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Introduction to Social Problems

ISBN: 9780205351053 | 0205351050
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Pub. Date: 1/1/2003

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SummaryTable of Contents
This economical introduction to social problems text with a built-in study guide emphasizes an applied approach that looks at the interplay between research and policy in finding solutions. This book explores the nature and extent of social problems, documents the advances and setbacks that we as a society have made, and analyzes what works and what doesn't work regarding solutions to today's problems. This straightforward text helps students study this constantly changing field by applying social science research to the solutions of some of the most difficult and controversial problems confronting the United States and the world today.
Prefacexvii
Approaches to the Study of Social Problems
2(32)
What Is a Social Problem?
4(5)
... MORE
Personal Troubles, Public Issues, and Social Problems
4(2)
The Social Context of Social Problems
6(2)
The Sociological Imagination
8(1)
Theoretical Perspectives on Social Problems
9(7)
The Functionalist Perspective
9(2)
The Conflict Perspective
11(2)
The Interactionist Perspective
13(1)
Using the Theoretical Perspectives
14(1)
Constructing Social Problems: The Mass Media and Other Influences
14(2)
Research on Social Problems
16(6)
The Scientific Method
16(1)
Conducting Research
17(1)
Applied Research: Untangling Myths and Facts About Social Problems
18(2)
Values, Interest Groups, and Objectivity
20(1)
Assessing Data: Problems and Pitfalls
20(2)
Future Prospects: Solving Social Problems
22(6)
What Can We Do About Social Problems?
22(1)
The Interplay of Social Policy and Research
23(1)
Policy Issues: Domestic Violence: How to Intervene?
24(1)
Who Provides Solutions?
25(2)
Should We Solve the Problem?
27(1)
International Perspectives: Social Problems in Other Societies
27(1)
Linkages
28(1)
Summary
28(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
29(1)
Study and Review
30(4)
Growth of Corporate and Government Power
34(38)
Myths and Facts: About Business and government
36(1)
Types of Economic Systems
37(2)
Capitalism
37(1)
Socialism
38(1)
Mixed Economies
38(1)
The Concentration of Economic and Political Power
39(6)
The Corporate Economy
39(1)
Unionization
40(2)
Big Government
42(3)
Perspectives on the Concentration of Power
45(9)
The Functionalist Perspective
45(1)
The Conflict Perspective
45(1)
International Perspectives: Global Economic Concentration
46(2)
Is There a Power Elite in the United States?
48(2)
Applied Research: Corporate Concentration and Globalization of the Media
50(3)
The World Economic System
53(1)
Problems Created by the Concentration of Power
54(5)
Effects on Competition
54(1)
Conflict Between Societal and Corporate Goals
54(1)
Threats to Democratic Institutions
55(1)
The Dwindling of Unions
56(1)
Worker Dislocation and Unemployment
56(3)
Abuse of Government Authority
59(1)
Future Prospects
59(7)
Reducing Government and Deficits
60(1)
Government Reorganization
60(1)
Collective Action by Citizens
61(1)
The Globalization of Labor
62(1)
Economic Reorganization
63(1)
Policy Issues: Should the Government Take the Lead in U.S. Reindustrialization?
64(2)
Linkages
66(1)
Summary
66(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
67(1)
Study and Review
68(4)
Family-Related Problems
72(38)
Myths and Facts: About the Family
74(1)
The Family in Society
74(7)
The Functionalist Perspective
75(2)
The Conflict Perspective
77(1)
Applied Research: Day Care: Problem or Solution?
78(2)
The Interactionist Perspective
80(1)
Attitudes Toward Marriage and the Family
81(1)
Divorce
82(5)
The Divorce Rate
82(3)
Who Gets Divorced?
85(1)
The Effects of Divorce
85(2)
Emerging Family Lifestyles
87(5)
Dual-Earner Families
88(2)
Singlehood
90(1)
Cohabitation
90(1)
Single Parenthood
91(1)
A Global Perspective
92(1)
Violence in the Family
92(5)
Intimate Partner Violence
92(1)
Child Abuse
93(1)
Policy Issues: Should Gay and Lesbian Families Be Legitimized?
94(3)
Abuse of the Elderly
97(1)
Constructing Family Problems: Media Images
97(2)
Future Prospects
99(5)
The Future of Divorce
99(1)
Reducing Family Violence
99(1)
Children and the Family
100(2)
International Perspectives: Families and Children in Other Societies
102(2)
Linkages
104(1)
Summary
104(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
105(1)
Study and Review
105(5)
Health and Illness
110(42)
Myths and Facts: About Health and Health Care
112(1)
Perspectives on Health Care
112(5)
The Functionalist Perspective
113(1)
The Conflict Perspective
113(1)
The Interactionist Perspective
114(1)
Politics, Stigma, and the AIDS Epidemic
114(3)
Health, Illness, and Society
117(9)
Health and Societal Development
117(1)
Applied Research: Combating the Spread of AIDS
118(4)
Social Factors in Health and Illness
122(4)
Mental Illness
126(3)
The Nature of Mental Illness
126(2)
The Treatment of Mental Disorders
128(1)
Problems in Health Care
129(8)
Rising Health-Care Costs
129(2)
Access to Medical Services
131(1)
Quality of Medical Services
132(1)
Gender Inequality in Health Care
132(2)
The Corporatization of Health Care
134(3)
Bioethics: Technology and Health
137(1)
The Prolongation of Life
137(1)
Whom Shall We Treat?
138(1)
Future Prospects
138(7)
Publicly Funded Health Insurance
138(2)
Compulsory, Employer-Financed Health Insurance
140(1)
International Perspectives: Paying for Health Care in Other Societies
140(1)
HMOs and Managed Care
141(2)
New Health-Care Practitioners
143(1)
Policy Issues: Should Health Care Be for Profit?
144(1)
Self-Care and Changing Lifestyles
144(1)
Summary
145(1)
Linkages
146(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
146(1)
Study and Review
147(5)
Poverty
152(34)
Myths and Facts: About the Poor
154(1)
The Extent of Poverty
154(6)
Defining Poverty
154(2)
The Extent of Poverty in the United States
156(3)
A Global View of Poverty
159(1)
Who Are the Poor?
160(5)
Social Characteristics
160(3)
Social Circumstances
163(2)
The Causes of Poverty
165(7)
The Functionalist Perspective
165(3)
The Conflict Perspective
168(2)
Applied Research: Structural Sources of Entrenched Poverty
170(1)
The Interactionist Perspective and Cultural Analysis
171(1)
Future Prospects
172(9)
Full Employment
173(1)
Education, Training, and Jobs
173(2)
Income Maintenance Programs
175(1)
Policy Issues: Welfare Versus Workfare: Which Works Better?
176(3)
Collective Action
179(1)
International Perspectives: Poverty and Welfare in Other Societies
180(1)
Linkages
181(1)
Summary
181(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
181(1)
Study and Review
182(4)
Race and Ethnic Relations
186(36)
Myths and Facts: About Race and Ethnicity
188(1)
Minority Groups
188(1)
Race and Ethnicity
189(1)
Racism
189(1)
Sources of Prejudice and Discrimination
189(6)
Social Sources
191(2)
Psychological Sources
193(1)
Consequences of Discrimination
194(1)
Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States
195(12)
African Americans
195(2)
Hispanic Americans
197(3)
American Indians
200(2)
Asian Americans
202(1)
Today's Immigrants
203(1)
Applied Research: Combating Prejudice and Discrimination
204(1)
The Social Construction of Minorities: Media Images
205(2)
Future Prospects
207(9)
Assimilation or Pluralism?
207(2)
Race Relations Today: Race or Class?
209(1)
Collective Protest and Civil Rights Legislation
210(1)
Affirmative Action
210(1)
School Programs and Busing
211(1)
Policy Issues: Should the Government Intervene to Improve Opportunities for Minorities?
212(2)
International Perspectives: Switzerland: Cooperation in a Multiethnic Society
214(2)
Linkages
216(1)
Improving the Economy
216(1)
Summary
216(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
217(1)
Study and Review
218(4)
Gender-and Social Inequality
222(34)
Myths and Facts: About Gender Inequality
224(1)
Men and Women in Society
224(4)
The Biological Perspective
225(1)
The Functionalist Perspective
225(1)
The Conflict Perspective
226(2)
The Interactionist Perspective
228(1)
The Socialization of Men and Women
228(4)
The Family
229(1)
The Schools
229(1)
The Media
230(1)
Applied Research: Fighting Sexism in Higher Education
231(1)
The Extent of Gender Inequality in the United States
232(8)
Economic Discrimination
233(4)
Discrimination in the Military
237(1)
Other Types of Discrimination
238(2)
Gender Inequality Involving Males
240(1)
A Global Perspective on Gender Inequality
240(1)
Future Prospects
241(9)
Collective Action and the Feminist Movement: A Global Struggle
241(1)
International Perspectives: The Treatment of Women in Other Societies
242(3)
Changes in the Law
245(1)
Changes in the Workplace
245(2)
The Changing Face of Politics
247(1)
Policy Issues: Fighting Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
248(1)
Masculine, Feminine, or Human?
248(2)
Linkages
250(1)
Summary
250(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
250(1)
Study and Review
251(5)
Age, Sexual Orientation, and Social Inequality
256(38)
Myths and Facts: About Age and Sexual Orientation
258(1)
Age, Life Course, and Social Structure
258(5)
The Functionalist Perspective
259(1)
The Conflict Perspective
260(1)
The Age Structure of Society
260(3)
Problems of the Young
263(3)
Economic Exploitation
263(1)
Family Instability
264(1)
Poverty
264(1)
Sexual Exploitation
265(1)
Child Abuse
265(1)
Applied Research: How Well Off Are Children and Youth in the United States?
266(1)
Problems of the Elderly
266(7)
Work and Retirement
266(1)
Poverty and Financial Problems
267(3)
Social Isolation
270(1)
Domestic Violence
270(1)
Health Problems
271(1)
Fear of Crime
271(1)
Institutions and Nursing Homes
271(2)
Homosexuality and Homophobia
273(6)
Theories of Sexual Orientation
273(1)
Societal Reaction to Homosexuality
274(5)
The Gay Community
279(1)
Future Prospects
279(10)
Reducing Risks for Children and Youth
279(1)
Economic Resources of the Elderly
280(2)
Policy Issues: Should Medicare or Social Security Be Based on Age Rather than Need?
282(1)
Health Care of the Elderly
282(1)
Living Arrangements of the Elderly
283(2)
Collective Action by the Elderly
285(1)
Collective Action by Gays and Lesbians
285(1)
International Perspectives: Public and Familial Assistance for the Elderly in Other Societies
286(3)
Linkages
289(1)
Summary
289(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
290(1)
Study and Review
290(4)
Crime and Delinquency
294(38)
Myths and Facts: About Crime
296(1)
Explanations of Crime
296(6)
The Functionalist Perspective
297(2)
The Conflict Perspective
299(1)
The Interactionist Perspective
300(2)
Types of Crime
302(5)
Violent and Property Crime
303(1)
Organized Crime
303(1)
White-Collar Crime
304(1)
Victimless Crime
305(1)
Juvenile Delinquency
305(1)
The Crime Rate in the United States
305(2)
Who Are the Criminals?
307(4)
Gender
307(1)
Age
308(2)
Socioeconomic Status
310(1)
Race
310(1)
Who Are the Victims?
310(1)
The Criminal Justice System
311(7)
The Police
311(1)
The Courts
311(3)
The Prisons
314(1)
Constructing the Crime Problem: The Role of the Mass Media
315(1)
Policy Issues: Should States Let Private Companies Run Correctional Facilities?
316(2)
Future Prospects
318(8)
Social Reform
318(1)
Legalization of Some Crimes
319(1)
Better Law Enforcement
319(1)
International Perspectives: Crime in Other Societies
320(1)
Judicial Reform
320(3)
Alternatives to Prison
323(1)
Prison Reform
323(1)
Applied Research: Does the Death Penalty Deter Crime?
324(2)
Linkages
326(1)
Environmental Opportunities
326(1)
Victim Restitution
326(1)
Summary
326(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
327(1)
Study and Review
328(4)
Alcohol and Other Drugs
332(38)
Myths and Facts: About Drug Abuse
334(1)
Drugs and Their Consequences
334(2)
Drug Use and Abuse
335(1)
The Societal Costs of Drug Abuse
336(1)
The Extent of Drug Abuse in the United States
336(15)
Alcohol
336(3)
Marijuana and Hashish
339(5)
Stimulants
344(2)
Depressants
346(1)
Narcotics
347(1)
Applied Research: Discovering the Role of Drugs in Crime and Violence
348(2)
Hallucinogens
350(1)
Explanations of Drug Abuse
351(5)
Biological Explanations
351(1)
Psychological Explanations
352(1)
Sociological Explanations
352(2)
International Perspectives: The Political Economy of the Global Drug Trade
354(2)
Future Prospects
356(8)
Prohibition: The War on Drugs and Alcohol
356(1)
Legalization
357(1)
Policy Issues: Should Drug Use Be Decriminalized in the United States?
358(1)
Primary Prevention
359(2)
Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Communities
361(1)
Behavior Modification
362(1)
Social Policy and Public Pressure
363(1)
Social Reform
363(1)
Linkages
364(1)
Summary
364(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
365(1)
Study and Review
365(5)
Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Trade
370(28)
Myths and Facts: About Prostitution and Pornography
372(1)
Variety in Human Sexuality
372(3)
A Cross-Cultural View
372(1)
Sexual Standards and Variety in the United States
373(2)
Prostitution
375(4)
Extent of Prostitution
375(3)
Who Becomes a Prostitute?
378(1)
Pornography
379(6)
Defining Pornography
379(1)
International Perspectives: The Global Sex Industry
380(2)
Pornography and Censorship
382(1)
Pornography and Sexual Violence
383(2)
Perspectives on Sexual Deviance
385(3)
The Functionalist Perspective
385(1)
The Conflict Perspective
385(1)
The Interactionist Perspective
385(1)
Applied Research: Does Pornography Lead to Violence Against Women?
386(2)
Future Prospects
388(5)
Policy Issues: Should We Censor Pornography on the Internet?
390(2)
Linkages
392(1)
Summary
393(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
393(1)
Study and Review
394(4)
Population Growth and Urbanization
398(38)
Myths and Facts: About Population Growth and Urbanization
400(1)
Population Growth
401(5)
Elements of Demographic Change
401(1)
World Population Growth
402(2)
The Demographic Transition
404(1)
The Extent of Overpopulation
405(1)
The Growth of Cities
406(3)
Urbanization
407(1)
Suburbanization
407(2)
The Postindustrial City
409(1)
Perspectives on Population and Urban Problems
409(2)
The Functionalist Perspective
409(1)
The Conflict Perspective
410(1)
The Interactionist Perspective
411(1)
Consequences of World Population Growth
411(3)
Crowding
412(1)
Food Shortages
412(1)
Depletion of Resources
413(1)
Intergroup Conflict
414(1)
Problems in Cities in the United States
414(5)
Economic Decline
414(1)
Housing
415(1)
Segregation
416(1)
Crime
417(1)
Educational Problems
418(1)
Future Prospects
419(11)
Population Problems
419(1)
Applied Research: Working to Improve Urban Life
420(3)
Urban Problems
423(1)
International Perspectives: Population Policy and Family Planning in China
424(4)
Policy Issues: Should the Government Regulate Growth and Development in Urban Areas?
428(2)
Linkages
430(1)
Summary
430(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
431(1)
Study and Review
432(4)
Environmental Problems
436(36)
Myths and Facts: About the Environment
438(1)
The Ecosystem
438(1)
Social Sources of Environmental Problems
439(4)
Population Growth
440(1)
Affluence
440(1)
Technology
441(1)
Economic Growth
441(1)
Cultural Values
442(1)
Perspectives on Environmental Problems
443(1)
The Functionalist Perspective
443(1)
The Conflict Perspective
443(1)
The Interactionist Perspective
444(1)
The Social Construction of Environmental Problems
444(3)
Extent of Environmental Problems
447(11)
Water Supply and Pollution
447(1)
Solid and Toxic Wastes
448(2)
Nuclear Wastes
450(1)
Land Degradation
451(1)
Applied Research: Assessing the Extent of Environmental Justice: Race, Class, and Pollution
452(1)
Declining Biodiversity
453(2)
Air Pollution
455(2)
Pesticides and Other Chemicals
457(1)
Energy Resources
457(1)
Future Prospects
458(8)
Collective Action by Interest Groups
459(1)
Moderating Economic Growth
459(1)
Government Regulation
460(1)
Policy Issues: Do We Need Government Regulation to Control Environmental Problems?
460(2)
International Perspectives: Environmental Practices and Policies in Other Societies
462(1)
Environmental Partnerships
463(1)
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
463(1)
Renewable Energy Resources
463(2)
International Cooperation
465(1)
New Cultural Values and Social Institutions
465(1)
Linkages
466(1)
Summary
466(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
467(1)
Study and Review
468(4)
Violence, War, and Terrorism
472(34)
Myths and Facts: About Collective Violence and War
474(1)
The Extent of Violence
474(9)
Civil Disorders
474(2)
Political Violence
476(1)
War
476(1)
The Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction
477(1)
Terrorism
478(1)
International Perspectives: The Global Arms Trade and the Military-Industrial Complex
479(4)
Explanations of Collective Violence and War
483(7)
Biological Approaches
483(1)
Social Sources of Collective Violence and War
484(2)
Applied Research: The Social Roots of Terrorist Violence
486(2)
Theoretical Perspectives on Collective Violence and War
488(1)
Constructing War: The Role of the Mass Media
489(1)
The Consequences of War and Terrorism
490(3)
Death, Injury, and Social Dislocation
490(1)
Crime
491(1)
Political Turmoil
491(1)
Economic Problems
492(1)
Nuclear Annihilation
492(1)
Future Prospects
493(7)
Social Reform and Social Justice
493(1)
Gun Control
493(1)
Media Control
494(1)
Preventing War
494(2)
Policy Issues: Should We Set a Goal of Worldwide Nuclear Disarmament?
496(4)
Linkages
500(1)
Summary
500(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
501(1)
Study and Review
502(4)
Education, Science, and Technology
506(39)
Myths and Facts: About Education, Science, and Technology
508(1)
Growth of Education and Technology
508(2)
Perspectives on Education, Science, and Technology
510(3)
The Functionalist Perspective
510(2)
The Conflict Perspective
512(1)
The Interactionist Perspective
513(1)
Problems in Education
513(7)
The Credentials Race
514(1)
Applied Research: Evaluating the Equality of Educational Opportunities in the United States
515(1)
Tracking
516(1)
Effectiveness: Low Performance and Dropouts
517(1)
Race, Ethnicity, and Segregation
518(2)
Violence in the Schools
520(1)
Problems of Science and Technology
520(8)
Unemployment
522(1)
Alienation
522(1)
Loss of Control
522(2)
Loss of Privacy
524(1)
Should We Play God? The Case of Genetic Engineering
525(3)
Future Prospects
528(10)
Reforms and Trends in Education
528(2)
Policy Issues: Biotechnology Raises the Issue: Whose Life Is It, Anyway?
530(2)
International Perspectives: Education in Other Societies
532(2)
Science and Technology
534(4)
Linkages
538(1)
Summary
538(1)
Researching Social Problems on the Internet
539(1)
Study and Review
539(6)
Glossary545(8)
Bibliography553(33)
Photo Credits586(1)
Name Index587(8)
Subject Index595

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