CONTENTS: Introduction; Indian Philosophy: The Upanishads & Buddha Katha Upanishad; The Buddhist Dhamapada; Confucius Analects; Plato & Aristotle, & Freudian Echoes of Plato Republic; Nicomachean Ethics; The Ego & the Id; Mengzi & Xunzi: The Capacity for True Benevolence; Human Imperfection in the Judeo-Christian Tradition: From Adam to St. Augustine; The King James Bible; Confessions; Hobbes Leviathan; Butler & Hume: Inherent Tendencies toward Altruism Sermon I; A Treatise of Human Nature; Book III: Of Morals; Kant: The Need for Reason to Dominate Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals; Marx & Alienation: Our Flawed Participation in Life Alienated Labor; The Communist Manifesto; Sartre & Kierkegaard: Radical Incompleteness as the Human Lot Being & Nothingness; The Sickness unto Death.