Rent 9780618223190 | Introduction to Physical Science

Summary Table of Contents

This text presents a survey of the physical sciences for non-science majors. Topics are treated both descriptively and quantitatively, providing flexibility for instructors who wish to emphasize a descriptive approach, a quantitative approach, or any spectrum in between. Concepts to be treated mathematically are consistently introduced from three perspectives. First, the concept is defined in words, as briefly as possible. Second, the definition is presented as an equation in word form. Finally, the concept is expressed in symbol notation.

Preface	p. xi
Measurement	p. 1
The Senses	p. 2
Introduction to the Scientific Method	p. 2
Standard Units and Systems of Units	p. 4
More on the Metric System	p. 7
Derived Units and Conversion Factors	p. 10
Significant Figures	p. 15
Powers-of-10 (Scientific) Notation	p. 16
Approach to Problem Solving	p.... MORE 18
Motion	p. 24
Defining Motion	p. 25
Speed and Velocity	p. 25
Acceleration	p. 29
Acceleration in Uniform Circular Motion	p. 34
Projectile Motion	p. 36
Force and Motion	p. 43
Newton's First Law of Motion	p. 44
Newton's Second Law of Motion	p. 47
Newton's Third Law of Motion	p. 51
Newton's Law of Gravitation	p. 53
Momentum	p. 59
Work and Energy	p. 69
Work	p. 70
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy	p. 72
Conservation of Energy	p. 76
Power	p. 78
Forms and Sources of Energy	p. 80
Temperature and Heat	p. 92
Temperature	p. 93
Heat	p. 95
Specific Heat and Latent Heat	p. 96
Heat Transfer	p. 103
Phases of Matter	p. 105
The Kinetic Theory of Gases	p. 107
Thermodynamics	p. 110
Waves	p. 121
Wave Properties	p. 122
Electromagnetic Waves	p. 125
Sound Waves	p. 127
The Doppler Effect	p. 133
Standing Waves and Resonance	p. 134
Wave Effects and Optics	p. 139
Reflection	p. 140
Refraction and Dispersion	p. 141
Polarization	p. 150
Diffraction and Interference	p. 152
Spherical Mirrors	p. 158
Lenses	p. 163
Electricity and Magnetism	p. 172
Electric Charge and Current	p. 173
Voltage and Electrical Power	p. 178
Simple Electric Circuits and Electrical Safety	p. 181
Magnetism	p. 187
Electromagnetism	p. 192
Atomic Physics	p. 204
Early Concepts of the Atom	p. 205
The Dual Nature of Light	p. 206
Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen Atom	p. 210
Microwave Ovens, X-Rays, and Lasers	p. 217
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle	p. 222
Matter Waves	p. 223
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom	p. 225
Nuclear Physics	p. 232
Symbols of the Elements	p. 233
The Atomic Nucleus	p. 233
Radioactivity and Half-Life	p. 239
Nuclear Reactions	p. 246
Nuclear Fission	p. 249
Nuclear Fusion	p. 254
Biological Effects of Radiation	p. 258
The Chemical Elements	p. 265
Classification of Matter	p. 266
Discovery of the Elements	p. 269
Occurrence of the Elements	p. 271
The Periodic Table	p. 275
Naming Compounds	p. 281
Groups of Elements	p. 283
Chemical Bonding	p. 293
Law of Conservation of Mass	p. 294
Law of Definite Proportions	p. 294
Dalton's Atomic Theory	p. 297
Ionic Bonding	p. 298
Covalent Bonding	p. 305
Hydrogen Bonding	p. 314
Chemical Reactions	p. 321
Balancing Chemical Equations	p. 322
Energy and Rate of Reaction	p. 325
Acids and Bases	p. 331
Single-Replacement Reactions	p. 339
Avogadro's Number	p. 344
Organic Chemistry	p. 349
Bonding in Organic Compounds	p. 350
Aromatic Hydrocarbons	p. 351
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons	p. 352
Derivatives of Hydrocarbons	p. 359
Synthetic Polymers	p. 369
The Solar System	p. 380
The Solar System: An Overview	p. 381
The Planet Earth	p. 388
The Terrestrial Planets	p. 392
The Jovian Planets and Pluto	p. 398
Other Solar System Objects	p. 407
The Origin of the Solar System	p. 411
Other Planetary Systems	p. 413
Place and Time	p. 421
Cartesian Coordinates	p. 422
Latitude and Longitude	p. 422
Time	p. 425
The Seasons	p. 432
Precession of Earth's Axis	p. 435
The Calendar	p. 436
The Moon	p. 443
General Features	p. 444
Composition and History of the Moon	p. 446
Lunar Motions	p. 449
Phases of the Moon	p. 450
Eclipses	p. 454
Ocean Tides	p. 457
The Universe	p. 466
The Sun	p. 467
The Celestial Sphere	p. 472
Stars	p. 474
Gravitational Collapse and Black Holes	p. 482
Galaxies	p. 484
Quasars	p. 489
Cosmology	p. 490
The Atmosphere	p. 500
Composition and Structure	p. 501
Atmospheric Energy Content	p. 505
Atmospheric Measurements and Observations	p. 508
Air Motion	p. 518
Clouds	p. 522
Atmospheric Effects	p. 530
Condensation and Precipitation	p. 531
Air Masses	p. 533
Storms	p. 536
Atmospheric Pollution	p. 545
Pollution and Climate	p. 550
Minerals and Rocks	p. 557
Minerals	p. 558
Rocks	p. 562
Igneous Rocks	p. 565
Igneous Activity	p. 569
Sedimentary Rocks	p. 576
Metamorphic Rocks	p. 581
Structural Geology	p. 587
Continental Drift and Seafloor Spreading	p. 588
Plate Tectonics	p. 591
Earthquakes and Earth's Interior	p. 595
Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building	p. 605
Surface Processes	p. 613
Weathering	p. 614
Erosion	p. 616
Groundwater	p. 624
Shoreline and Seafloor Topography	p. 627
Geologic Time	p. 633
Fossils	p. 634
Relative Geologic Time	p. 636
Radiometric Dating	p. 640
The Age of Earth	p. 644
The Geologic Time Scale	p. 646
Appendixes
The Seven Base Units of the International System of Units (SI)	p. 1
Solving Mathematical Problems in Science	p. 1
Equation Rearrangement	p. 2
Analysis of Units	p. 6
Positive and Negative Numbers	p. 7
Powers-of-10 Notation	p. 8
Significant Figures	p. 10
Psychrometric Tables	p. 12
Glossary	p. 14
Photo Credits	p. 31
Index	p. 1
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