Rent 9780766822719 | Illustrated Guide to Pruning

Summary Table of Contents

Illustrated Guide to Pruning, second edition is an excellent instructional tool for community colleges and university horticulture programs and is an appealing resource for the horticulture, landscape and tree associations and industries. It is a must-have for anyone interested in the pruning and maintenance of trees and is a natural feature for botanic garden and arboreta bookstores.

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Objectives of pruning	p. 3
Pruning strategies	p. 5
Inspect the tree before climbing	p. 6
Evaluate the tree before pruning	p. 6
Legal obligations	p. 9
Pruning severity	p. 9
Plant Selection and Management: The Bes... MOREt Way to Minimize Pruning Needs	p. 13
Good urban design	p. 14
Species selection	p. 14
Tree form and habit	p. 16
At the nursery	p. 20
In the landscape	p. 20
At the construction site	p. 23
Tree Structure	p. 27
Forest-grown tree form versus open-grown form	p. 28
Branch attachment	p. 29
Branch and stem bark ridge	p. 32
Branch protection zone	p. 34
Strength of branch and stem attachment	p. 36
Tree Biology	p. 41
Introduction	p. 42
Roots	p. 42
Wood and canopy	p. 43
Compartmentalization of decay in trees	p. 48
Best management practices based on biology	p. 51
Pruning Cuts	p. 55
Introduction	p. 56
Reduction cuts	p. 56
Heading cuts	p. 56
Removal cuts	p. 61
Locating the right spot to make the cut	p. 61
Making the cut	p. 65
Learning how to make the right cut	p. 66
Removing dead, dying, and diseased branches	p. 67
Flush cuts	p. 68
Terminal bud cluster pruning	p. 68
Wound dressing on pruning cuts	p. 69
Pruning Tools	p. 73
Pruning shears	p. 74
Loppers	p. 76
Hedging shears	p. 76
Hand saws	p. 77
Chain saws	p. 78
Pole saws and loppers	p. 78
Climbing aids	p. 79
Aerial lifts	p. 79
Pruning carts	p. 79
When to Prune	p. 81
Start pruning early	p. 82
In the nursery	p. 82
At transplanting	p. 83
Pruning cycles in the landscape	p. 83
Municipal pruning cycles	p. 84
Time of year	p. 85
Growth rate control	p. 86
Wound closure rate	p. 86
Flowering trees	p. 86
Fruit trees	p. 88
Minimize bleeding	p. 88
Pest control	p. 89
Palms	p. 89
Small ornamental trees	p. 89
Nursery Shade Tree Production Pruning: Developing the Trunk and Leader	p. 93
Objective of nursery leader pruning	p. 94
Purchasing quality liners	p. 95
Subordination of competing stems	p. 95
Creating an upright dominant trunk	p. 100
Creating a straight trunk	p. 102
Staking	p. 102
Topping	p. 106
Splinting	p. 108
Tree shelters	p. 109
Trees with an unbranched trunk	p. 109
Tree spacing strategies	p. 110
Developing trunk caliper quickly	p. 112
Nursery Shade Tree Production Pruning: Developing the Canopy	p. 119
Objectives of developing a nursery tree canopy	p. 120
Controlling vigorous growing branches	p. 121
Upright trees	p. 122
Clustered stems or branches	p. 125
Choosing the lowest branch in the canopy	p. 125
Spacing branches along the trunk	p. 128
Creating a uniform crop	p. 128
Cultivar selection	p. 128
Topping	p. 129
Shearing and rounding over	p. 129
Increasing canopy spread	p. 129
Developing large caliper trees	p. 130
Developing street trees	p. 133
Excurrent evergreens	p. 133
Pruning for sale in the nursery	p. 135
Developing a production protocol	p. 135
Developing Special Forms on Young Plants	p. 141
Developing a single leader on a small ornamental tree or shrub	p. 142
Developing multiple trunks	p. 142
Developing fruit trees	p. 146
Developing and maintaining a standard form	p. 147
Creating special effects	p. 148
Developing an espalier	p. 149
Developing and maintaining a pollard	p. 149
Developing weeping plants	p. 152
Structural Pruning of Shade Trees in the Landscape: Objectives	p. 159
Introduction	p. 160
Why trees need structural pruning	p. 162
Objectives of structural pruning	p. 166
Decide what form is most suitable	p. 171
Single-trunked trees	p. 172
Low-branched, multi-trunked trees	p. 174
Structural Pruning of Shade Trees in the Landscape: Execution	p. 177
Developing and maintaining a dominant leader	p. 178
Developing main lateral limbs	p. 185
General strategy	p. 185
Branch management on young trees	p. 188
Branch management on sheared trees	p. 189
Branch management on street trees	p. 191
Branch management on medium-aged trees	p. 193
Clustered branches	p. 195
Developing and managing lower branches	p. 197
Developing low branches	p. 197
Managing low branches	p. 197
Aerial roots on trees	p. 200
Conifers and other excurrent trees	p. 200
Pruning Types on Established Trees	p. 203
Introduction	p. 204
Cleaning	p. 205
Thinning	p. 206
Reducing (Reduction)	p. 212
Raising	p. 216
Balancing	p. 220
Reducing risk	p. 222
Before a storm	p. 226
After a storm	p. 226
Restoration	p. 227
Topped trees	p. 227
Lions-tailed trees	p. 228
Tipped trees	p. 231
Storm-damaged trees	p. 232
Neglected trees	p. 232
Prune for pest control	p. 236
Directional pruning	p. 236
Vista pruning	p. 237
Slowing the growth rate	p. 237
Considerations for Maintaining Special Sites and Trees	p. 241
Mature trees	p. 242
Street and parking lot trees	p. 245
Golf course and park trees	p. 245
Trees at the edge of woods	p. 245
Feature trees	p. 247
Trees separating fairways or in clusters	p. 248
Root management	p. 248
Ornamental cherries, crabapples, and other ornamental trees	p. 248
Fruit trees	p. 249
Crape-myrtle and other summer-flowering trees	p. 250
Palms and cycads	p. 250
Pruning near utility lines	p. 252
Conifers and other evergreens	p. 255
Weeping trees	p. 258
Columnar and upright trees	p. 259
Standards and Specifications	p. 263
Standards	p. 264
Specifications	p. 264
How to hire an arborist	p. 267
Summary of tree pruning strategies	p. 268
Shrub Pruning	p. 271
Introduction	p. 272
Thinning	p. 272
Maintaining and reducing size	p. 273
Maintaining size	p. 273
Reducing size	p. 276
Hedging	p. 276
Developing a hedge	p. 276
Maintaining a hedge	p. 277
Rejuvenating a hedge	p. 279
Enhancing canopy density, slowing growth, and increasing flower number	p. 279
Pollarding and stooling	p. 279
Renovating	p. 281
Creating a small tree from an overgrown shrub	p. 281
Time of year	p. 282
Appendices	p. 285
Glossary	p. 315
References	p. 322
Index	p. 323
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