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Introduction to FACTS Controllers Theory, Modeling, and Applications

by: Sen, Kalyan K.; Sen, Mey Ling

Introduction to FACTS Controllers Theory, Modeling, and Applications

by: Sen, Kalyan K.; Sen, Mey Ling

ISBN 13:
9780470478752
ISBN 10:
0470478756
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 09/28/2009
Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press

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Summary

Written from a practicing engineer's point of view by one of the pioneers who developed the technology, FACTS Controllers provides a solid foundation to the basics of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS). The text provides sample computer simulation in the EMTP programming language, with the complete set of models available for download. After reading the appropriate parts of this book, students, teachers, and practicing engineers will be able to carry out studies of power system networks to mitigate their unique power flow problems.

Foreword	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Nomenclature	p. xix
Applications of Facts Controllers	p. 1
Power Flow Control Concepts	p. 13
Theory	p. 13
Series-Connected Compensating Voltage	p. 19
Power at the Sending End	p. 20
Power at the Receiving End	p. 24
Power at the Modified Sending End	p. 29
Exchanged Power by the Series-Connected Compensating Voltage	p. 35
Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltage	p. 43
Power at the Modified Sending End	p. 43
Power at the Receiving End	p. 45
Comparison between Series-Connected and Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltages	p. 46
Implementation of Power Flow Control Concepts	p. 48
Voltage Regulation	p. 48
Direct Method	p. 48
Indirect Method	p. 50
Phase Angle Regulation	p. 54
Series Reactance Regulation	p. 56
Direct Method	p. 56
Indirect Method	p. 56
Independent Control of Active and Reactive Power Flows	p. 58
Unified Power Flow Controller	p. 60
Sen Transformer	p. 62
Interline Power Flow Concept	p. 65
Back-To-Back SSSC	p. 66
Multiline Sen Transformer	p. 68
Back-to-Back Statcom	p. 74
Generalized Power Flow Controller	p. 76
Modeling Principles	p. 79
The Modeling in EMTP	p. 79
Network Model	p. 81
Vector Phase-Locked Loop (VPLL)	p. 87
Transmission Line Steady-State Resistance Calculator	p. 88
Simulation of an Independent PFC in a Single Line Application	p. 89
Transformer-Based Facts Controllers	p. 95
Voltage Regulating Transformer (VRT)	p. 95
Autotransformer	p. 97
Two-Winding Transformer	p. 101
Phase Angle Regulator (PAR)	p. 102
Mechanically Switched Facts Controllers	p. 107
Shunt Compensation	p. 107
Mechanically Switched Capacitor (MSC)	p. 107
Mechanically Switched Recator (MSR)	p. 110
Series Compensation	p. 113
Mechanically Switched Recator (MSR)	p. 113
Mechanically Switched Capacitor (MSC) with a Reactor	p. 115
Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC)	p. 117
Modeling an Ideal VSC	p. 118
Dc-to-Ac VSC	p. 119
Generation of a Square Wave Voltage with a Two-Level Pole	p. 119
Modeling a Single-Phase VSC and Simulation Results	p. 122
Six+Pulse VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 123
Modeling a Six-Phase VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 134
12-Pulse HN-VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 135
Graphical Presentation of the Cancellation Technique of the Fifth and the Seventh Harmonic Components	p. 146
Modeling a 12-Pulse HN-VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 149
24-Pulse HN-VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 150
Modeling a 24-Pulse HN-VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 160
24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 162
Modeling of a 48-Pulse QHN-VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 169
48-Pulse QHN-VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 170
Modeling of a 48-Pulse QHN-VSC with Three-Level Poles	p. 180
Generation of a Quasisquare Wave Voltage with a Three-Level Pole	p. 182
Six-Pulse HN-VSC with Three-Level Poles	p. 185
12-Pulse HN-VSC with Three-Level Poles	p. 194
Modeling a 12-Pulse HN-VSC with Three-Level Poles	p. 196
24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Three-Level Poles	p. 196
Modeling a 24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Three-Level Poles	p. 199
Alternate Configuration for a QHN-VSC	p. 200
Interphase Transformer (IPT)	p. 201
24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Ipts	p. 202
Modeling 24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Two-Level Poles and Ipts	p. 205
Realizable Pole Circuits	p. 205
Considerations for a HN-VSC	p. 207
Dc-to-Ac VSC Operated with PWM Technique	p. 209
Discussion	p. 211
Two-Level Pole Design	p. 213
A Three-Phase, Six-Pulse VSC with Two-Level Poles	p. 214
Analysis of a Pole	p. 217
Device Characteristics	p. 218
Mathematical Model	p. 220
Analysis of the Model	p. 222
Mode 1 of operation	p. 223
Mode 2 of operation	p. 230
Results	p. 242
VSC-Based Facts Controllers	p. 245
Shunt Compension	p. 251
Shunt Reactive Current Injection	p. 251
Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltage Soure Behind an Impedance	p. 252
Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltage Behind a Coupling Transformer	p. 254
Static Synchronous Compensator (Statcom)	p. 254
Control of Statcom	p. 255
Modeling of Statcom in EMTP and Simulation Results	p. 258
Series Compensation	p. 261
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)	p. 271
Control of SSSC	p. 271
Modeling of SSSC in EMTP and Simulation Results	p. 273
Stable Reversal of Power Flow	p. 276
Reactance Control Method	p. 277
Voltage Control Method	p. 283
Shunt-Series Compensation Using a Unified Power Flow	p. 290
Control of UPFC	p. 293
Modeling of UPFC in EMTP and Simulation Results	p. 294
Test Results	p. 296
Protection of UPFC	p. 302
Sen Transformer	p. 307
Existing Solutions	p. 309
Voltage Regulation	p. 309
Phase Angle Regulation	p. 311
Desired Solution	p. 312
ST as a New Voltage Regulator	p. 316
ST as an Independent PFC	p. 319
Control of ST	p. 321
Impedance Emulation	p. 323
Resistance Emulation	p. 324
Reactance Emulation	p. 324
Closed Loop Power Flow Control	p. 325
Open Loop Power Flow Control	p. 325
Simulation Results	p. 327
Limited Angle Operation of ST	p. 329
ST Using LTCS with Lower Current Rating	p. 336
ST Using LTCS with Lower Voltage and Current Rating	p. 343
Comparison Among the VRT, PAR, UPFC, and ST	p. 344
Power Flow Enhancement	p. 344
Speed of Operation	p. 346
Losses	p. 348
Switch Rating	p. 348
Magnetic Circuit Design	p. 348
Optimization of Transformer Rating	p. 349
Hamonic Injection into the Power System Network	p. 351
Operation During Line Faults	p. 351
Multiline Sen Transformer	p. 352
Basic Differences between the MST and BTB-SSSC	p. 356
Flexible Operation of the ST	p. 347
ST with Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltages	p. 358
Limited Angle Operation of the ST with Shunt-Connected	p. 362
MST with Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltages	p. 369
Generalized Sen Transformer	p. 371
Summary	p. 372
Appendix A. Miscellaneous	p. 373
Three-Phase Blanced Voltage, Current, and Powe	p. 373
Symmetrical Components	p. 377
Separation of Positive, Negative, and Zero Sequence Components in a Multiple Frequency Composite Variable	p. 383
Three-Phase Unbalanced Voltage, Current, and Power	p. 387
d-q Transformation	p. 392
Conversion of a Variable Containing Positive, Negative, and Zero Sequence Components into d-q Frame	p. 396
Calculation of Instantaneous Power into d-q Frame	p. 399
Calculation of Instantaneous Power into d-q Frame for a 3-Phase, 3-wire System	p. 400
Fourier Analysis	p. 405
Adams-Bashforth Numerical Integration Formula	p. 410
Appendix B. Power Flow Control Equations in a Lossy	p. 413
Power Flow Equations at the Sending End of an Uncompensated Transmission Line	p. 415
Power Flow Equations at the Receiving End of an Uncompensated Transmission Line	p. 418
Verification of Power Flow Equations at the Sending and Receiving Ends of an Uncompensated Transmission Line	p. 421
Natural Power Flow Equations in an Uncompensated Transmission Line	p. 422
Most Important Power Flow Control Parameters	p. 427
Modifying Transmission Line Voltage with a Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltage	p. 431
Modifying Transmission Line Voltage with a Series-Connected Compensating Voltage	p. 431
Power Flow at the Sending End	p. 435
Power Flow at the Receiving End	p. 438
Power Flow at the Modified Sending End	p. 441
Exchanged Power by the Compensating Voltage	p. 445
Appendix C. EMTP Files	p. 451
Bibliography	p. 505
Books	p. 505
General	p. 505
Statcom	p. 510
SSSC	p. 512
UPFC	p. 513
IPFC	p. 516
Index	p. 517
About the Authors
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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Introduction to FACTS Controllers Theory, Modeling, and Applications

Introduction to FACTS Controllers Theory, Modeling, and Applications

9780470478752

0470478756

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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