Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Introduction To Law Enforcement And Criminal Justice

by: Wrobleski,Henry M.

Introduction To Law Enforcement And Criminal Justice

by: Wrobleski,Henry M.

ISBN 13:
9780534646684
ISBN 10:
0534646689
Edition: 8th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 03/23/2005
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Newer Edition

Rent

Sorry, this item is currently unavailable.

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

Extend or Purchase Your Rental at Any Time

Need to keep your rental past your due date? At any time before your due date you can extend or purchase your rental through your account.

Summary

The strength of this book is that it provides coverage of both law enforcement and the criminal justice system in one convenient text. No other text offers a similar hybrid. Wrobleski and Hess offer a practical, yet comprehensive, approach and emphasize the law enforcement perspective as they examine the role of police in the criminal justice system. Another key strength of this book is that it has an easily accessible writing style and extensive pedagogy.

Preface

xvi

SECTION I: THE EVOLUTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE

(112)

A Brief History: The Evolution of Law and Our Criminal Justice System

(38)

Introduction

(1)

Primitive and Ancient Law

(2)

Egypt

(1)

Greece

(1)

Rome

(1)

English Law and Law Enforcement

(6)

The Anglo-Saxons and the Tithing System

(1)

The Norman Frankpledge System

(1)

The Twelfth Century

(1)

The Magna Carta

(1)

The Next 500 Years

(2)

Henry Fielding and the Bow Street Runners

(1)

Peelian Reform

(1)

London Metropolitan Police (1829)

(1)

City and Borough Police Forces (1835)

(1)

Women Enter Law Enforcement

(1)

Early Law Enforcement in the United States

(4)

The First U.S. Police Forces

(1)

Slave Patrols

(1)

Evolution of the City Police

(1)

The Vigilante Movement

(1)

Establishment of Federal Agencies

(4)

The Department of Justice

(1)

The Department of the Treasury

(1)

Other Federal Law Enforcement Agencies

(1)

Current Organization

(1)

Establishment of State Agencies

(2)

Development of County Agencies

(1)

The County Sheriff

(1)

The County Police

(1)

The Coroner or Medical Examiner

(1)

Development of Local Agencies

(1)

District and Special Township Police

(1)

The Constable

(1)

The Marshal

(1)

Municipal Police

(1)

Overlap

(1)

The Three Eras of Policing

(10)

The Political Era (1840--1930)

(3)

The Reform or Professional Era (1930--1980)

(5)

The Community Era (1980--Present)

(1)

The Evolution of Our Juvenile Justice System

(4)

The Puritan Emphasis

(1)

Providing a Refuge

(1)

The Juvenile Court

(3)

A Brief Recap of U.S. Policing

(1)

Summary

(4)

The American Quest for Freedom and Justice: Our Laws

(27)

Introduction

(1)

The Declaration of Independence

(1)

Types of Law

(2)

Social or Moral Law

(1)

Precedents: Common Law and Case Law

(1)

Statutory Law

(1)

Equity

(1)

Constitutional Law

(1)

Order of Authority of Law

(1)

The Bill of Rights

(10)

The First Amendment

(1)

The Second Amendment

(1)

The Fourth Amendment

(1)

The Fifth Amendment

(2)

The Sixth Amendment

(2)

The Eighth Amendment

(1)

The Ninth Amendment

(1)

The Tenth Amendment

(1)

The Fourteenth Amendment

(1)

Criminal Law

(3)

Proving That a Crime Has Been Committed

(1)

Civil Law and Torts

(2)

The Law Enforcement Officer and Civil Liability

(2)

Police Power

(2)

The Needs of Society and the Rights of the Individual

(1)

Conflict Theory

(1)

Consensus Theory

(1)

Crime Control versus Due Process

(1)

Summary

(4)

Crime in the United States---Offenders and Victims

(45)

Introduction

(1)

Sources of Information on Crime

(7)

The Media

(1)

Self-Report Surveys

(1)

Official Sources

(6)

Classification and Definitions of Major Crimes

(16)

Violent Crimes

(1)

Crimes against Property

(3)

Part II Index Crimes

(1)

Other Crimes

(12)

Offenders---What Leads People to Commit Crime?

(7)

Theories of Criminality and Causes of Crime

(1)

The Influence of Biology

(1)

The Influence of the Environment

(3)

Career Criminals or Recidivists

(1)

Juvenile Offenders

(2)

Victims of Crime and Violence

(10)

Types of Victims

(1)

Victimization Factors---Who Is at Risk?

(1)

Other Factors in Victimization

100

(1)

Effects of Victimization

100

(1)

Fear of Victimization

101

(1)

The ``Second Wound'': Further Victimization by the Criminal Justice System

101

(1)

Assisting Victims---Historical Overview

102

(1)

Crime Victims' Rights

103

(1)

Should the U.S. Constitution Be Amended to Include Victims' Rights?

104

(1)

Programs and Services for Crime Victims

105

(3)

A Parallel Justice System for Victims?

108

(1)

The Role of the Police

108

(1)

Police Officers as Victims

109

(1)

Summary

110

(3)

SECTION II: CONTEMPORARY LAW ENFORCEMENT

113

(130)

Contemporary Policing: An Overview

115

(28)

Introduction

116

(1)

Why We Have Police

117

(1)

What Police Do

117

(1)

Policing and the People

118

(1)

Traditional Goals of Policing

119

(4)

Enforcing Laws

119

(1)

Preserving the Peace

120

(1)

Preventing Crime

120

(1)

Protecting Constitutional Rights

121

(1)

Providing Services

122

(1)

Contemporary Goals Resulting from Community Policing

123

(1)

Organization of the Department

123

(2)

Administrative Services

125

(6)

Communications

125

(4)

Records

129

(2)

Field Services

131

(1)

Patrol

131

(1)

Traffic

131

(1)

Investigation

132

(1)

Community Service/Community Relations

132

(1)

Specialized Officers

132

(1)

Rural Policing

132

(1)

The Police Subculture

133

(1)

Styles of Policing

134

(3)

Stereotypes

135

(2)

The Police Image

137

(2)

Factors Influencing Police Image

138

(1)

The Importance of Image

139

(1)

How the Public Really Feels about the Police

139

(1)

Summary

140

(3)

Community Policing, Problem-Solving Policing and Service

143

(38)

Introduction

144

(1)

Community Policing Defined

144

(1)

Historical Roots of Community Policing

145

(1)

The Importance of Community

145

(4)

Social Capital

146

(1)

Lack of Community

147

(2)

Involving and Educating Citizens

149

(1)

Civilian Review Boards

149

(1)

Citizen Patrols

149

(1)

Citizen Police Academies

150

(1)

Ride-Along Programs

150

(1)

Partnerships

150

(8)

Cooperative Policing

155

(1)

School/Law Enforcement/Community Partnerships

155

(1)

Partnerships with the Media

155

(2)

Community Policing, Partnerships and the Decrease in Crime

157

(1)

Problem-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving

158

(4)

The Crime Triangle

161

(1)

Common Mistakes in Problem Solving

162

(1)

Implementing Community Policing

162

(2)

Analyzing the Community

163

(1)

The Effect of Implementing Community Policing

164

(1)

A Community Service Orientation

164

(3)

Providing Emergency Services

165

(2)

Other Community Services

167

(1)

Youth Programs

167

(3)

The PAL Program

167

(1)

School Resource Officers

168

(1)

Operation CleanSweep

168

(1)

McGruff

168

(1)

Police Explorers

169

(1)

Dare

169

(1)

Other Programs

169

(1)

Community Crime Prevention Programs

170

(2)

Neighborhood or Block Watch Programs

170

(1)

Operation Identification Programs

170

(1)

Home Security

171

(1)

Store Security

171

(1)

Automobile Security

171

(1)

What Works/What Doesn't

172

(1)

Services and Programs That Implement Community Policing

173

(1)

Challenges to Community Policing

173

(1)

Resistance and Misguided Perceptions

174

(1)

Benefits of Community Policing to Officers

174

(1)

Serving and Protecting Our Increasingly Diverse Population

174

(3)

The Growing Elderly Population

175

(1)

The Growing Minority Population

175

(1)

The Growing Immigrant Population

175

(1)

The Growing Homeless Population

176

(1)

The Growing Number of Individuals with AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases

176

(1)

The Growing Number of Individuals with Disabilities

177

(1)

The Widening Gap between the Rich and the Poor

177

(1)

Summary

177

(4)

Patrol: The Backbone of Policing

181

(34)

Introduction

182

(1)

Patrol Officer Responsibilities

182

(1)

Management of Patrol Operations

183

(1)

Types of Patrol

184

(5)

General Patrol

184

(1)

Random/Preventive Patrol

184

(2)

Directed Patrol

186

(3)

Activities While on Patrol

189

(2)

Calls for Service

189

(1)

Self-Initiated Tasks

190

(1)

Administrative Duties

190

(1)

A Demanding Role

191

(1)

Methods of Patrol

191

(8)

Foot Patrol

191

(1)

Automobile Patrol

192

(1)

Motorcycle Patrol

193

(1)

Bicycle Patrol

193

(2)

Segways

195

(1)

Mounted Patrol

196

(1)

Air Patrol

196

(1)

Water Patrol

197

(1)

Special-Terrain Patrol

197

(1)

Combination Patrol

198

(1)

High Visibility versus Low Visibility

198

(1)

The Traffic Division: An Overview

199

(1)

Enforcing Traffic Laws

199

(9)

Selective Traffic Enforcement

199

(1)

Speeding

200

(1)

Red Light Running

201

(1)

Nonuse of Seat Belts

201

(1)

Aggressive Driving and Road Rage

202

(1)

Driving under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs

202

(3)

The Traffic Stop

205

(1)

Racial Profiling

206

(1)

Traffic Enforcement and the Apprehension of Criminals

207

(1)

Directing and Controlling Traffic

208

(1)

Assisting at and Investigating Traffic Crashes

208

(2)

Responsibilities of the Officer Called to a Crash Scene

209

(1)

Crash Reconstruction

209

(1)

The Traffic Program

210

(1)

Public Education Programs

210

(1)

Patrol and Community Policing

210

(1)

Summary

211

(4)

Specialized Roles of Police

215

(28)

Introduction

216

(1)

Investigation

216

(11)

Forensic Science

216

(1)

The Investigator

217

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation

217

(1)

The Follow-Up Investigation

218

(1)

Investigative Responsibilities

218

(8)

Crime Scene Investigation Units

226

(1)

Case Management/Investigation

226

(1)

The Internet

226

(1)

Community Policing and Investigation

227

(1)

Profilers

227

(1)

Psychics

228

(1)

Intelligence Officers

228

(3)

Undercover Officers

228

(2)

Internal Affairs

230

(1)

Juvenile Officers

231

(1)

Vice Officers

232

(3)

Illegal and Legal Gambling

233

(1)

Prostitution and Pornography

234

(1)

SWAT Officers

235

(2)

K-9 Assisted Officers

237

(2)

K-9 Case Law

238

(1)

Reserve Officers

239

(1)

Summary

239

(4)

SECTION III: CHALLENGES TO THE PROFESSION

243

(198)

Policing within the Law

245

(39)

Introduction

246

(1)

The Fourth Amendment

247

(2)

Reasonable

247

(1)

Probable Cause

248

(1)

Stop and Frisk

249

(4)

Plain View and Plain Feel/Touch

252

(1)

Roadblocks and Checkpoints

253

(1)

Field Detention

254

(1)

Lawful Searches

255

(12)

Searches Conducted with a Warrant

255

(2)

Searches Conducted without a Warrant

257

(10)

Limitations on Searches

267

(1)

Lawful Arrests

267

(2)

Elements of Criminal Arrest

267

(1)

Arrest Warrants

267

(1)

Arrests without a Warrant

267

(2)

Right to Resist Arrest

269

(1)

De Facto Arrests

269

(1)

Protecting a Suspect's Rights---The Miranda Warning

269

(6)

Waiving the Right

273

(1)

The Public Safety Exception

273

(1)

Protecting the Rights of Foreign Nationals

274

(1)

Involuntary Confessions

274

(1)

Entrapment

275

(1)

A Recap of the Landmark Cases

275

(5)

Summary

280

(4)

Gangs and Drugs: Threats to Our National Security

284

(52)

Introduction

285

(1)

The Threat of Gangs

285

(1)

Gangs Defined

286

(1)

Types of Gangs

287

(1)

Racial or Ethnic Gangs

288

(5)

Hispanic Gangs

288

(1)

African American Gangs

288

(1)

Asian Gangs

289

(1)

White Ethnic Gangs

290

(1)

Motorcycle Gangs

290

(1)

Prison Gangs

290

(1)

Other Types of Gangs

290

(2)

Hybrid Gangs

292

(1)

Females and Gangs

292

(1)

Characteristics of Gangs

293

(2)

Leadership

293

(1)

Organization

293

(2)

Domain Identification

295

(1)

Criminal Activity

295

(1)

Identifying Gangs and Gang Members

295

(4)

Names

295

(1)

Symbols

295

(1)

Communication

296

(1)

Criteria for Identifying Gang Members

297

(1)

Stereotypes

298

(1)

The Gang Subculture

298

(1)

Why People Join Gangs

299

(3)

Risk Factors

301

(1)

Gang Control Strategies

302

(5)

Police Gang Units

304

(1)

Injunctions and Legislation

304

(2)

Gang Intelligence

306

(1)

School Programs

306

(1)

Gangs and Community Policing

307

(2)

Gangs and the Criminal Justice System

309

(1)

Prosecution Problems

309

(1)

The Enterprise Theory of Investigation

310

(1)

The Threat of Drugs

311

(2)

Studies on Current Drug Use

311

(2)

Narcotics, Marijuana and Other Dangerous Drugs

313

(4)

Narcotics

313

(1)

Marijuana

314

(1)

Other Dangerous Drugs

314

(3)

Alcohol

317

(2)

Illicit Drug Abuse and Crime

319

(2)

Drugs and Society

321

(1)

Drug Control

322

(9)

Crime Control

322

(3)

Punishment

325

(1)

Rehabilitation

326

(2)

Prevention

328

(1)

Legalization

329

(2)

The Need for a Combined Effort

331

(1)

Summary

331

(5)

Terrorism: The Newest Threat to Our National Security

336

(31)

Introduction

337

(1)

The Threat of Terrorism

337

(1)

Terrorism Defined

338

(1)

Classification of Terrorist Acts

339

(1)

Domestic Terrorism

339

(1)

International Terrorism

339

(1)

The Dual Threat

339

(1)

Motivations for Terrorism

339

(4)

White Supremacists

340

(1)

Black Supremacists

341

(1)

The Militia Movement

341

(1)

Other Right-Wing Extremists

341

(1)

Left-Wing Extremists

342

(1)

Pro-Life Extremists

342

(1)

Animal Rights Activists

342

(1)

Environmental Extremists

343

(1)

Methods Used by Terrorists

343

(4)

Explosives and Bombs

344

(1)

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

344

(2)

Technological Terrorism

346

(1)

A Brief Chronology of Terrorism---Past to Present

347

(1)

September 11, 2001

348

(3)

Why Did It Happen?

349

(1)

Who Was Responsible?

350

(1)

The U.S. Response---Detect, Prepare, Prevent, Protect, Respond and Recover

351

(2)

The Department of Homeland Security

351

(1)

The USA Patriot Act

352

(1)

The Critical Role of Local Law Enforcement in Homeland Security

353

(7)

Needed Training

354

(1)

Investigating Terrorist Acts

355

(1)

Community Policing and Homeland Security

356

(1)

Intelligence Gathering and Sharing

357

(3)

A New Kind of War---An Asymmetric War

360

(1)

Another Homeland Security Initiative: The Center for Food Protection and Defense

360

(1)

The Role of the Media in the War on Terrorism

361

(1)

Concerns Related to the War on Terrorism

361

(2)

Concern for Civil Rights

361

(1)

Retaliation or Discrimination against People of Middle Eastern Descent

362

(1)

Summary

363

(4)

Issues Concerning Police Conduct

367

(37)

Introduction

367

(1)

Discretion

368

(1)

Discrimination or Disparity in Policing: Gender, Class and Race Issues

369

(6)

Gender Issues

370

(1)

Class Issues

371

(1)

Racial Issues

371

(1)

Racial Profiling

372

(3)

Use of Force

375

(8)

The Use of Force Continuum

377

(1)

Reasonable Force

378

(1)

Excessive Force

379

(1)

Less-Lethal Force

379

(3)

Deadly Force

382

(1)

Police Pursuits

383

(5)

To Pursue or Not to Pursue

384

(2)

Pursuit Policies

386

(1)

Liability in Police Pursuits

387

(1)

Civil Liability

388

(3)

Reducing Civil Liability

390

(1)

Corruption, Ethics and Integrity---Where to Draw the Line

391

(8)

What Constitutes Corruption?

392

(1)

How Corruption Arises and Perpetuates

393

(4)

How Police Learn about Ethics

397

(1)

The Importance of Police Integrity and Core Virtues

397

(1)

Building an Ethical Department

398

(1)

Summary

399

(5)

Departmental Issues

404

(37)

Introduction

405

(1)

Evaluating and Selecting an Agency for Employment

405

(1)

The Recruiting Process

406

(4)

Desired Qualities of Law Enforcement Officers

407

(1)

Finding Qualified Applicants

407

(1)

Recruiting Minorities

408

(1)

Recruiting Women

408

(2)

The Selection Process

410

(9)

The Formal Application---Basic Requirements to Become a Police Officer

410

(3)

The Written Examination

413

(1)

Physical Fitness Tests

414

(1)

Psychological Testing

414

(1)

The Interview

414

(2)

The Background Investigation

416

(1)

Testing or Assessment Centers

417

(1)

The Medical Examination

418

(1)

The Law Enforcement Candidate Ride-Along

418

(1)

The Human Resource Roundtable

418

(1)

The Final Result

419

(1)

Federal Guidelines and Regulations

419

(2)

Equal Employment Opportunity Act

419

(1)

Affirmative Action

419

(2)

Americans with Disabilities Act

421

(1)

Probation and Training

421

(2)

Failure to Train

423

(1)

Retention

423

(4)

Salary and Benefits

424

(1)

Promotional Opportunities

425

(1)

Stress and Burnout

425

(2)

Civilian Review Boards

427

(1)

Sexual Harassment

428

(1)

Unions

429

(1)

Privatization of Criminal Justice

430

(1)

Moonlighting

431

(1)

Accreditation

432

(4)

Police Professionalism

436

(1)

Sociological Elements of Professionalism

436

(1)

The Final Analysis---Does Law Enforcement Qualify?

436

(1)

Summary

437

(4)

SECTION IV: LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

441

(49)

Courts and Corrections: Law Enforcement's Partners in the Criminal Justice System

443

(47)

Introduction

444

(1)

The Police as Gatekeepers to the Criminal Justice System

445

(1)

An American Courtroom

446

(1)

The Court System: An Overview

446

(4)

The State Court System

446

(1)

The Federal Court System

447

(1)

The Supreme Court

447

(3)

Specialized Courts

450

(4)

Community Courts

450

(1)

Tribal Courts

450

(1)

Drug Courts

451

(1)

Gun Courts

451

(1)

Domestic Violence (DV) Courts

452

(1)

Mental Health Courts

452

(1)

Juvenile Courts

452

(2)

The Adversary System

454

(1)

Key Players in the Judicial Process

455

(4)

The Defendant

455

(2)

The Prosecutor

457

(1)

The Defense Attorney

458

(1)

Judges

458

(1)

Critical Stages in the Criminal Justice Process

459

(4)

Bail and Writ of Habeas Corpus

460

(1)

Plea Bargaining

461

(1)

The Preliminary Hearing

461

(1)

The Grand Jury

462

(1)

The Coroner's Jury

462

(1)

The Arraignment

462

(1)

Alternatives to a Trial---Diversion

463

(1)

The Trial

463

(3)

Jury Selection

463

(1)

Testimony

464

(1)

Closing Statements and Jury Deliberation

465

(1)

Sentencing

466

(2)

Three-Strikes Laws, Mandatory Minimums and Truth-in-Sentencing

467

(1)

Case Review and Appeal

468

(1)

The Corrections System: An Overview

468

(1)

Purposes of Corrections

468

(1)

Purposes of Juvenile Corrections

469

(1)

Probation

469

(2)

Who Gets Probation?

470

(1)

Conditions of Probation

470

(1)

Partnerships between Law Enforcement and Probation Services

470

(1)

The Growing Use of Probation

470

(1)

Intermediate Sanctions/Community Corrections

471

(1)

Intermediate Sanctions for Juveniles

472

(1)

Boot Camps

472

(1)

Incarceration

473

(3)

Jails

474

(1)

Prisons

474

(2)

Parole

476

(1)

Community-Based Reintegration Programs

477

(1)

Halfway Houses

477

(1)

Restitution Centers

477

(1)

Other Reintegration Methods

477

(1)

Recidivism

478

(1)

The Death Penalty versus Life without Parole

478

(2)

The Restorative Justice Model

480

(2)

Community Corrections and the Role of Police

482

(1)

Community Justice

482

(2)

A Look to the Future

484

(2)

Summary

486

(4)

Glossary

490

(12)

Author Index

502

(4)

Subject Index

506

(14)

Photo Credits

520

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Introduction To Law Enforcement And Criminal Justice

Introduction To Law Enforcement And Criminal Justice

9780534646684

0534646689

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Introduction To Law Enforcement And Criminal Justice

Introduction To Law Enforcement And Criminal Justice

9780534646684

0534646689

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Related Products