9780130322227

For undergraduate and graduate courses in Hydrology. This text offers a clear and up-to-date presentation of fundamental concepts and design methods required to understand hydrology and floodplain analysis. It addresses the computational emphasis of modern hydrology and provides a balanced approach to important applications in watershed analysis, floodplain computation, flood control, urban hydrology, stormwater design, and computer modeling. Includes HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, and SWMM models plus GIS and radar rainfall.

Preface

xiii

Hydrologic Principles

1

(78)

Introduction to Hydrology

1

(6)

Hydrologic Cycle

7

(6)

Weather Systems

13

(11)

Precipitation

24

(14)

Evaporation and Et

38

(9)

Infiltration Loss

47

(6)

Streamflow and the Hydrograph

53

(2)

Hydrologic Measurement

55

(24)

Summary

64

(2)

Problems

66

(9)

References

75

(4)

Hydrologic Analysis

79

(89)

Watershed Concepts

79

(4)

Rainfall-Runoff

83

(2)

Hydrograph Analysis

85

(12)

Unit Hydrograph Theory

97

(16)

Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Development

113

(17)

Applications of Unit Hydrographs

130

(4)

Conceptual Models

134

(5)

Snowfall and Snowmelt

139

(8)

Green and Ampt Infiltration Method

147

(21)

Summary

155

(1)

Problems

156

(8)

References

164

(4)

Frequency Analysis

168

(71)

Introduction

168

(7)

Probability Concepts

175

(1)

Random Variables and Probability Distributions

176

(11)

Return Period or Recurrence Interval

187

(3)

Common Probabilistic Models

190

(18)

Graphical Presentation of Data

208

(14)

Related Topics

222

(17)

Summary

224

(1)

Problems

224

(11)

References

235

(4)

Flood Routing

239

(74)

Hydrologic and Hydraulic Routing

239

(7)

Hydrologic River Routing

246

(9)

Hydrologic Reservoir Routing

255

(12)

Governing Equations for Hydraulic River Routing

267

(3)

Movement of a Flood Wave

270

(4)

Kinematic Wave Routing

274

(16)

Hydraulic River Routing

290

(23)

Summary

302

(1)

Problems

302

(8)

References

310

(3)

Hydrologic Simulation Models

313

(56)

Introduction to Hydrologic Models

313

(3)

Steps in Watershed Modeling

316

(2)

Description of Major Hydrologic Models

318

(2)

HEC-1 Flood Hydrograph Package

320

(10)

Input and Output Data for HEC-1

330

(9)

Introduction to HEC-HMS

339

(10)

HEC-HMS Watershed Analysis: Case Study

349

(20)

Summary

363

(1)

Problems

364

(3)

References

367

(2)

Urban Hydrology

369

(88)

Characteristics of Urban Hydrology

369

(6)

Review of Physical Processes

375

(8)

Rainfall Analysis

383

(11)

Methods for Quantity Analysis

394

(15)

Sewer System Hydraulics

409

(4)

Control Options

413

(6)

Operational Computer Models

419

(4)

Case Study

423

(34)

Summary

434

(1)

Problems

434

(14)

References

448

(9)

Floodplain Hydraulics

457

(63)

Uniform Flow

457

(2)

Iniform Flow Computations

459

(7)

Specific Energy and Critical Flow

466

(3)

Occurrence of Critical Depth

469

(1)

Nonuniform Flow or Gradually Varied Flow

470

(1)

Gradually Varied Flow Equations

471

(6)

Classification of Water Surface Profiles

477

(4)

Hydraulic Jump

481

(2)

Introduction to the HEC-2 Model

483

(1)

Theoretical Basis for HEC-2

484

(2)

Basic Data Requirements

486

(3)

Optional HEC-2 Capabilities

489

(1)

Input and Output Features

490

(8)

Example of HEC-2 Input

498

(4)

Introduction to HEC-RAS

502

(18)

Summary

514

(1)

Problems

514

(5)

References

519

(1)

Ground Water Hydrology

520

(65)

Introduction

520

(3)

Properties of Ground Water

523

(6)

Ground Water Movement

529

(5)

Flow Nets

534

(2)

General Flow Equations

536

(4)

Dupuit Equation

540

(4)

Streamlines and Equipotential Lines

544

(1)

Unsaturated Flow

545

(1)

Steady-State Well Hydraulics

546

(6)

Unsteady Well Hydraulics

552

(14)

Water Wells

566

(3)

Ground Water Modeling Techniques

569

(16)

Summary

579

(1)

Problems

580

(4)

References

584

(1)

Design Issues in Hydrology

585

(42)

Introduction

587

(1)

Design Rainfalls

588

(4)

Small Watershed Design

592

(8)

Design Hydrographs for Pipes, Overland Flows, and Channels

600

(7)

Detention Pond Design for Flood Control

607

(5)

Floodplain Analysis and Design at the Woodlands---Case Study

612

(15)

Summary

622

(1)

Problems

622

(3)

References

625

(2)

GIS Applications in Hydrology

627

(21)

Introduction to GIS

627

(2)

General GIS Concepts

629

(5)

Digital Representation Hydrologic Parameters

634

(2)

Digital Representation of Topography

636

(3)

GIS-Based Hydrology and Hydraulics

639

(5)

Common GIS Software Programs

644

(4)

Summary

646

(1)

References

646

(2)

Radar Rainfall Applications in Hydrology

648

(34)

Introduction

648

(5)

Radar Estimation of Rainfall

653

(7)

WSR-88D Radar System

660

(5)

Real-Time WSR-88D Precipitation Products

665

(5)

Radar to Gage Calibration

670

(3)

Linkages with Hydrologic Modeling

673

(9)

HEC-HMS

673

(6)

Summary

679

(1)

References

680

(2)

Floodplain Management Issues in Hydrology

682

(32)

Introduction

682

(4)

The Era of Federal Structural Flood Control Measures

686

(3)

The Federal Emergency Management Agency

689

(1)

Floodplain Management Issues

690

(1)

Structural Methods of Flood Control

691

(4)

The Flood Control Paradox

695

(2)

Nonstructural Methods of Flood Control

697

(4)

Clear Creek Case Study: A GIS-Based Approach

701

(13)

Summary

710

(1)

References

711

(3)

Appendix A Symbols and Notation

714

(4)

Appendix B Metric Conversion Factors (SI Units to U.S. Customary)

718

(2)

Appendix C Properties of Water

720

(3)

Appendix D Normal Distribution Tables

723

(3)

Appendix E Useful Hydrology-Related Internet Links

726

(9)

Glossary

735

(18)

Index

753

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The field of hydrology is of fundamental importance to civil and environmental engineers, hydrogeologists, and other earth scientists because of the environmental significance of water supply, major floods and droughts and their management, drainage and urban stormwater issues, flooplain management, and water quality impacts. This text was written to address the computational emphasis of modern hydrology at an undergraduate or graduate level and to provide a balanced approach to important applications in hydrologic engineering and science. THE EVOLUTION OF HYDROLOGY In the 1970s, a large number of sophisticated computer models were created by government agencies and university groups to address hydrologic prediction, flood control, hydraulic design, water resources engineering, contaminant transport, water quality management, and water supply. During the 1980s, several of the most comprehensive and best-documented computer programs became routine operating procedures for the detailed hydrologic analysis of watersheds. Many state and federal water programs rely heavily on the application of hydrologic models for planning and decision-making. Increasing use and sophistication of personal computers in the 1990s further revolutionized the daily practice of hydrology. Hundreds of small programs have been written to ease the computational burden on the hydrologist or engineer, and many of the earlier hydrologic models have newer versions designed to run on new and powerful personal computers. The availability of Internet access worldwide (since approximately 1994) has revolutionized the usefulness and accessibility of hydrologic data and models. The impact of transferring online data from governmental and scientific sources to the practicing hydrologist or student has been amazing. The evolving interactions of hydrologic data, digital terrain models, and mapping software with hydrologic modeling have been phenomenal. A list of important web sites and links currently used routinely in hydrology is contained in Appendix E. ORGANIZATION OF THE TEXT The text is divided into three main sections. The first section, consisting of the first four chapters, covers traditional topics in hydrology such as: (1) weather, precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, hydrologic measurement, (2) rainfall-runoff analysis, (3) frequency analysis, and (4) flood routing methods. These topics provide the student with a comprehensive view of the overall hydrologic cycle in nature as well as the problem of engineering design within certain flood limits. Numerous worked examples are used to highlight theory, problem definition, solution methods, and computational approaches. Spreadsheets are used throughout. The third edition of the text includes expanded coverage and new examples in Chapters 1 through 4. The second section, Chapters 5 through 9, is designed to apply hydrologic theory and available hydrologic modeling techniques to several areas of engineering hydrology and design--watershed analysis, floodplain delineation, and urban stormwater. The latest methods and computer models are emphasized in enough detail for practical use, and detailed examples and case studies are provided. The third edition of the text updates earlier hydrologic models with new versions as of 2001, such as HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS from the U.S. Army Hydrologic Engineering Center, and the latest improvements to the EPA model SWMM. Chapter 5, Hydrologic Simulation Models, presents modern methods for simulating rainfall and runoff, flood hydrograph prediction, and flood control options in a watershed. The HEC-1 and HEC-HMS models are highlighted with detailed examples. Chapter 6, Urban Hydrology, presents standard methods and reviews available computer models for pipe and open channel storm drainage systems. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is highlighted as the most comprehensive urban runoff model available today. Chapter

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Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis

Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis

0130322229

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