sets.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

(36)

1.1 WHAT IS STATISTICS?

(1)

1.2 TYPES OF STATISTICS

(1)

1.2.1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

(1)

CASE STUDY 1-1 UNSCHEDULED EMPLOYEE ABSENCES

(1)

1.2.2 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

(1)

EXERCISES

(1)

1.3 POPULATION VERSUS SAMPLE

(2)

CASE STUDY 1-2 CAUGHT DIRTY HANDED: MANY FAIL TO WASH WHEN THEY SHOULD

(1)

CASE STUDY 1-3 DIFFERENT STUDIES, CONFLICTING RESULTS

(2)

EXERCISES

(1)

1.4 BASIC TERMS

(2)

EXERCISES

(1)

1.5 TYPES OF VARIABLES

(2)

1.5.1 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES

(1)

1.5.2 QUALITATIVE OR CATEGORICAL VARIABLES

(1)

EXERCISES

(1)

1.6 CROSS-SECTION VERSUS TIME-SERIES DATA

(1)

1.6.1 CROSS-SECTION DATA

(1)

1.6.2 TIME-SERIES DATA

(1)

1.7 SOURCES OF DATA

(1)

EXERCISES

(1)

1.8 SUMMATION NOTATION

(2)

EXERCISES

(1)

GLOSSARY

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

(1)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

(2)

USING MINITAB: AN INTRODUCTION

(11)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

(2)

Chapter 2 ORGANIZING DATA

(48)

2.1 RAW DATA

(1)

2.2 ORGANIZING AND GRAPHING QUALITATIVE DATA

(3)

2.2.1 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

(1)

2.2.2 RELATIVE FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTIONS

(1)

2.2.3 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF QUALITATIVE DATA

(1)

CASE STUDY 2-1 PASSIVELY GREEN

(2)

CASE STUDY 2-2 PEPPERONI ON TOP

(1)

CASE STUDY 2-3 MOST STRESSFUL TIMES

(1)

EXERCISES

(2)

2.3 ORGANIZING AND GRAPHING QUANTITATIVE DATA

(7)

2.3.1 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

(2)

2.3.2 CONSTRUCTING FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLES

(2)

2.3.3 RELATIVE FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTIONS

(1)

2.3.4 GRAPHING GROUPED DATA

(2)

CASE STUDY 2-4 DRINKING, DRIVING, AND DYING

(3)

2.3.5 MORE ON CLASSES AND FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

(2)

2.4 SHAPES OF HISTOGRAMS

(2)

CASE STUDY 2-5 USING TRUNCATED AXES

(1)

EXERCISES

(4)

2.5 CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

(2)

EXERCISES

(1)

2.6 STEM-AND-LEAF DISPLAYS

(3)

EXERCISES

(2)

GLOSSARY

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

(4)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

(2)

USING MINITAB

(4)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

(2)

Chapter 3 NUMERICAL DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES

(66)

3.1 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY FOR UNGROUPED DATA

(4)

3.1.1 MEAN

(4)

CASE STUDY 3-1 AN AVERAGE U.S. HOUSEHOLD

(2)

3.1.2 MEDIAN

(2)

CASE STUDY 3-2 MEDIAN INCOME OF MEN AGED 30 OR OLDER

(1)

CASE STUDY 3-3 WHAT'S THE TAX BITE?

(4)

3.1.3 MODE

(2)

3.1.4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MEAN, MEDIAN, AND MODE

(1)

EXERCISES

(3)

3.2 MEASURES OF DISPERSION FOR UNGROUPED DATA

100

(6)

3.2.1 RANGE

101

(1)

3.2.2 VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION

102

(3)

3.2.3 POPULATION PARAMETERS AND SAMPLE STATISTICS

105

(1)

EXERCISES

106

(3)

3.3 MEAN, VARIANCE, AND STANDARD DEVIATION FOR GROUPED DATA

109

(5)

3.3.1 MEAN FOR GROUPED DATA

109

(2)

3.3.2 VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION FOR GROUPED DATA

111

(3)

EXERCISES

114

(3)

3.4 USE OF STANDARD DEVIATION

117

(3)

3.4.1 CHEBYSHEV'S THEOREM

117

(2)

3.4.2 EMPIRICAL RULE

119

(1)

CASE STUDY 3-4 HERE COMES THE SD

120

(2)

EXERCISES

122

(1)

3.5 MEASURES OF POSITION

123

(4)

3.5.1 QUARTILES AND INTERQUARTILE RANGE

123

(2)

3.5.2 PERCENTILES AND PERCENTILE RANK

125

(2)

EXERCISES

127

(2)

3.6 BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT

129

(2)

EXERCISES

131

(2)

GLOSSARY

133

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

134

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

135

(5)

APPENDIX 3.1

140

(2)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

142

(3)

USING MINITAB

145

(2)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

147

(1)

MORE CHALLENGING EXERCISES (OPTIONAL) CHAPTERS 1 TO 3

148

(2)

Chapter 4 PROBABILITY

151

(56)

4.1 EXPERIMENT, OUTCOMES, AND SAMPLE SPACE

152

(4)

4.1.1 SIMPLE AND COMPOUND EVENTS

154

(2)

EXERCISES

156

(2)

4.2 CALCULATING PROBABILITY

158

(5)

4.2.1 THREE CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO PROBABILITY

159

(4)

4.2.2 ODDS

163

(1)

CASE STUDY 4-1 PROBABILITY AND ODDS

163

(1)

EXERCISES

164

(2)

4.3 COUNTING RULE

166

(1)

4.4 MARGINAL AND CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES

167

(4)

CASE STUDY 4-2 PROBABILITIES OF LISTENING TO OLDIES RADIO STATIONS

171

(1)

4.5 MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

172

(1)

4.6 INDEPENDENT VERSUS DEPENDENT EVENTS

173

(2)

4.7 COMPLEMENTARY EVENTS

175

(1)

EXERCISES

176

(4)

4.8 INTERSECTION OF EVENTS AND THE MULTIPLICATION RULE

180

(6)

4.8.1 INTERSECTION OF EVENTS

180

(1)

4.8.2 MULTIPLICATION RULE

180

(6)

CASE STUDY 4-3 BASEBALL PLAYERS HAVE "SLUMPS" AND "STREAKS"

186

(1)

EXERCISES

187

(4)

4.9 UNION OF EVENTS AND THE ADDITION RULE

191

(6)

4.9.1 UNION OF EVENTS

191

(1)

4.9.2 ADDITION RULE

192

(5)

EXERCISES

197

(2)

GLOSSARY

199

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

200

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

201

(3)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

204

(3)

Chapter 5 DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES AND THEIR PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

207

(64)

5.1 RANDOM VARIABLES

208

(2)

5.1.1 DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

209

(1)

5.1.2 CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE

209

(1)

EXERCISES

210

(1)

5.2 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

210

(5)

EXERCISES

215

(3)

5.3 MEAN OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

218

(2)

CASE STUDY 5-1 BANK ROLL INSTANT LOTTERY

220

(2)

5.4 STANDARD DEVIATION OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

222

(2)

EXERCISES

224

(2)

5.5 FACTORIALS AND COMBINATIONS

226

(4)

5.5.1 FACTORIALS

226

(2)

5.5.2 COMBINATIONS

228

(2)

CASE STUDY 5-2 PLAYING LOTTO

230

(3)

5.5.3 USING THE TABLE OF COMBINATIONS

232

(1)

EXERCISES

233

(1)

5.6 THE BINOMIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

234

(7)

5.6.1 THE BINOMIAL EXPERIMENT

234

(1)

5.6.2 THE BINOMIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION AND BINOMIAL FORMULA

235

(6)

CASE STUDY 5-3 MISSING WOMEN

241

(6)

5.6.3 USING THE TABLE OF BINOMIAL PROBABILITIES

242

(2)

5.6.4 PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS AND THE SHAPE OF THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

244

(2)

5.6.5 MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

246

(1)

EXERCISES

247

(3)

5.7 THE POISSON PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

250

(3)

CASE STUDY 5-4 ASK MR. STATISTICS

253

(4)

5.7.1 USING THE TABLE OF POISSON PROBABILITIES

254

(2)

5.7.2 MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE POISSON PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

256

(1)

EXERCISES

257

(2)

GLOSSARY

259

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

259

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

260

(3)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

263

(2)

USING MINITAB

265

(5)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

270

(1)

Chapter 6 CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES AND THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

271

(55)

6.1 CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

272

(4)

CASE STUDY 6-1 DISTRIBUTION OF TIME TAKEN TO RUN A ROAD RACE

276

(2)

6.2 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

278

(2)

6.3 THE STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

280

(8)

EXERCISES

288

(1)

6.4 STANDARDIZING A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

289

(6)

EXERCISES

295

(1)

6.5 APPLICATIONS OF THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

296

(4)

EXERCISES

300

(2)

6.6 DETERMINING THE z AND x VALUES WHEN AN AREA UNDER THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE IS KNOWN

302

(4)

EXERCISES

306

(2)

6.7 THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION TO THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

308

(5)

EXERCISES

313

(2)

GLOSSARY

315

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

315

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

316

(3)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

319

(2)

USING MINITAB

321

(1)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

322

(2)

MORE CHALLENGING EXERCISES (OPTIONAL) CHAPTERS 4 TO 6

324

(2)

Chapter 7 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS

326

(47)

7.1 POPULATION AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS

327

(3)

7.1.1 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

327

(1)

7.1.2 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

328

(2)

7.2 SAMPLING AND NONSAMPLING ERRORS

330

(3)

CASE STUDY 7-1 LIES, DAMN LIES, AND POLITICAL POLLS?

333

(1)

EXERCISES

334

(1)

7.3 MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF x

335

(3)

EXERCISES

338

(2)

7.4 SHAPE OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF x

340

(5)

7.4.1 SAMPLING FROM A NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED POPULATION

340

(3)

7.4.2 SAMPLING FROM A POPULATION THAT IS NOT NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED

343

(2)

EXERCISES

345

(2)

7.5 APPLICATIONS OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF x

347

(4)

EXERCISES

351

(2)

7.6 POPULATION AND SAMPLE PROPORTIONS

353

(1)

7.7 MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, AND SHAPE OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF XXX

354

(4)

7.7.1 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF XXX

354

(2)

7.7.2 MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF XXX

356

(1)

7.7.3 SHAPE OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF XXX

357

(1)

EXERCISES

358

(2)

7.8 APPLICATIONS OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF XXX

360

(3)

EXERCISES

363

(1)

GLOSSARY

364

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

365

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

366

(2)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

368

(3)

USING MINITAB

371

(1)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

372

(1)

Chapter 8 ESTIMATION OF THE MEAN AND PROPORTION

373

(48)

8.1 ESTIMATION: AN INTRODUCTION

374

(1)

8.2 POINT AND INTERVAL ESTIMATES

375

(1)

8.2.1 A POINT ESTIMATE

375

(1)

8.2.2 AN INTERVAL ESTIMATE

376

(1)

8.3 INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF A POPULATION MEAN: LARGE SAMPLES

377

(6)

CASE STUDY 8-1 CRYING BEHAVIOR IN THE HUMAN ADULT

383

(1)

EXERCISES

384

(4)

8.4 INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF A POPULATION MEAN: SMALL SAMPLES

388

(5)

8.4.1 THE XXX DISTRIBUTION

389

(2)

8.4.2 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR XXX USING THE XXX DISTRIBUTION

391

(2)

CASE STUDY 8-2 CARDIAC DEMANDS OF HEAVY SNOW SHOVELING

393

(1)

EXERCISES

394

(3)

8.5 INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF A POPULATION PROPORTION: LARGE SAMPLES

397

(3)

CASE STUDY 8-3 ASK MR. STATISTICS

400

(1)

EXERCISES

401

(4)

8.6 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF MEAN

405

(1)

EXERCISES

406

(1)

8.7 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF PROPORTION

407

(2)

EXERCISES

409

(1)

GLOSSARY

409

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

410

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

411

(4)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

415

(2)

USING MINITAB

417

(3)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

420

(1)

Chapter 9 HYPOTHESIS TESTS ABOUT THE MEAN AND PROPORTION

421

(63)

9.1 HYPOTHESIS TESTS: AN INTRODUCTION

422

(8)

9.1.1 TWO HYPOTHESIS

422

(2)

9.1.2 REJECTION AND NONREJECTION REGIONS

424

(1)

9.1.3 TWO TYPES OF ERRORS

424

(2)

9.1.4 TAILS OF A TEST

426

(4)

EXERCISES

430

(1)

9.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTS ABOUT A POPULATION MEAN: LARGE SAMPLES

431

(7)

EXERCISES

438

(3)

9.3 HYPOTHESIS TESTS USING THE p-VALUE APPROACH

441

(4)

EXERCISES

445

(2)

9.4 HYPOTHESIS TESTS ABOUT A POPULATION MEAN: SMALL SAMPLES

447

(5)

EXERCISES

452

(4)

9.5 HYPOTHESIS TESTS ABOUT A POPULATION PROPORTION: LARGE SAMPLES

456

(5)

CASE STUDY 9-1 STATISTICIANS OCCUPY FRONT LINES IN BATTLE OVER PASSIVE SMOKING

461

(1)

EXERCISES

462

(4)

GLOSSARY

466

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

466

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

467

(5)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

472

(2)

USING MINITAB

474

(5)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

479

(2)

MORE CHALLENGING EXERCISES (OPTIONAL) CHAPTER 7 TO 9

481

(3)

Chapter 10 ESTIMATION AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING: TWO POPULATIONS

484

(67)

10.1 INFERENCES ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO POPULATION MEANS FOR LARGE AND INDEPENDENT SAMPLES

485

(8)

10.1.1 INDEPENDENT VERSUS DEPENDENT SAMPLES

485

(1)

10.1.2 MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF x(1)-x(2)

486

(2)

10.1.3 INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF XXX(1) - XXX(2)

488

(2)

10.1.4 HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT XXX(1) - XXX(2)

490

(3)

CASE STUDY 10-1 INFERENCES MADE BY THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

493

(1)

EXERCISES

494

(3)

10.2 INFERENCES ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO POPULATION MEANS FOR SMALL AND INDEPENDENT SAMPLES: EQUAL STANDARD DEVIATIONS

497

(6)

10.2.1 INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF XXX(1) - XXX(2)

499

(1)

10.2.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT XXX(1) - XXX(2)

500

(3)

EXERCISES

503

(3)

10.3 INFERENCES ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO POPULATION MEANS FOR SMALL AND INDEPENDENT SAMPLES: UNEQUAL STANDARD DEVIATIONS

506

(4)

10.3.1 INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF XXX(1) - XXX(2)

507

(1)

10.3.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT XXX(1) - XXX(2)

508

(2)

EXERCISES

510

(3)

10.4 INFERENCES ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO POPULATION MEANS FOR PAIRED SAMPLES

513

(8)

10.4.1 INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF XXX

515

(2)

10.4.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT XXX

517

(4)

EXERCISES

521

(2)

10.5 INFERENCES ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO POPULATION PROPORTIONS FOR LARGE AND INDEPENDENT SAMPLES

523

(1)

10.5.1 MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF p(1) - p(2)

524

(1)

10.5.2 INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF p(1) - p(2)

524

(2)

10.5.3 HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT p(1) - p(2)

526

(3)

CASE STUDY 10-2 MORE ON THE INFERENCES MADE BY THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

529

(1)

EXERCISES

530

(3)

GLOSSARY

533

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

533

(2)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

535

(5)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

540

(2)

USING MINITAB

542

(7)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

549

(2)

Chapter 11 CHI-SQUARE TESTS

551

(47)

11.1 THE CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION

552

(3)

EXERCISES

555

(1)

11.2 A GOODNESS-OF-FIT TEST

555

(6)

EXERCISES

561

(3)

11.3 CONTINGENCY TABLES

564

(1)

11.4 A TEST OF INDEPENDENCE OR HOMOGENEITY

565

(9)

11.4.1 A TEST OF INDEPENDENCE

565

(6)

11.4.2 A TEST OF HOMOGENEITY

571

(3)

EXERCISES

574

(4)

11.5 INFERENCES ABOUT THE POPULATION VARIANCE

578

(6)

11.5.1 ESTIMATION OF THE POPULATION VARIANCE

579

(2)

11.5.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTS ABOUT THE POPULATION VARIANCE

581

(3)

EXERCISES

584

(2)

GLOSSARY

586

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

586

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

587

(5)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

592

(2)

USING MINITAB

594

(3)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

597

(1)

Chapter 12 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

598

(28)

12.1 THE F DISTRIBUTION

599

(2)

EXERCISES

601

(1)

12.2 ONE-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

602

(9)

12.2.1 CALCULATING THE VALUE OF THE TEST STATISTIC

604

(3)

12.2.2 ONE-WAY ANOVA TEST

607

(4)

EXERCISES

611

(4)

GLOSSARY

615

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

615

(1)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

616

(3)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

619

(2)

USING MINITAB

621

(1)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

622

(1)

MORE CHALLENGING EXERCISES (OPTIONAL) CHAPTERS 10 TO 12

623

(3)

Chapter 13 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

626

(70)

13.1 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL

627

(3)

13.1.1 SIMPLE REGRESSION

627

(1)

13.1.2 LINEAR REGRESSION

628

(2)

13.2 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS

630

(8)

13.2.1 SCATTER DIAGRAM

631

(2)

13.2.2 LEAST SQUARES LINE

633

(3)

13.2.3 INTERPRETATION OF a AND b

636

(2)

CASE STUDY 13-1 REGRESSION OF HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF NBA PLAYERS

638

(3)

13.2.4 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE REGRESSION MODEL

639

(2)

13.2.5 A NOTE ON THE USE OF SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

641

(1)

EXERCISES

641

(11)

13.3 STANDARD DEVIATION OF RANDOM ERRORS

646

(2)

13.4 COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION

648

(4)

EXERCISES

652

(2)

13.5 INFERENCES ABOUT B

654

(3)

13.5.1 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF b

654

(1)

13.5.2 ESTIMATION OF B

654

(1)

13.5.3 HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT B

655

(2)

EXERCISES

657

(3)

13.6 LINEAR CORRELATION

660

(2)

EXERCISES

662

(3)

13.7 REGRESSION ANALYSIS: A COMPLETE EXAMPLE

665

(4)

EXERCISES

669

(2)

13.8 USING THE REGRESSION MODEL

671

(5)

13.8.1 USING THE REGRESSION MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE MEAN VALUE OF y

672

(2)

13.8.2 USING THE REGRESSION MODEL FOR PREDICTING A PARTICULAR VALUE OF y

674

(2)

13.9 CAUTIONS IN USING REGRESSION

676

(1)

EXERCISES

677

(1)

GLOSSARY

677

(1)

KEY FORMULAS

678

(2)

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES

680

(4)

SELF-REVIEW TEST

684

(3)

USING MINITAB

687

(5)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

692

(2)

MORE CHALLENGING EXERCISES (OPTIONAL) CHAPTER 13

694

(2)

Appendix A SAMPLE SURVEYS, SAMPLING TECHNIQUES, AND DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

696

(23)

A.1 SOURCES OF DATA

697

(3)

1. INTERNAL SOURCES

697

(1)

2. EXTERNAL SOURCES

697

(1)

3. SURVEYS AND EXPERIMENTS

697

(2)

I. SURVEYS

697

(2)

CASE STUDY A-1 IS IT A SIMPLE QUESTION?

699

(1)

II. EXPERIMENTS

699

(1)

A.2 SAMPLE SURVEYS AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

700

(7)

A.2.1 WHY SAMPLE?

700

(1)

A.2.2 RANDOM AND NONRANDOM SAMPLES

700

(2)

A.2.3 SAMPLING AND NONSAMPLING ERRORS

702

(3)

1. SAMPLING OR CHANCE ERROR

702

(1)

2. NONSAMPLING OR SYSTEMATIC ERRORS

702

(3)

A.2.4 RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

705

(2)

1. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

705

(1)

2. SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING

706

(1)

3. STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

706

(1)

4. CLUSTER SAMPLING

707

(1)

A.3 DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

707

(4)

EXERCISES

711

(4)

GLOSSARY

715

(2)

USING MINITAB

717

(1)

COMPUTER ASSIGNMENTS

718

(1)

Appendix B DATA SETS

719

(16)

DATA SET I CITY DATA

720

(7)

DATA SET II DATA ON STATES

727

(2)

DATA SET III NBA DATA

729

(5)

DATA SET IV SAMPLE OF 500 OBSERVATIONS SELECTED FROM MANCHESTER (CONNECTICUT) ROAD RACE DATA

734

(1)

Appendix C STATISTICAL TABLES

735

(30)

TABLE I RANDOM NUMBERS

736

(4)

TABLE II FACTORIALS

740

(1)

TABLE III VALUES OF XXX (COMBINATION)

741

(1)

TABLE IV TABLE OF BINOMIAL PROBABILITIES

742

(8)

TABLE V VALUES OF e XXX

750

(1)

TABLE VI TABLE OF POISSON PROBABILITIES

751

(6)

TABLE VII STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION TABLE

757

(1)

TABLE VIII THE XXX DISTRIBUTION TABLE

758

(2)

TABLE IX CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION TABLE

760

(1)

TABLE X THE F DISTRIBUTION TABLE

761

(4)

ANSWERS TO SELECTED ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES AND SELF-REVIEW TESTS

765

(16)

INDEX

781

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Introductory Statistics

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9780471165460

0471165468

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