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| Foreword | p. xiii |
| Preface | p. xv |
| Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
| Nomenclature | p. xix |
| Applications of Facts Controllers | p. 1 |
| Power Flow Control Concepts | p. 13 |
| Theory | p. 13 |
| Series-Connected Compensating Voltage | p. 19 |
| Power at the Sending End | p. 20 |
| Power at the Receiving End | p. 24 |
| Power at the Mod... MORE | p. 29 |
| Exchanged Power by the Series-Connected Compensating Voltage | p. 35 |
| Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltage | p. 43 |
| Power at the Modified Sending End | p. 43 |
| Power at the Receiving End | p. 45 |
| Comparison between Series-Connected and Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltages | p. 46 |
| Implementation of Power Flow Control Concepts | p. 48 |
| Voltage Regulation | p. 48 |
| Direct Method | p. 48 |
| Indirect Method | p. 50 |
| Phase Angle Regulation | p. 54 |
| Series Reactance Regulation | p. 56 |
| Direct Method | p. 56 |
| Indirect Method | p. 56 |
| Independent Control of Active and Reactive Power Flows | p. 58 |
| Unified Power Flow Controller | p. 60 |
| Sen Transformer | p. 62 |
| Interline Power Flow Concept | p. 65 |
| Back-To-Back SSSC | p. 66 |
| Multiline Sen Transformer | p. 68 |
| Back-to-Back Statcom | p. 74 |
| Generalized Power Flow Controller | p. 76 |
| Modeling Principles | p. 79 |
| The Modeling in EMTP | p. 79 |
| Network Model | p. 81 |
| Vector Phase-Locked Loop (VPLL) | p. 87 |
| Transmission Line Steady-State Resistance Calculator | p. 88 |
| Simulation of an Independent PFC in a Single Line Application | p. 89 |
| Transformer-Based Facts Controllers | p. 95 |
| Voltage Regulating Transformer (VRT) | p. 95 |
| Autotransformer | p. 97 |
| Two-Winding Transformer | p. 101 |
| Phase Angle Regulator (PAR) | p. 102 |
| Mechanically Switched Facts Controllers | p. 107 |
| Shunt Compensation | p. 107 |
| Mechanically Switched Capacitor (MSC) | p. 107 |
| Mechanically Switched Recator (MSR) | p. 110 |
| Series Compensation | p. 113 |
| Mechanically Switched Recator (MSR) | p. 113 |
| Mechanically Switched Capacitor (MSC) with a Reactor | p. 115 |
| Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC) | p. 117 |
| Modeling an Ideal VSC | p. 118 |
| Dc-to-Ac VSC | p. 119 |
| Generation of a Square Wave Voltage with a Two-Level Pole | p. 119 |
| Modeling a Single-Phase VSC and Simulation Results | p. 122 |
| Six+Pulse VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 123 |
| Modeling a Six-Phase VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 134 |
| 12-Pulse HN-VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 135 |
| Graphical Presentation of the Cancellation Technique of the Fifth and the Seventh Harmonic Components | p. 146 |
| Modeling a 12-Pulse HN-VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 149 |
| 24-Pulse HN-VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 150 |
| Modeling a 24-Pulse HN-VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 160 |
| 24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 162 |
| Modeling of a 48-Pulse QHN-VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 169 |
| 48-Pulse QHN-VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 170 |
| Modeling of a 48-Pulse QHN-VSC with Three-Level Poles | p. 180 |
| Generation of a Quasisquare Wave Voltage with a Three-Level Pole | p. 182 |
| Six-Pulse HN-VSC with Three-Level Poles | p. 185 |
| 12-Pulse HN-VSC with Three-Level Poles | p. 194 |
| Modeling a 12-Pulse HN-VSC with Three-Level Poles | p. 196 |
| 24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Three-Level Poles | p. 196 |
| Modeling a 24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Three-Level Poles | p. 199 |
| Alternate Configuration for a QHN-VSC | p. 200 |
| Interphase Transformer (IPT) | p. 201 |
| 24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Ipts | p. 202 |
| Modeling 24-Pulse QHN-VSC with Two-Level Poles and Ipts | p. 205 |
| Realizable Pole Circuits | p. 205 |
| Considerations for a HN-VSC | p. 207 |
| Dc-to-Ac VSC Operated with PWM Technique | p. 209 |
| Discussion | p. 211 |
| Two-Level Pole Design | p. 213 |
| A Three-Phase, Six-Pulse VSC with Two-Level Poles | p. 214 |
| Analysis of a Pole | p. 217 |
| Device Characteristics | p. 218 |
| Mathematical Model | p. 220 |
| Analysis of the Model | p. 222 |
| Mode 1 of operation | p. 223 |
| Mode 2 of operation | p. 230 |
| Results | p. 242 |
| VSC-Based Facts Controllers | p. 245 |
| Shunt Compension | p. 251 |
| Shunt Reactive Current Injection | p. 251 |
| Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltage Soure Behind an Impedance | p. 252 |
| Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltage Behind a Coupling Transformer | p. 254 |
| Static Synchronous Compensator (Statcom) | p. 254 |
| Control of Statcom | p. 255 |
| Modeling of Statcom in EMTP and Simulation Results | p. 258 |
| Series Compensation | p. 261 |
| Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) | p. 271 |
| Control of SSSC | p. 271 |
| Modeling of SSSC in EMTP and Simulation Results | p. 273 |
| Stable Reversal of Power Flow | p. 276 |
| Reactance Control Method | p. 277 |
| Voltage Control Method | p. 283 |
| Shunt-Series Compensation Using a Unified Power Flow | p. 290 |
| Control of UPFC | p. 293 |
| Modeling of UPFC in EMTP and Simulation Results | p. 294 |
| Test Results | p. 296 |
| Protection of UPFC | p. 302 |
| Sen Transformer | p. 307 |
| Existing Solutions | p. 309 |
| Voltage Regulation | p. 309 |
| Phase Angle Regulation | p. 311 |
| Desired Solution | p. 312 |
| ST as a New Voltage Regulator | p. 316 |
| ST as an Independent PFC | p. 319 |
| Control of ST | p. 321 |
| Impedance Emulation | p. 323 |
| Resistance Emulation | p. 324 |
| Reactance Emulation | p. 324 |
| Closed Loop Power Flow Control | p. 325 |
| Open Loop Power Flow Control | p. 325 |
| Simulation Results | p. 327 |
| Limited Angle Operation of ST | p. 329 |
| ST Using LTCS with Lower Current Rating | p. 336 |
| ST Using LTCS with Lower Voltage and Current Rating | p. 343 |
| Comparison Among the VRT, PAR, UPFC, and ST | p. 344 |
| Power Flow Enhancement | p. 344 |
| Speed of Operation | p. 346 |
| Losses | p. 348 |
| Switch Rating | p. 348 |
| Magnetic Circuit Design | p. 348 |
| Optimization of Transformer Rating | p. 349 |
| Hamonic Injection into the Power System Network | p. 351 |
| Operation During Line Faults | p. 351 |
| Multiline Sen Transformer | p. 352 |
| Basic Differences between the MST and BTB-SSSC | p. 356 |
| Flexible Operation of the ST | p. 347 |
| ST with Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltages | p. 358 |
| Limited Angle Operation of the ST with Shunt-Connected | p. 362 |
| MST with Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltages | p. 369 |
| Generalized Sen Transformer | p. 371 |
| Summary | p. 372 |
| Appendix A. Miscellaneous | p. 373 |
| Three-Phase Blanced Voltage, Current, and Powe | p. 373 |
| Symmetrical Components | p. 377 |
| Separation of Positive, Negative, and Zero Sequence Components in a Multiple Frequency Composite Variable | p. 383 |
| Three-Phase Unbalanced Voltage, Current, and Power | p. 387 |
| d-q Transformation | p. 392 |
| Conversion of a Variable Containing Positive, Negative, and Zero Sequence Components into d-q Frame | p. 396 |
| Calculation of Instantaneous Power into d-q Frame | p. 399 |
| Calculation of Instantaneous Power into d-q Frame for a 3-Phase, 3-wire System | p. 400 |
| Fourier Analysis | p. 405 |
| Adams-Bashforth Numerical Integration Formula | p. 410 |
| Appendix B. Power Flow Control Equations in a Lossy | p. 413 |
| Power Flow Equations at the Sending End of an Uncompensated Transmission Line | p. 415 |
| Power Flow Equations at the Receiving End of an Uncompensated Transmission Line | p. 418 |
| Verification of Power Flow Equations at the Sending and Receiving Ends of an Uncompensated Transmission Line | p. 421 |
| Natural Power Flow Equations in an Uncompensated Transmission Line | p. 422 |
| Most Important Power Flow Control Parameters | p. 427 |
| Modifying Transmission Line Voltage with a Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltage | p. 431 |
| Modifying Transmission Line Voltage with a Series-Connected Compensating Voltage | p. 431 |
| Power Flow at the Sending End | p. 435 |
| Power Flow at the Receiving End | p. 438 |
| Power Flow at the Modified Sending End | p. 441 |
| Exchanged Power by the Compensating Voltage | p. 445 |
| Appendix C. EMTP Files | p. 451 |
| Bibliography | p. 505 |
| Books | p. 505 |
| General | p. 505 |
| Statcom | p. 510 |
| SSSC | p. 512 |
| UPFC | p. 513 |
| IPFC | p. 516 |
| Index | p. 517 |
| About the Authors | |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |