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An Introduction to Language

by: Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert; Hyams, Nina

An Introduction to Language

by: Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert; Hyams, Nina

ISBN 13:
9780155084810
ISBN 10:
015508481X
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 08/02/2002
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

AN INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE is ideal for use at all levels and in many different areas of instruction including education, languages, psychology, anthropology, teaching English as a Second Language (TESL), and linguistics. All chapters in this best-seller have been substantially revised to reflect recent discoveries and new understanding of linguistics and languages.

Part 1 The Nature of Human Language

What is Language

(30)

Linguistic Knowledge

(8)

Knowledge of the Sound System

(1)

Knowledge of Words

(1)

Arbitrary Relation of form and Meaning

(3)

The Creativity of Linguistic Knowledge

(3)

Knowledge of Sentences and Nonsentences

(1)

Linguistic Knowledge and Performance

(2)

What Is Grammar?

(4)

Descriptive Grammars

(1)

Prescriptive Grammars

(2)

Teaching Grammars

(1)

Language Universals

(5)

The Development of Grammar

(1)

Sign Languages: Evidence for Languages Universals

(1)

American Sign Language (ASL)

(2)

Animal ``languages''

(4)

``Talking'' Parrots

(1)

The Birds and the Bees

(3)

What We Know about Language

(1)

Summary

(1)

References for Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(3)

Brain and language

(36)

The Human Brain

(14)

The Modularity of the Brain

(5)

Evidence from Childhood Brain Lesions

(1)

Split Brains

(1)

Further Experiments

(2)

More Evidence for Modularity

(1)

Aphasia

(5)

Distinct Categories of Conceptual Knowledge

(1)

The Autonomy of Language

(3)

Asymmetry of Abilities

(1)

Laura

(1)

Christopher

(1)

Genetic Evidence for Language Autonomy

(1)

Language and Brain Development

(5)

The Critical Period

(3)

A Critical Period for Bird Songs

(2)

The Evolution of Language

(5)

In the Beginning: The Origin of Language

(1)

God's Gift to Mankind?

(1)

The First Language

(1)

Human Invention or the Cries of Nature?

(1)

The development of Language in the spices

(2)

Summary

(1)

References for Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(6)

Part 2 Grammatical Aspects of Language

Morophology: The Word of Language

(48)

Dictionaries

(1)

Content Words and Function Words

(2)

Morphemes: The Minimal Units of Meaning

(7)

Bound and Free Morphemes

(1)

Prefixes and Suffixes

(2)

Infixes

(1)

Circumfixes

(1)

Roots and Stems

(1)

Huckles and Ceives

(1)

Rules of Word Formation

(9)

Derivational Morphology

(1)

The Hierarchical Structure of Words

(2)

More about Derivational Morphemes

(1)

Lexical Gaps

(1)

Rule Productivity

(2)

``Pullet Surprises''

(1)

Sign Language Morphology

(1)

Word Coinage

(7)

Compounds

(1)

Meaning of Compounds

(1)

Universality of Compounding

(1)

Acronyms

(2)

Back-Formations

(1)

Abbreviations

(1)

Words from Names

(1)

Blends

(1)

Grammatical Morphemes

(6)

Inflectional Morphemes

100

(2)

Exceptions and Suppletions

102

(1)

Morphology and Syntax

103

(2)

Morphological Analysis: Identifying Morphemes

105

(1)

Summary

106

(2)

References for Further Reading

108

(1)

Exercises

108

(9)

The Sentence Patterns of Language

117

(56)

Grammatical or Ungrammatical?

118

(3)

What Grammaticality Is Based On

119

(1)

What Grammaticality Is Not Based On

120

(1)

What Else Do You Know about Syntax?

121

(2)

Sentence Structure

123

(14)

Syntactic Categories

125

(3)

Phrase Structure Trees

128

(2)

Heads and Complements

130

(1)

Selection

131

(2)

What Heads the Sentence?

133

(2)

The Infinity of Language

135

(2)

Phrase Structure Rules

137

(15)

Growing Trees: The Relationship between Phrase Structure Rules and Phrase Structure Trees

140

(3)

Structural Ambiguities

143

(1)

Trees That Won't Grow

144

(2)

More Phrase Structure Rules

146

(6)

Sentence Relatedness

152

(12)

Transformational Rules

153

(1)

Structure Dependent Rules

154

(2)

Syntactic Dependencies

156

(1)

Wh Questions

157

(2)

UG Principles and Parameters

159

(3)

Sign Language Syntax

162

(2)

Summary

164

(1)

References for Further Reading

165

(1)

Exercises

165

(8)

The Meanings of language

173

(58)

Lexical Semantic (Word Meanings)

173

(14)

Semantic Properties

174

(2)

Evidence for Semantic Properties

176

(1)

Semantic Properties and the Lexicon

176

(1)

More Semantic Relationships

177

(1)

-nyms

178

(1)

Homonyms and Polysemy

179

(2)

Synonyms

181

(1)

Antonyms

182

(1)

Formation of Antonyms

183

(1)

Hyponyms

184

(1)

Metonyms

184

(1)

Retronyms

185

(1)

Proper Names

185

(2)

Phrase and Sentence Meaning

187

(14)

Phrasal Meaning

188

(1)

Noun-Centered Meaning

189

(1)

Sense and Reference

190

(1)

Verb-Centered Meaning

191

(1)

Thematic Roles

192

(2)

Thematic Roles in Other Languages

194

(1)

The Theta-Criterion

195

(1)

Sentential Meaning

195

(1)

The ``Truth'' of Sentences

196

(1)

Paraphrase

197

(1)

Entailment

198

(1)

Contradiction

198

(1)

Events versus States

199

(1)

Pronouns and Coreferentiality

199

(2)

To Mean or Not to Mean

201

(6)

Anomaly: No Sense and Nonsense

201

(3)

Metaphor

204

(1)

Idioms

205

(2)

Pragmatics

207

(12)

Linguistic Context: Discourse

208

(1)

Pronouns

209

(2)

The Articles The and A

211

(1)

Situational Context

212

(1)

Maxims of Conversation

213

(1)

Speech Acts

114

(102)

Presuppositions

216

(1)

Deixis

217

(2)

Summary

219

(2)

References for Further Reading

221

(1)

Exercises

222

(9)

Phonetics: The Sounds of Language

231

(42)

Sound Segments

232

(3)

Identity of Speech Sounds

233

(2)

Spelling and Speech

235

(5)

The Phonetic Alphabet

236

(4)

Articulatory Phonetics

240

(22)

Airstream Mechanisms

240

(2)

Consonants

242

(1)

Places of Articulation

242

(1)

Bilabials [p] [b] [m]

242

(1)

Labiodentals [f] [v]

242

(1)

Interdentals (θ] [d]

242

(1)

Alveolars [t) (d) (n] [s] (z] (1] [r]

242

(1)

Palatals [f]/[S] [3]/[Z] [C] [J]

243

(1)

Velars [k] [g] (g]

243

(1)

Uvulars [R] [q) [G]

243

(1)

Glottal [?] [h]

243

(1)

Manners of Articulation

244

(1)

Voiced and Voiceless Sounds

244

(2)

Nasal and Oral Sounds

246

(1)

Stops [p] [b] [m] [t] [d] [n] [k] [g] [n] [c] [j][?]

247

(1)

Fricatives (f] [v] [θ] [d] [s] [z] [s] [z]

248

(1)

Affricates [c] [j]

248

(1)

Liquids [1] [r]

249

(1)

Glides (j] [w]

250

(1)

Phonetic Symbols for American English Consonants

250

(2)

Vowels

252

(1)

Tongue Position

252

(2)

Lip Rounding

254

(1)

Diphthongs

255

(1)

Nasalization of Vowels

255

(1)

Tense and Lax Vowels

255

(1)

Dialed Differences

256

(1)

Major Classes

257

(1)

Noncontinuants and Continuants

257

(1)

Obstruents and Sonorants

257

(1)

Consonants and Vowels

257

(1)

Labials [p] [b] [m] [f] [v]

258

(1)

Coronals [t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [s] [z] [c] [J] [1]

258

(1)

Anterior [p] [b] [m] [f] [v] [θ] [d] [t] [d] [n] [s] [z]

258

(1)

Sibilants [s] [z] [s] [z] [c] [j]

258

(1)

Syllabic Sounds

258

(1)

Prosodic Suprasegmental Features

258

(1)

Tone and Intonation

259

(3)

Diacritics

262

(1)

Phonetic Symbols and Spelling Correspondences

262

(3)

Sign-Language Primes

265

(2)

Summary

267

(1)

References for Further Reading

268

(1)

Exercises

268

(5)

Phonology: The Sound Patterns of Language

273

(68)

The Pronunciation of Morphemes

275

(8)

The Pronunciation of Plurals

275

(4)

Exceptions to the Plural Rule

279

(1)

Allomorphy in English: Further Examples

280

(1)

Allomorphy in Other languages

281

(2)

Phonemes: The Phonological Units of Language

283

(8)

Vowel Nasalization in English

283

(4)

Minimal Pairs in ASL

287

(1)

Complementary Distribution

287

(4)

Distinctive Features

291

(6)

Feature Values

291

(1)

Predictability of Redundant (Nondistinctive) Features

292

(2)

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

An Introduction to Language

An Introduction to Language

9780155084810

015508481X

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

An Introduction to Language

An Introduction to Language

9780155084810

015508481X

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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