Acknowledgments

Preface

1. An Introduction to Language Science

Language Characteristics

Grammar, Language Origins, and Non-Human Communication Systems

Language and Thought

A Description of the Language Processing System

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

2. Speech Production and Comprehension

Speech Production

Articulation

Foreign Accent Syndrome Revisited

Speech Perception

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

3. Word Processing

The Anatomy of a Word: How We Mentally Represent Word Form

Lexical Semantics

Lexical Access

Lexical Ambiguity Resolution

The Neural Basis of Lexical Representation and Lexical Access

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

4 Sentence Processing

Models of Parsing: Two-Stage Models

Models of Parsing: Constraint-based Models

Interim Summary

Argument Structure Hypothesis

Limitations, Criticisms, and Some Alternative Parsing Theories

Parsing Long-Distance Dependencies

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

5 Discourse Processing

Construction–Integration Theory

The Structure Building Framework

The Event Indexing Model

Causation, Cohesion and Coherence in Discourse Encoding and Memory

The Role of General World Knowledge in Discourse Processing

Building Situation Models

Inferencing: Memory-Based Account of Discourse Processing: Minimalist vs.Constructionist Inferencing

The Neural Basis of Discourse Comprehension

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

6 Reference

Characteristics of Referents That Make Co-Reference Easier

Characteristics of Anaphors That Make Co-Reference Easier

The Relationship between an Anaphor and Possible Referents Affects Anaphor Resolution

Binding Theory

Psycholinguistic Theories of Anaphoric Reference

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

7 Non-Literal Language Processing

Types of Non-Literal Language

The Standard Pragmatic View

Metaphor

Why Metaphor?

Metonymy and Underspecification

Idioms and Frozen Metaphors

Embodiment and the Interpretation of Non-Literal Language

The Neural Basis of Non-Literal Language Interpretation

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

8 Dialogue

Gricean Maxims

Dialogue is Interactive

Common Ground

Audience Design

Effects of Listeners’ Perspective-Taking on Comprehension

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

9 Language Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Prenatal Learning

Infant Perception and Categorization of Phonemes

Solving the Segmentation Problem

Statistical Learning and Speech Segmentation

Interim Summary

Learning Word Meanings

Acquisition of Morphological and Syntactic Knowledge

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

10 Reading

Speed Reading?

Eye Movement Control and Reading

Oculomotor and Cognitive Control Theories of Reading

Cognitive Processing in Reading I

Cognitive Processing in Reading II: Visual Word Processing

Dyslexia: Single-Deficit Models

Dyslexia: Dual-Route and Single-Route Explanations

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

11 Bilingual Language Processing

Mary Potter and the Secrets of Bilingualism

Languages Are Simultaneously Active During Comprehension and Production

Models of Language Control in Bilingual Speakers

Bilingualism and Executive Control

Teaching Techniques and Individual Differences in Second Language Learning

The Neural Bases of Bilingualism

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

12 Sign Language

Characteristics of Signed Languages

Lexical Access in Sign Language

Sign Language Acquisition and Language Evolution

Reading in Deaf Signers

The Neural Basis of Sign Language: Left-Hemisphere Contributionsto Production and Comprehension

Does the Right Hemisphere Play a Special Role in Sign Language?

  The Effects of Deafness and Learning Sign Language on Cognitive Processing

Cochlear Implants

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

13 Aphasia

Aphasiology: What Happens to Language When the Brain Is Damaged?

Broca’s Aphasia, Wernicke’s Aphasia, and Syntactic Parsing

Treatment and Recovery from Aphasia

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

14 Right-Hemisphere Language Function

Speech Perception and Production

Word Processing

Right-Hemisphere Contributions to Discourse Comprehension and Production

Right-Hemisphere Contributions to Non-Literal Language Understanding

What You Can Do with One Hemisphere

Why Lateralization?

Summary and Conclusions

Test Yourself

Name Index

Subject Index

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