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Introduction to Law

ISBN: 9780130138293 | 0130138290
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2002

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SummaryTable of Contents
For courses in Introduction to Law, Introduction to American Law, and Introduction to Paralegalism. This book provides students with an interesting introduction to law presented in an effective skill-building format. It explains the basics of the U.S. legal system, focusing first on organization and operation, then introducing students to the major areas of law practice and the legal principles that apply. Throughout the text, legal concepts are defined and explored in a clear, concise mannerwith numerous hypothetical case examples to demonstra... MORE
Prefacexi
Acknowledgmentsxv
About the Authorsxvii
PART ONE: THE LEGAL SYSTEM
The Legal Community and Professional Responsibility
1... MORE
Chapter Outline
1(1)
Technology Corner
1(1)
Case File: People v. Terry Jacobs
2(1)
Introduction
2(1)
The Legal Profession
3(1)
Lawyers
3(1)
The Practice of Law
3(1)
The Paralegal Profession
4(7)
Paralegals in the Legal Environment
4(2)
Independent Paralegals
6(1)
Regulation of Paralegals
6(2)
Paralegal Education
8(1)
Paralegals as Professionals
9(2)
Legal Support Staff
11(2)
Legal Secretaries
11(1)
Law Clerks
12(1)
Other Support Staff
12(1)
Court Personnel
13(1)
Judges
13(1)
Court Clerks
13(1)
Court Reporters
13(1)
Bailiffs
13(1)
Agency Personnel
14(1)
Professional Organizations
14(2)
American Bar Association (ABA)
14(1)
State Bar Associations
15(1)
Local Bar Associations
15(1)
American Trial Lawyers Association (ATLA)
15(1)
National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA)
15(1)
National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA)
15(1)
American Association for Paralegal Education (AAfPE)
15(1)
Local Paralegal Associations
16(1)
Ethical Responsibilities
16(6)
Confidentiality
17(1)
Competency
17(1)
Conflict of Interest
17(1)
Attorney Fees and Trust Accounts
18(1)
Diligence
19(1)
Communication with Opposing Parties
19(1)
Unauthorized Practice of Law
19(3)
Featured Web Site
22(1)
Chapter Summary
22(1)
Terms to Remember
22(1)
Questions for Review
22(1)
Questions for Analysis
23(1)
Assignments and Projects
23(1)
The American Legal System
24(22)
Chapter Outline
24(1)
Technology Corner
24(1)
Case File: The Eberhardt Matters
25(1)
Introduction
25(1)
Federalism--The Relationship Between Federal and State Government
26(7)
Powers of the Federal Government
26(2)
Powers of the State Government
28(1)
Exclusive and Concurrent Powers of Federal and State Governments
29(1)
Conflicts Between Federal and State Law--The Supremacy Clause
29(4)
The Federal Government and the Legal System
33(1)
Executive Branch
33(1)
Legislative Branch
33(1)
Judicial Branch
34(1)
State Governments and the Legal System
34(3)
The Courts and Their Roles
37(7)
The Federal Court System
37(1)
Federal District Courts
37(2)
Federal Appellate Courts
39(2)
The U.S. Supreme Court
41(1)
The Courts and Technology
42(1)
Federal Judges
43(1)
State Court Systems
43(1)
State Court Judges
44(1)
Featured Web Site
44(1)
Chapter Summary
44(1)
Terms to Remember
44(1)
Questions for Review
44(1)
Questions for Analysis
45(1)
Assignments and Projects
45(1)
Laws: Their Sources
46(18)
Chapter Outline
46(1)
Technology Corner
46(1)
Case File: People v. Hardtack
47(1)
Introduction
47(1)
Constitutional Law
47(2)
The Federal Constitution
48(1)
State Constitutions
48(1)
Case Law
49(10)
Common Law
49(1)
Case Law--Interpretation of Constitutional and Statutory Law
49(3)
Case Law--The Power to Invalidate Statutory Law
52(4)
Case Law--The Factual Controversy
56(2)
Stare Decisis
58(1)
Statutory Law
59(1)
The Legislative Process--The Federal Government
59(1)
The Legislative Process--States
60(1)
Administrative Regulations
60(2)
Featured Web Site
62(1)
Chapter Summary
62(1)
Terms to Remember
63(1)
Questions for Review
63(1)
Questions for Analysis
63(1)
Assignments and Projects
63(1)
Finding the Law: Legal Research
64(20)
Chapter Outline
64(1)
Technology Corner
64(1)
Case File: The Welch Family Law Matter
64(1)
Introduction
65(1)
Before You Begin
65(3)
Know the Facts
66(1)
Analyze the Facts
66(1)
Identify the Issues
67(1)
Use the Relevant Facts Define the Issues
67(1)
Sort the Facts
67(1)
Where to Begin the Research
68(5)
Dictionaries
68(1)
Encyclopedias
68(4)
Form Books
72(1)
Legal Periodicals
72(1)
Treatises
72(1)
Digests
72(1)
Case Law
73(8)
What is a Case?
73(1)
Where to Find Case Law
73(1)
Federal Case Law
74(1)
State Case Law
75(1)
How to Read and Use Case Law
75(6)
Statutory Law
81(1)
Using Statutory Law
81(1)
Featured Web Site
82(1)
Chapter Summary
82(1)
Terms to Remember
82(1)
Questions for Review
82(1)
Questions for Analysis
82(1)
Assignments and Projects
83(1)
Using the Law: Analysis and Legal Writing
84(23)
Chapter Outline
84(1)
Technology Corner
84(1)
Case File: The Tran Family Law Matter
84(1)
Introduction
85(1)
Approaching a Legal Research and Writing Project
85(8)
Overview
85(1)
Preparing a First Draft
86(2)
Beginning the Writing Process
88(3)
Editing and Revision Process
91(1)
Keeping Legal Writing Simple
92(1)
The Case Brief
93(6)
The Components of a Case Brief
93(5)
How to Write a Case Brief
98(1)
The Legal Memorandum
99(5)
Writing a Legal Memorandum
99(1)
Citing Authorities
100(4)
Persuasive Writing
104(1)
Featured Web Site
105(1)
Chapter Summary
106(1)
Terms to Remember
106(1)
Questions for Review
106(1)
Questions for Analysis
106(1)
Assignments and Projects
106(1)
PART TWO: LEGAL PRACTICE AND PRINCIPLES
Laws: Civil vs. Criminal
107(22)
Chapter Outline
107(1)
Technology Corner
107(1)
Case File: United States v. Hardtack and Martinez v. Hardtack
108(1)
Introduction
108(1)
Where Criminal and Civil Laws Are Found
109(10)
Substantive Laws--Criminal
110(1)
Substantive Laws--Civil
111(4)
Procedural Rules--Criminal
115(1)
Procedural Rules--Civil
115(4)
How Criminal and Civil Cases Are Handled
119(7)
The Parties
119(1)
The Court
120(1)
The Right to a Jury
120(1)
The Right to an Attorney
121(1)
Burden of Proof
121(1)
The Verdict
122(1)
The Punishment
122(1)
The Right to Appeal
123(3)
Quasi-Criminal Cases
126(1)
Featured Web Site
127(1)
Chapter Summary
127(1)
Terms to Remember
127(1)
Questions for Review
127(1)
Questions for Analysis
128(1)
Assignments and Projects
128(1)
Personal Injury Practice: Tort Law and Workers' Compensation
129(28)
Chapter Outline
129(1)
Technology Corner
129(1)
Case File: The Greenly Personal Injury Case
130(1)
Introduction
130(1)
Tort Law in General
130(1)
Intentional Torts
131(8)
Personal Torts
131(6)
Business Torts
137(1)
Property Torts
137(1)
Fraud
138(1)
Defenses to Intentional Torts
138(1)
Negligence
139(9)
Negligence in General
139(5)
Types of Negligence Actions
144(2)
Defenses to Negligence
146(2)
Strict Liability
148(1)
Dangerous Animals
148(1)
Ultrahazardous Activities
148(1)
Defective Products
149(1)
Defenses to Strict Liability
149(1)
Damages
149(3)
Liability for Torts of Another
152(1)
Personal Injury Practice
153(1)
Future of Tort Law and Personal Injury Practice
153(1)
Workers' Compensation
154(1)
Chapter Summary
154(1)
Featured Web Site
155(1)
Terms to Remember
155(1)
Questions for Review
156(1)
Questions for Analysis
156(1)
Assignments and Projects
156(1)
Family Law
157(22)
Chapter Outline
157(1)
Technology Corner
157(1)
Case File: The Holmes Family Law Matter
157(1)
Introduction
158(1)
Prenuptial Agreements
158(1)
Terminating a Marriage
159(1)
Nullity
159(1)
Divorce/Dissolution
159(1)
Legal Separation
159(1)
Child Custody
160(2)
Support
162(4)
Child Support
162(3)
Spousal Support
165(1)
Property Concerns
166(1)
Value and Division of Property
166(1)
Family Law Court Proceedings
167(8)
The Pleadings
167(1)
Motions and Orders
167(3)
Discovery
170(5)
Settlement and Trial
175(1)
Family Law Matters and Unmarried Parties
175(2)
Featured Web Site
177(1)
Chapter Summary
177(1)
Terms to Remember
177(1)
Questions for Review
177(1)
Questions for Analysis
177(1)
Assignments and Projects
178(1)
Wills, Trusts, and Probate
179(22)
Chapter Outline
179(1)
Technology Corner
179(1)
Case File: Holmes v. Holmes
179(1)
Introduction
180(1)
Wills
180(4)
Preparation of a Will
184(2)
The Opening Clauses
184(1)
The Body of the Will
184(1)
The Fiduciary Clause
185(1)
The Closing Clauses
185(1)
Changing the Will
185(1)
Where There Is No Will
185(1)
Trusts
186(1)
What Is a Trust?
186(1)
How to Create a Trust
186(1)
Express Trusts
187(1)
Implied Trusts
187(1)
Probate
187(1)
Case Law Examples
188(11)
Featured Web Site
199(1)
Chapter Summary
199(1)
Terms to Remember
199(1)
Questions for Review
199(1)
Questions for Analysis
199(1)
Assignments and Projects
200(1)
Business Practice: Contract Law and Property Law
201(32)
Chapter Outline
201(1)
Technology Corner
201(1)
Case File: The Kersch Matter
202(1)
Introduction
202(1)
Contract Law
202(8)
Formation of Contracts
203(3)
Performance of Contracts
206(3)
Assignment of Contract Rights
209(1)
Real Property Law
210(3)
Ownership Interests in Real Property
210(1)
Non-Ownership Interests in Real Property
211(1)
Landlord/Tenant Law
212(1)
Intellectual Property Law
213(18)
Copyright Law
213(2)
Patent Law
215(8)
Trademark Law
223(7)
Trade Secret Law
230(1)
Featured Web Site
231(1)
Chapter Summary
231(1)
Terms to Remember
231(1)
Questions for Review
232(1)
Questions for Analysis
232(1)
Assignments and Projects
232(1)
Business Practice: The Law of Business Organizations and Bankruptcy
233(23)
Chapter Outline
233(1)
Technology Corner
233(1)
Case File: The Hoppat's Business Matter
234(1)
Introduction
234(1)
Business Organizations
234(1)
Sole Proprietorships
234(1)
General Partnerships
235(1)
Limited Partnerships
236(1)
Corporations
236(9)
Business Corporations
238(3)
Professional Corporations
241(1)
Close Corporations vs. Public Corporations
242(1)
Nonprofit Corporations
242(1)
Piercing the Corporate Veil
242(1)
Security Regulations
243(1)
Corporate Practice
244(1)
Limited Liability Partnership
245(1)
Limited Liability Companies
245(1)
Bankruptcy Law
245(5)
Featured Web Site
250(4)
Chapter Summary
254(1)
Terms to Remember
254(1)
Questions for Review
254(1)
Questions for Analysis
255(1)
Assignments and Projects
255(1)
Criminal Practice: Criminal Law and Juvenile Law
256(23)
Chapter Outline
256(1)
Technology Corner
256(1)
Case File: The Simmons Criminal Matter
257(1)
Section I Criminal Law
257(1)
Introduction to Criminal Practice
257(1)
Purposes of Criminal Law
258(1)
Deterrence
258(1)
Rehabilitation
258(1)
Incapacitation
258(1)
Retribution
258(1)
The Elements of a Crime: Mens Rea and Actus Reus
258(6)
Mens Rea
258(1)
Actus Reus
259(4)
Concurrence of Mens Rea and Actus Reus
263(1)
Crimes
264(8)
Homicide
265(3)
Battery
268(1)
Assault
268(1)
Kidnapping and False Imprisonment
268(3)
Burglary
271(1)
Defenses to Criminal Charges
272(1)
Section II Juvenile Law
272(1)
Introduction to Juvenile Law
272(1)
The Juvenile Court
273(1)
Prosecution of Juvenile Offenders
273(4)
Featured Web Site
277(1)
Chapter Summary
277(1)
Terms to Remember
277(1)
Questions for Review
278(1)
Questions for Analysis
278(1)
Assignments and Projects
278(1)
Civil Procedure Before Trial
279(31)
Chapter Outline
279(1)
Technology Corner
279(1)
Case File: Martinez v. Hardtack and The City of Centerville
279(1)
Introduction to Civil Litigation
280(1)
Cause of Action
281(1)
Jurisdiction
281(6)
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
281(5)
Personal Jurisdiction
286(1)
In Rem Jurisdiction and Quasi in Rem Jurisdiction
287(1)
Venue
287(1)
Pleadings
287(13)
The Complaint
288(2)
The Summons
290(5)
Service of Process
295(3)
The Answer
298(2)
Motions and Demurrers
300(1)
Pretrial Motions
300(5)
Discovery
305(2)
Interrogatories
305(1)
Requests for Admissions
306(1)
Requests to Produce or Inspect
306(1)
Depositions
306(1)
Requests for Medical Examination
307(1)
Disclosure
307(1)
Pretrial Conferences and Settlement
307(1)
Featured Web Site
308(1)
Chapter Summary
308(1)
Terms to Remember
308(1)
Questions for Review
309(1)
Questions for Analysis
309(1)
Assignments and Projects
309(1)
Criminal Procedure Before Trial
310(38)
Chapter Outline
310(1)
Technology Corner
310(1)
Case File: The Darwood Criminal Matter
310(1)
Introduction to Criminal Procedure
311(1)
The Constitution and the Criminal Suspect
311(18)
Due Process
311(1)
Search and Seizure
311(6)
Probable Cause
317(1)
The Warrant Requirement
317(7)
Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement
324(1)
The Exclusionary Rule
324(1)
Arrest
324(5)
Interrogations and Confessions
329(2)
Right to Counsel
329(2)
Pretrial Activities
331(15)
Discovery and Investigation
331(1)
The Arrest
331(1)
The Complaint
332(7)
The Initial Appearance
339(1)
The Preliminary Hearing
339(1)
Formal Charges
340(1)
Formal Discovery
341(2)
Pretrial Motions
343(3)
Featured Web Site
346(1)
Chapter Summary
346(1)
Terms to Remember
347(1)
Questions for Review
347(1)
Questions for Analysis
347(1)
Assignments and Projects
347(1)
Alternative Dispute Resolution
348(17)
Chapter Outline
348(1)
Technology Corner
348(1)
Case File: The Graham Automobile Accident
348(1)
Introduction
349(1)
Binding ADR vs. Nonbinding ADR
349(1)
Negotiation
349(3)
Arbitration
352(5)
Mediation
357(1)
Mini-Trials
357(1)
Court-Related ADR
358(1)
Private Judges
358(3)
Special Masters and Discovery Referees
361(1)
ADR and Criminal Law
361(1)
Arbitrators, Mediators, and Other Neutrals
362(1)
Featured Web Site
363(1)
Chapter Summary
363(1)
Terms to Remember
364(1)
Questions for Review
364(1)
Questions for Analysis
364(1)
Assignments and Projects
364(1)
Rules of Evidence
365(14)
Chapter Outline
365(1)
Technology Corner
365(1)
Case File: The Rutherford Matter
365(1)
Introduction
366(1)
What Is Evidence?
366(5)
Testimony of a Witness
366(1)
Exhibits
367(3)
Stipulated Facts
370(1)
Judicial Notice
370(1)
Types of Evidence
371(1)
Direct Evidence
371(1)
Circumstantial Evidence
371(1)
Relevancy
372(1)
Impeachment
373(1)
Hearsay
373(4)
Featured Web Site
377(1)
Chapter Summary
377(1)
Terms to Remember
378(1)
Questions for Review
378(1)
Questions for Analysis
378(1)
Assignments and Projects
378(1)
The Trial
379(23)
Chapter Outline
379(1)
Technology Corner
379(1)
Case File: The Ace Auto Repair Matter
379(1)
Introduction
380(1)
Roles of Trial Participants
380(1)
Pretrial Motions
381(2)
Jury Selection
383(3)
Jury Questionnaire
383(3)
Voir Dire
386(1)
Opening Statements
386(3)
Plaintiff's Case in Chief
389(1)
Burden of Proof
389(1)
Examination of Witnesses
389(1)
Defendant's Case
390(1)
Examination of Witnesses
390(1)
Plaintiff's Rebuttal Case
391(1)
Closing Arguments
391(3)
Judge's Instructions to the Jury
394(5)
Jury Deliberations and Verdict
399(1)
Featured Web Site
399(1)
Chapter Summary
400(1)
Terms to Remember
400(1)
Questions for Review
400(1)
Questions for Analysis
400(1)
Assignments and Projects
400(2)
Law and Technology: A Paralegal Perspective
402(25)
Chapter Outline
402(1)
Technology Corner
402(1)
Case File: Micro Inc. v. Doggie in the Window Record Co.
402(1)
Introduction
403(1)
The Modern Law Office
403(2)
Computer Hardware
404(1)
Computer Software
404(1)
The Internet
405(2)
Communication--E-mail
405(1)
Advertising
405(1)
Information Resources
405(1)
Discussion Forums
406(1)
Legal Research
406(1)
The Internet and the Courts
406(1)
Document Depository
406(1)
Intranets and Extranets
406(1)
General Office Procedures
407(2)
Accepting a New Case
407(1)
Maintaining Client Files
408(1)
Calendaring
408(1)
Billing
409(1)
Communication Techniques
409(10)
Writing Business Letters
410(2)
Common Types of Legal Correspondence
412(4)
Handling the Telephone
416(1)
Writing Interoffice Memoranda
416(2)
Interviewing Clients and Witnesses
418(1)
Fact Investigation
419(4)
Featured Web Site
423(1)
Chapter Summary
424(1)
Terms to Remember
424(1)
Questions for Review
424(1)
Questions for Analysis
424(1)
Assignments and Projects
425(2)
Appendix I The United States Constitution427(14)
Appendix II Paralegal Ethics441(19)
Appendix III Mock Trial460(6)
Appendix IV Basic Citation Reference Guide466(3)
Appendix V The Marvin v. Marvin Cases469(25)
Appendix VI Federal Rules of Evidence §§801-806494(5)
Appendix VII Recent United States Supreme Court Decisions499(22)
Glossary521(10)
Index531

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