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International Business: Environments And Operations

by: Daniels, John; Radebaugh, Lee; Sullivan, Daniel

International Business: Environments And Operations

by: Daniels, John; Radebaugh, Lee; Sullivan, Daniel

ISBN 13:
9780131869424
ISBN 10:
0131869426
Edition: 11th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2007
Publisher: Pearson College Div
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Summary

For undergraduate and graduate courses in International Business.This exciting revision of the classic best-seller provides the most panoramic, authoritative and current review of international business. The world has changed and so has the book.

Preface

xxvii

About the Authors

xxxvii

Part I BACKGROUND FOR INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

(42)

Globalization and International Business

(42)

Case: The Globalization of Professional Sports

(3)

Why Are Globalization and International Business Important?

(2)

The Forces Behind Globalization

(6)

Increase in and Expansion of Technology

(1)

Liberalization of Cross-Border Trade and Resource Movements

(1)

Development of Services That Support International Business

(1)

Growing Consumer Pressures

(1)

Increased Global Competition

(1)

Changing Political Situations

(1)

Expanded Cross-National Cooperation

(2)

Criticisms of Globalization

(2)

Threats to National Sovereignty

(1)

Economic Growth

(1)

Growing Income Inequality

(1)

Why Companies Engage in International Business

(1)

To Expand Sales

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Is Offshoring Good or Bad?

(1)

Acquire Resources

(1)

Minimize Risk

(1)

Modes of International Business

(3)

Merchandise Exports and Imports

(1)

Service Exports and Imports

(1)

Investments

(1)

International Companies and Terms to Describe Them

(1)

Why International Business Differs from Domestic Business

(4)

Physical and Societal Factors

(2)

The Competitive Environment

(1)

Looking to the Future: Is Globalization Inevitable?

(1)

Summary

(1)

Case: Carnival Cruise Lines

(3)

Chapter Notes

(2)

An Atlas

(8)

Map Index

(4)

Part II COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORKS

(156)

The Cultural Environments Facing Business

(42)

Case: The Java Lounge---Adjusting to Saudi Arabian Culture

(3)

Introduction

(1)

Cultural Awareness

(1)

Identification and Dynamics of Cultures

(5)

The Nation as a Point of Reference

(2)

Cultural Formation and Dynamics

(1)

Language as a Cultural Stabilizer

(2)

Religion as a Cultural Stabilizer

(1)

Does Geography Matter? Birds of a Feather Flock Together

(3)

Behavioral Practices Affecting Business

(11)

Social Stratification Systems

(2)

Work Motivation

(3)

Relationship Preferences

(1)

Risk-Taking Behavior

(1)

Information and Task Processing

(1)

Communications

(3)

Dealing with Cultural Differences

(4)

Accommodation to Foreigners

(1)

Cultural Distance: Usefulness and Limitations

(1)

Culture Shock

(1)

Company and Management Orientations

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Does International Business Lead to Cultural Imperialism?

(4)

Strategies for Instituting Change

(2)

Looking to the Future: What Will Happen to National Cultures?

(1)

Summary

(1)

Case: Charles Martin in Uganda

(3)

Chapter Notes

(4)

The Political and Legal Environments Facing Business

(32)

Case: China's Business Environment

(4)

Introduction

(1)

The Political Environment

(8)

Individualism and Collectivism

(1)

Political Ideology

(1)

Democracy

(2)

Totalitarianism

(1)

Trends in Political Systems

(3)

Looking to the Future: Will Democracy Survive?

(2)

Political Risk

(2)

Point---Counterpoint: Political Risk Management

101

(1)

The Legal Environment

102

(2)

Diffusion of Legal Systems

103

(1)

Legal Issues in International Business

104

(7)

Operational Concerns

105

(3)

Strategic Concerns

108

(1)

Intellectual Property Rights

108

(3)

Summary

111

(1)

Case: Global Software Piracy

112

(4)

Chapter Notes

116

(2)

The Economic Environment

118

(42)

Case: McDonald's and Russia's Economic Transition

119

(3)

Introduction

122

(1)

International Economic Analysis

123

(1)

Elements of the Economic Environment

124

(7)

Gross National Income

125

(1)

Improving the Power of GNI

126

(5)

Features of an Economy

131

(7)

Inflation

131

(2)

Unemployment

133

(1)

Debt

134

(1)

Income Distribution

135

(1)

Poverty

136

(1)

The Balance of Payments

137

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Trade Deficits--Advantage or Crisis

138

(1)

Integrating Economic Analysis

139

(11)

Types of Economic Systems

140

(3)

Freedom, Markets, and Transition

143

(1)

Economic Freedom: Idea, Performance, and Trends

143

(3)

Transition to a Market Economy

146

(2)

The Means of Transition

148

(2)

Looking to the Future: The Future of Transition

150

(1)

Summary

151

(1)

Case: Meet the BRICs

152

(3)

Chapter Notes

155

(5)

Globalization and Society

160

(40)

Case: Environmental Challenges for Newmont Mining in Indonesia

161

(3)

Introduction

164

(1)

Evaluating the Impact of FDI

165

(2)

Trade-offs Among Constituencies

166

(1)

Cause-Effect Relationships

166

(1)

Individual and Aggregate Effects

166

(1)

Potential Contributions of MNEs

167

(1)

Economic Impact of the MNE

167

(4)

Balance-of-Payments Effects

167

(3)

Growth and Employment Effects

170

(1)

Foundations of Ethical Behavior

171

(3)

Cultural Foundations for Ethical Behavior

172

(1)

Legal Foundations for Ethical Behavior

173

(1)

Ethics and Bribery

174

(4)

Point---Counterpoint: Is Bribery Ever Justified?

178

(2)

Ethical Behavior and Environmental Issues

180

(2)

Global Warming

180

(2)

Does Geography Matter? The Amazon

182

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas and Pharmaceutical Sales

183

(3)

Ethical Dimensions of Labor Conditions

186

(3)

Corporate Codes of Ethics

189

(2)

Looking to the Future: Will FDI Be Welcome and Will Foreign Investors Act More Responsibly as the Twenty-First Century Progresses?

191

(1)

Summary

191

(1)

Case: Anglo American in South Africa

192

(4)

Chapter Notes

196

(4)

Part III THEORIES AND INSTITUTIONS; TRADE AND INVESTMENT

200

(104)

International Trade and Factor Mobility Theory

200

(38)

Case: Costa Rican Trade, Foreign Investment, and Economic Transformation

201

(3)

Introduction

204

(1)

Interventionist Theories

205

(1)

Mercantilism

205

(1)

Neomercantilism

206

(1)

Free Trade Theories

206

(7)

Theory of Absolute Advantage

207

(2)

Comparative Advantage

209

(2)

Some Assumptions and Limitations of the Theories of Specialization

211

(2)

Theories Explaining Trade Patterns

213

(5)

How Much Does a Country Trade?

213

(1)

What Types of Products Does a Country Trade?

213

(4)

With Whom Do Countries Trade?

217

(1)

Does Geography Matter? Variety Is the Spice of Life

218

(1)

The Dynamics of Trade

219

(4)

Product Life Cycle (PLC) Theory

219

(2)

The Porter Diamond

221

(2)

Point---Counterpoint: Should Countries Follow Strategic Trade Policies?

223

(1)

Factor Mobility

224

(5)

Why Production Factors Move

225

(1)

Effects of Factor Movements

226

(1)

The Relationship of Trade and Factor Mobility

227

(2)

Looking to the Future: Will Conditions for Trade Change?

229

(1)

Summary

230

(1)

Case: LUKoil

231

(4)

Chapter Notes

235

(3)

Governmental Influence on Trade

238

(28)

Case: Textile and Clothing Trade

239

(2)

Introduction

241

(1)

Conflicting Results of Trade Policies

241

(2)

Economic Rationales for Governmental Intervention

243

(7)

Unemployment

243

(1)

Infant-Industry Argument

244

(2)

Industrialization Argument

246

(2)

Economic Relationships with Other Countries

248

(2)

Noneconomic Rationales for Government Intervention

250

(1)

Maintenance of Essential Industries

250

(1)

Prevention of Shipments to ``Unfriendly'' Countries

251

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Should Countries Eliminate the Use of Trade Sanctions?

251

(2)

Maintenance or Extension of Spheres of Influence

252

(1)

Protecting Activities that Help Preserve the National Identity

253

(1)

Instruments of Trade Control

253

(6)

Tariffs

253

(2)

Nontariff Barriers: Direct Price Influences

255

(1)

Nontariff Barriers: Quantity Controls

256

(3)

Dealing with Governmental Trade Influences

259

(1)

Looking to the Future: The Battle of Different Interests

260

(1)

Summary

261

(1)

Case: U.S.--Cuban Trade

261

(3)

Chapter Notes

264

(2)

Cross-National Cooperation and Agreements

266

(38)

Case: Toyota in Europe

267

(2)

Introduction

269

(1)

The World Trade Organization (WTO)

269

(3)

GATT: The Predecessor

269

(2)

The WTO

271

(1)

The Rise of Bilateral Agreements

272

(1)

Regional Economic Integration

272

(2)

The Effects of Integration

273

(1)

Major Regional Trading Groups

274

(1)

The European Union

274

(9)

The EU's Organizational Structure

274

(3)

The Single European Act

277

(2)

EU Expansion

279

(1)

Trade Disputes Between the EU and the U.S.

280

(1)

Implications of the EU for Corporate Strategy

280

(1)

Main Challenges Facing the EU

281

(2)

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

283

(4)

Rules of Origin and Regional Content

284

(1)

Special Provisions of NAFTA

284

(1)

Impact of NAFTA

285

(1)

NAFTA Expansion

286

(1)

Implications of NAFTA for Corporate Strategy

286

(1)

Regional Economic Integration in the Americas

287

(3)

Point---Counterpoint: Is CAFTA a Good Idea?

290

(1)

Regional Economic Integration in Asia

291

(2)

Regional Economic Integration in Africa

293

(1)

Commodity Agreements

294

(3)

Producers' Alliances and ICCAs

294

(2)

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

296

(1)

Looking to the Future: Will the WTO Overcome Bilateral and Regional Integration Efforts?

297

(1)

Summary

297

(1)

Case: Wal-Mart de Mexico

298

(3)

Chapter Notes

301

(3)

Part IV WORLD FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT

304

(66)

Global Foreign Exchange and Capital Markets

304

(36)

Case: Western Union

305

(1)

Introduction

306

(1)

Major Characteristics of the Foreign-Exchange Market

307

(3)

Brief Description of Foreign-Exchange Instruments

307

(1)

The Size, Composition, and Location of the Foreign-Exchange Market

308

(2)

Does Geography Matter? Foreign Exchange Trades

310

(1)

Major Foreign-Exchange Instruments

311

(7)

The Spot Market

311

(2)

The Forward Market

313

(3)

Options

316

(1)

Futures

316

(1)

Foreign-Exchange Convertibility

316

(2)

How Companies Use Foreign Exchange

318

(1)

The Foreign-Exchange Trading Process

319

(4)

Commercial and Investment Banks

321

(2)

Global Capital Markets

323

(8)

Eurocurrencies

323

(1)

International Bonds: Foreign, Euro, and Global

324

(2)

Equity Securities and the Euroequity Market

326

(5)

Point---Counterpoint: Speculation in Capital Markets

331

(1)

Looking to the Future: The Future of Foreign Exchange and Global Capital Markets

332

(1)

Summary

332

(1)

Case: HSBC and the Peso Crisis in Argentina

333

(4)

Chapter Notes

337

(3)

The Determination of Exchange Rates

340

(30)

Case: El Salvador and the U.S. Dollar

341

(2)

Introduction

343

(1)

The International Monetary Fund

343

(2)

IMF Assistance

344

(1)

Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)

344

(1)

Evolution to Floating Exchange Rate

345

(1)

Exchange-Rate Arrangements

345

(5)

From Pegged to Floating Currencies

345

(2)

The Euro

347

(3)

Point---Counterpoint: Should Africa Develop a Common Currency?

350

(3)

Black Markets

351

(1)

The Role of Central Banks

351

(2)

The Determination of Exchange Rates

353

(6)

Floating Rate Regimes

353

(1)

Managed Fixed Rate Regime

354

(2)

Purchasing-Power Parity

356

(1)

Interest Rates

357

(1)

Other Factors in Exchange-Rate Determination

358

(1)

Forecasting Exchange-Rate Movements

359

(2)

Fundamental and Technical Forecasting

359

(1)

Factors to Monitor

360

(1)

Business Implications of Exchange-Rate Changes

361

(2)

Marketing Decisions

361

(1)

Production Decisions

362

(1)

Financial Decisions

362

(1)

Looking to the Future: Changing Times Will Bring Greater Exchange-Rate Flexibility

363

(1)

Summary

363

(1)

Case: The Chinese Yuan---To Revalue or Not to Revalue, That Is the Question

364

(4)

Chapter Notes

368

(2)

Part V GLOBAL STRATEGY STRUCTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION

370

(188)

The Strategy of International Business

370

(40)

Case: Zara---Value Creation in the Global Apparel Industry

371

(4)

Introduction

375

(2)

Industry, Strategy, and Firm Performance

377

(4)

The Idea of Industry Structure

378

(1)

Industry Change

379

(1)

Strategy and Value

380

(1)

Creating Value

380

(1)

The Firm as a Value Chain

381

(4)

Using the Value Chain

383

(1)

Configuration

383

(2)

Does Geography Matter? Labor Costs and Location Decisions

385

(6)

Coordination

386

(4)

Value Chains and Change

390

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Value Chains--Real or Virtual?

391

(1)

Global Integration versus Local Responsiveness

392

(4)

Pressures for Global Integration

392

(1)

Globalization of Markets

392

(1)

Efficiency Gains of Standardization

393

(1)

Pressures for Local Responsiveness

393

(2)

Interaction

395

(1)

Strategy Types

396

(5)

International Strategy

396

(1)

Multidomestic Strategy

397

(1)

Global Strategy

398

(1)

Transnational Strategy

399

(2)

Looking to the Future: New Strategy Types?

401

(1)

Summary

402

(1)

Case: The Globalization of eBay

402

(5)

Chapter Notes

407

(3)

Country Evaluation and Selection

410

(40)

Case: Carrefour

411

(4)

Introduction

415

(1)

Scanning and Detailed Examination Compared

416

(2)

What Information Is Important?

418

(11)

Opportunities

418

(5)

Risks

423

(6)

Does Geography Matter? Don't Fool with Mother Nature

429

(1)

Collect and Analyze Data

430

(3)

Problems with Research Results and Data

430

(1)

External Sources of Information

431

(2)

Internal Generation of Data

433

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Should Companies Forego Direct Investments in Violent Areas?

433

(1)

Country Comparison Tools

434

(3)

Grids

435

(1)

Matrices

436

(1)

Allocating Among Locations

437

(3)

Reinvestment versus Harvesting

437

(1)

Interdependence of Locations

438

(1)

Geographic Diversification versus Concentration

438

(2)

Noncomparative Decision Making

440

(1)

Making Final Country Selections

441

(1)

Looking to the Future: Will the Prime Locations Change?

441

(1)

Summary

442

(1)

Case: FDI in South Africa

443

(3)

Chapter Notes

446

(4)

Export and Import Strategies

450

(32)

Case: Grieve---A Small-Business Export Strategy

451

(3)

Introduction

454

(1)

Export Strategy

455

(6)

Strategic Advantages of Exports

456

(1)

Characteristics of Exporters

456

(1)

Stages of Export Development

457

(1)

Pitfalls of Exporting

458

(1)

Designing an Export Strategy

459

(2)

Import Strategy

461

(4)

Strategic Advantages of Imports

461

(2)

The Role of Customs Agencies

463

(1)

Import Documentation

464

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: A Dirty Dilemma: Exporting Hazardous Waste

465

(1)

The Export Process

466

(6)

Indirect Selling

466

(1)

Export Management Companies

467

(1)

Export Trading Companies

468

(1)

Foreign Trading Companies

468

(1)

Direct Selling

469

(1)

Direct Selling Through the Internet

470

(1)

Export Documentation

470

(1)

Foreign Freight Forwarders

471

(1)

Looking to the Future: The Technology of Trade

472

(2)

Sources of Assistance

473

(1)

Countertrade

474

(2)

Barter

475

(1)

Buybacks

475

(1)

Offset Trade

475

(1)

Summary

476

(1)

Case: Alibaba.com

477

(2)

Chapter Notes

479

(3)

Direct Investment and Collaborative Strategies

482

(36)

Case: Cisco Systems

483

(2)

Introduction

485

(1)

Why Exporting May Not Be Feasible

486

(2)

Cheaper to Produce Abroad

486

(1)

Transportation Costs

487

(1)

Lack of Domestic Capacity

487

(1)

Need to Alter Products and Services

487

(1)

Trade Restrictions

488

(1)

Country of Origin Effects

488

(1)

Noncollaborative Foreign Equity Arrangements

488

(3)

Foreign Direct Investment and Control

489

(1)

Methods for Making FDI

490

(1)

Motives for Collaborative Arrangements

491

(3)

General Motives for Collaborative Arrangements

492

(1)

International Motives for Collaborative Arrangements

493

(1)

Types of Collaborative Arrangements

494

(1)

Some Considerations in Collaborative Arrangements

495

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Should Countries Limit Foreign Control of Key Industries?

495

(8)

Licensing

497

(1)

Franchising

498

(2)

Management Contracts

500

(1)

Turnkey Operations

500

(1)

Joint Ventures

501

(2)

Equity Alliances

503

(1)

Problems of Collaborative Arrangements

503

(2)

Collaboration's Importance to Partners

504

(1)

Differing Objectives

504

(1)

Control Problems

504

(1)

Partners' Contributions and Appropriations

505

(1)

Differences in Culture

505

(1)

Managing Foreign Arrangements

505

(4)

Dynamics of Collaborative Arrangements

506

(1)

Finding Compatible Partners

507

(1)

Negotiating Process

508

(1)

Contractual Provisions

508

(1)

Performance Assessment

508

(1)

Looking to the Future: Why Innovation Breeds Collaboration

509

(1)

Summary

509

(1)

Case: International Airline Alliances

510

(4)

Chapter Notes

514

(4)

The Organization of International Business

518

(40)

Case: Johnson & Johnson

519

(3)

Introduction

522

(1)

The Causes of Change

523

(2)

Organization in the International Business

525

(1)

Organizational Structure

526

(10)

Vertical Differentiation: Centralization versus Decentralization

526

(2)

Horizontal Differentiation: The Design of the Formal Structure

528

(1)

Functional Structure

528

(1)

Divisional Structures

528

(3)

Matrix Structure

531

(1)

Mixed Structure

532

(1)

Contemporary Structures

532

(1)

Network Structure

533

(2)

Virtual Organization

535

(1)

Project Structure

535

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Hierarchies or Hyperarchies?

536

(1)

Coordination and Control Systems

537

(6)

Coordination Systems

537

(3)

Control Systems

540

(1)

Control Mechanisms

540

(3)

Organization Culture

543

(4)

The Growing Importance of Culture

543

(2)

Challenges and Pitfalls

545

(1)

Strategy and Organization Culture

545

(2)

Looking to the Future: The Role and Rise of Corporate Universities

547

(1)

Organization in Special Situations

547

(1)

Acquisitions

547

(1)

Shared Ownership

548

(1)

Dynamic Nature of Performance

548

(1)

The Role of Legal Structures

548

(1)

Branch and Subsidiary Organizations

549

(1)

Types of Subsidiaries and Operating Form

549

(1)

Summary

549

(1)

Case: GE Hungary

550

(5)

Chapter Notes

555

(3)

Part VI MANAGING INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS

558

(187)

Marketing Globally

558

(40)

Case: Avon

559

(4)

Filling Global Needs and Wants

563

(1)

Marketing Strategies

564

(3)

Marketing Orientations

564

(2)

Targeting and Segmenting Markets

566

(1)

Product Policy

567

(1)

Reasons for Making Product Alterations

567

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Should First World Governments Regulate Their Companies' Marketing in Third World Countries?

568

(4)

Alteration Costs

571

(1)

Extent and Mix of the Product Line

571

(1)

Product Life-Cycle Considerations

571

(1)

Pricing

572

(5)

Governmental Intervention

572

(1)

Greater Market Diversity

573

(1)

Price Escalation in Exporting

573

(1)

Currency Value and Price Changes

574

(1)

Fixed versus Variable Pricing

575

(2)

Company to Company Pricing

577

(1)

Promotion

577

(2)

The Push-Pull Mix

577

(1)

Standardization of Advertising Programs

578

(1)

Branding

579

(3)

Language Factors

580

(1)

Brand Acquisitions

581

(1)

Country-of-Origin Images

581

(1)

Generic and Near-Generic Names

582

(1)

Distribution

582

(1)

Does Geography Matter? Is Necessity the Mother of Invention?

582

(5)

Difficulty of Standardization

583

(1)

Choosing Distributors and Channels

584

(1)

Hidden Costs in Distribution

585

(1)

The Internet and Electronic Commerce

586

(1)

Managing the Marketing Mix

587

(2)

Looking to the Future; Will the ``Haves'' and the ``Have-Nots'' Meet the ``Have Somes''?

589

(1)

Summary

590

(1)

Case: NeoPets

591

(3)

Chapter Notes

594

(4)

Global Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management

598

(32)

Case: Samsonite's Global Supply Chain

599

(2)

Introduction

601

(2)

Global Manufacturing Strategies

603

(4)

Manufacturing Compatibility

604

(2)

Manufacturing Configuration

606

(1)

Coordination and Control

606

(1)

Information Technology and Global Supply Chain Management

607

(1)

Quality

608

(3)

Total Quality Management

609

(1)

Quality Standards

610

(1)

Supplier Networks

611

(4)

Make or Buy Decision

614

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Should Firms Outsource Innovation?

615

(3)

Supplier Relations

616

(1)

The Purchasing Function

617

(1)

Inventory Management

618

(4)

Just-in-Time Systems

618

(2)

Foreign Trade Zones

620

(1)

Transportation Networks

621

(1)

Looking to the Future: The Role of China in the Supply Chain

622

(1)

Summary

622

(1)

Case: Denso Corporation and Global Supplier Relations

623

(4)

Chapter Notes

627

(3)

International Accounting Issues

630

(40)

Case: Parmalat---Europe's Enron

631

(3)

Introduction

634

(1)

Factors Influencing the Development of Accounting Worldwide

635

(13)

Accounting Objectives

639

(2)

Cultural Differences in Accounting

641

(1)

Classification of Accounting Systems

642

(3)

International Accounting Standards and Global Convergence

645

(3)

Looking to the Future: Will IASB GAAP Become the Global Accounting Standard?

648

(1)

Transactions in Foreign Currencies

649

(2)

Recording of Transactions

649

(1)

Correct Procedures for U.S. Companies

650

(1)

Translation of Foreign Currency Financial Statements

651

(2)

Translation Methods

651

(2)

Disclosure of Foreign-Exchange Gains and Losses

653

(1)

Environmental Reports

653

(1)

Performance Evaluation and Control

654

(3)

Foreign Exchange in the Budget Process

654

(2)

Budgeting and Currency Practices

656

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Should Local Subsidiary Management Be Held Responsible for Exchange Rate Changes?

657

(1)

Transfer Pricing and Performance Evaluation

657

(2)

The Balanced Scorecard

659

(1)

Summary

660

(1)

Case: Vivendi Universal

661

(6)

Chapter Notes

667

(3)

The Multinational Finance Function

670

(34)

Case: Nu Skin Enterprises in Asia

671

(2)

Introduction

673

(1)

The Treasury and Finance Functions

673

(2)

Capital Structure

675

(1)

Offshore Financial Centers

676

(3)

Point---Counterpoint: Offshore Financial Centers Should Be Shut Down

679

(1)

Capital Budgeting in a Global Context

680

(1)

Internal Sources of Funds

681

(3)

Global Cash Management

682

(1)

Multilateral Netting

683

(1)

Cash Flow Aspects of Imports and Exports

684

(1)

Foreign-Exchange Risk Management

685

(5)

Translation Exposure

686

(1)

Transaction Exposure

686

(1)

Economic Exposure

686

(1)

Exposure-Management Strategy

687

(3)

Taxation of Foreign Source Income

690

(7)

Foreign Branch

691

(1)

Foreign Subsidiary

691

(2)

Transfer Prices

693

(1)

Tax Credit

694

(1)

Non-U.S. Tax Practices

694

(2)

Value-Added Tax

696

(1)

Tax Treaties: The Elimination of Double Taxation

696

(1)

Looking to the Future: Technology and Cash Flows

697

(1)

Summary

698

(1)

Case: Dell Mercosur

699

(3)

Chapter Notes

702

(2)

Human Resource Management

704

(41)

Case: A Career in International Business

705

(1)

Introduction

706

(2)

The Strategic Function of International HRM

708

(2)

Staffing Policies

710

(6)

The Ethnocentric Approach

711

(1)

The Polycentric Approach

712

(2)

The Geocentric Approach

714

(1)

Summary

715

(1)

Expatriate Selection

716

(2)

Technical Competence

716

(1)

Adaptiveness

717

(1)

Leadership Ability

718

(1)

Expatriate Failure

718

(1)

Expatriate Preparation and Development

719

(2)

General Country Understanding

719

(1)

Cultural Sensitivity

720

(1)

Practical Skills

720

(1)

Training Gaps and Trends

720

(1)

Point---Counterpoint: Learning a Foreign Language--Still Useful?

721

(1)

Expatriate Compensation

722

(5)

Types of Compensation Plans

722

(1)

Key Aspects of Expatriate Compensation

723

(2)

Complications Posed by Nationality Differences

725

(2)

Expatriate Repatriation

727

(2)

Managing Repatriation

729

(1)

International Labor Relations

729

(3)

Labor's Concerns About MNEs

730

(1)

Product and Resource Flows

731

(1)

Value Activity Switching

731

(1)

Scale and Complexity of MNEs

731

(1)

Labor's Actions Toward MNEs

732

(2)

Labor's Success and Struggle

733

(1)

Looking to the Future: Which Countries Will Have the Jobs of the Future?

734

(2)

Trends in the Relationship Between MNEs and Labor

735

(1)

Summary

736

(1)

Case: Tel-Comm-Tek (TCT)

737

(3)

Chapter Notes

740

(5)

Glossary

745

(16)

Photo Credits

761

(2)

Company Index and Trademarks

763

(5)

Name Index

768

(9)

Subject Index

777

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International Business: Environments And Operations

International Business: Environments And Operations

9780131869424

0131869426

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

International Business: Environments And Operations

International Business: Environments And Operations

9780131869424

0131869426

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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