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Introduction to Logic And Critical Thinking
ISBN: 9780534626631 | 0534626637
Edition: 5thFormat: Paperback
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Pub. Date: 3/23/2006
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This text offers a balanced treatment of reasoning in ordinary language and formal techniques that enhance understanding of reasoning. The text begins with an extensive treatment of inductive reasoning that includes inductive generalizations and causal arguments. Since students are already familiar with these types of arguments in everyday life, they can appreciate the point of studying them in a systematic way. The text contains many timely features, lively and straightforward prose, and numerous examples and exercises drawn from many areas of... MORE
| Preface | |
| Introduction to Arguments | |
| Introduction | |
| Arguments | |
| Recognizing Arguments | |
| Extended Arguments | |
| Reconstructing Arguments | |
| Review | |
| Paying Special Attention to the Language of Arguments | |
| Introduction | |
| Ambiguity | |
| Vagueness | |
| Defini... MORE | |
| Use and Mention | |
| Review | |
| Deductive Arguments, Inductive Arguments, and Fallacies | |
| Introduction | |
| Deductive Arguments | |
| Inductive Arguments | |
| Fallacies | |
| Review | |
| A Closer Look At Inductive Arguments | |
| Introduction | |
| Statistical Syllogisms | |
| Arguments from analogy | |
| Arguments Based on samples | |
| Extended Inductive Arguments | |
| Pro and Con Arguments | |
| Review | |
| Causal Arguments | |
| Introduction | |
| Mill's Methods for Establishing Casual Claim | |
| Controlled Experiments | |
| Hume's Analysis of Causation | |
| Casual Fallacies | |
| Review | |
| Probabilities and Inductive Logic | |
| Introduction | |
| The Rules of Probability | |
| Using Probabilities to Plan a Course of Action-Decision The ory | |
| Review | |
| Confirmation of Hypotheses | |
| Hypotheses | |
| The Hypothetico-Deductive Method | |
| Complexities in the Hypothetico-Deductive Method | |
| Incremental Confirmation and "Absolute" Confirmation | |
| Disconfirmation | |
| Bayesian Confirmation | |
| Review | |
| Deductive Reasoning?Sentential Logic | |
| Introduction | |
| Properties of Deductive Arguments: Validity and the Importance of Logical Form | |
| Conditional Sentences | |
| Two Conditional Argument Forms | |
| Fallacies Associated with these Conditional Forms | |
| Additional Forms of Sentential Arguments | |
| Symbolizing Connectives | |
| Symbolizing English Sentences | |
| Determining the Truth Values of Compound Sentence Forms Determining the Validity of Invalidity of Argument Forms | |
| Taulologies, Self-Contradictions, and Contingent Sentences | |
| Review | |
| Categorical Syllogisms | |
| Introduction | |
| Categorical Sentences | |
| Translating English Sentences Into Standard Categorical Forms | |
| Testing for Validity with Venn Diagrams | |
| Distribution of Terms-Fallacies of Distribution | |
| Other Ways to test the Validity of Syllogisms | |
| Reducing the Number of Terms in Syllogisms | |
| Reconstructing Ordinary-Language Arguments as Syllogisms | |
| Quasi Syllogism and Sorites | |
| Review | |
| Arguments In Which Validity Depends On Relationships | |
| Introduction | |
| Examples of Relational Arguments | |
| Important Properties of Relationships | |
| Using Quantifiers to Express Relationships | |
| Symbolizing Arguments | |
| Review | |
| Appendix One: Proof Method for Truth-Functional Logic | |
| Appendix Two: Index of Fallacies | |
| Bibliography | |
| Solutions to Even-numbered Exercises | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
